Smoking Is Correlated With the Prognosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients: An Observational Study

• Published in: Frontiers in physiology Vol. 12; p. 634842
• Main Authors: Peng, Fei, Lei, Si, Zhang, Quan, Zhong, Yanjun, Wu, Shangjie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 03.03.2021
• Subjects: ACE2; cigarette; COVID-19; inflammation; Physiology; SARS-CoV-2; smoking; COVID-19; ACE2; SARS-CoV-2; cigarette; inflammation; smoking; prognosis
• ISSN: 1664-042X; 1664-042X
• DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.634842

Cigarette smoking has been proven to be a risk factor in the development of many diseases. However, it remains controversial with respect to the relationship of smoking with COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of smoking in COVID-19. A total of 622 patients with COVID-19 in China were enrolled in the study. Corresponding clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed. Meanwhile, Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analysis were employed to analyze the association of smoking with survival in patients with COVID-19. Smoking was statistically significant comparing non-survivors and survivors of patients with COVID-19 ( = 0.007). Males had higher proportion of smoking than females (91.9% vs. 8.1%, < 0.001). Compared with the non-smoker, there was significant statistical difference in the incidence of cerebrovascular disease in smoking patients with COVID-19 (9.7% vs. 3.4%, = 0.017). White blood cell count (6.3 vs. 5.4; = 0.037), hemoglobin level (139.0 vs. 127.0; < 0.001), and creatinine level (77.3 vs. 61.0; < 0.001) were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients who smoked. Moreover, smoking patients showed a worse survival compared with non-smoking patients (Log Rank = 0.045). After adjustment for age, gender and underlying diseases, patients with smoking still had higher risk of mortality than that of non-smoking patients (hazard ratio[HR] 1.897, 95% confidence interval [CI]1.058-3.402, = 0.032). Smoking was thought to be a risk factor in predicting the prognosis of COVID-19 and smoking patients might have a higher risk of mortality than that of the non-smoking patients.