Broad T Cell Targeting of Structural Proteins After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: High Throughput Assessment of T Cell Reactivity Using an Automated Interferon Gamma Release Assay

Adaptive immune responses to structural proteins of the virion play a crucial role in protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We therefore studied T cell responses against multiple SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in a large cohort using a simple, fast, and high-throughput approach. An...

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Published inFrontiers in immunology Vol. 12; p. 688436
Main Authors Brand, Isabel, Gilberg, Leonard, Bruger, Jan, Garí, Mercè, Wieser, Andreas, Eser, Tabea M., Frese, Jonathan, Ahmed, Mohamed I. M., Rubio-Acero, Raquel, Guggenbuehl Noller, Jessica M., Castelletti, Noemi, Diekmannshemke, Jana, Thiesbrummel, Sophie, Huynh, Duc, Winter, Simon, Kroidl, Inge, Fuchs, Christiane, Hoelscher, Michael, Roider, Julia, Kobold, Sebastian, Pritsch, Michael, Geldmacher, Christof
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 20.05.2021
Subjects
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Antibodies, Viral - blood
COVID-19
COVID-19 - blood
COVID-19 - immunology
Female
high through put
Humans
Immunology
interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)
Interferon-gamma - immunology
Interferon-gamma Release Tests
Male
Middle Aged
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
T cell response
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
Viral Structural Proteins - immunology
Young Adult
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
high through put
interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)
T cell response
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Abstract Adaptive immune responses to structural proteins of the virion play a crucial role in protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We therefore studied T cell responses against multiple SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in a large cohort using a simple, fast, and high-throughput approach. An automated interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) for the Nucleocapsid (NC)-, Membrane (M)-, Spike-C-terminus (SCT)-, and N-terminus-protein (SNT)-specific T cell responses was performed using fresh whole blood from study subjects with convalescent, confirmed COVID-19 (n = 177, more than 200 days post infection), exposed household members (n = 145), and unexposed controls (n = 85). SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were assessed using Elecsys  Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Ro-N-Ig) and Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA (IgG) (EI-S1-IgG). 156 of 177 (88%) previously PCR confirmed cases were still positive by Ro-N-Ig more than 200 days after infection. In T cells, most frequently the M-protein was targeted by 88% seropositive, PCR confirmed cases, followed by SCT (85%), NC (82%), and SNT (73%), whereas each of these antigens was recognized by less than 14% of non-exposed control subjects. Broad targeting of these structural virion proteins was characteristic of convalescent SARS-CoV-2 infection; 68% of all seropositive individuals targeted all four tested antigens. Indeed, anti-NC antibody titer correlated loosely, but significantly with the magnitude and breadth of the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response. Age, sex, and body mass index were comparable between the different groups. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity correlates with broad T cell reactivity of the structural virus proteins at 200 days after infection and beyond. The SARS-CoV-2-IGRA can facilitate large scale determination of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses with high accuracy against multiple targets.
AbstractList Adaptive immune responses to structural proteins of the virion play a crucial role in protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We therefore studied T cell responses against multiple SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in a large cohort using a simple, fast, and high-throughput approach.BackgroundAdaptive immune responses to structural proteins of the virion play a crucial role in protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We therefore studied T cell responses against multiple SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in a large cohort using a simple, fast, and high-throughput approach.An automated interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) for the Nucleocapsid (NC)-, Membrane (M)-, Spike-C-terminus (SCT)-, and N-terminus-protein (SNT)-specific T cell responses was performed using fresh whole blood from study subjects with convalescent, confirmed COVID-19 (n = 177, more than 200 days post infection), exposed household members (n = 145), and unexposed controls (n = 85). SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were assessed using Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Ro-N-Ig) and Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA (IgG) (EI-S1-IgG).MethodsAn automated interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) for the Nucleocapsid (NC)-, Membrane (M)-, Spike-C-terminus (SCT)-, and N-terminus-protein (SNT)-specific T cell responses was performed using fresh whole blood from study subjects with convalescent, confirmed COVID-19 (n = 177, more than 200 days post infection), exposed household members (n = 145), and unexposed controls (n = 85). SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were assessed using Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Ro-N-Ig) and Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA (IgG) (EI-S1-IgG).156 of 177 (88%) previously PCR confirmed cases were still positive by Ro-N-Ig more than 200 days after infection. In T cells, most frequently the M-protein was targeted by 88% seropositive, PCR confirmed cases, followed by SCT (85%), NC (82%), and SNT (73%), whereas each of these antigens was recognized by less than 14% of non-exposed control subjects. Broad targeting of these structural virion proteins was characteristic of convalescent SARS-CoV-2 infection; 68% of all seropositive individuals targeted all four tested antigens. Indeed, anti-NC antibody titer correlated loosely, but significantly with the magnitude and breadth of the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response. Age, sex, and body mass index were comparable between the different groups.Results156 of 177 (88%) previously PCR confirmed cases were still positive by Ro-N-Ig more than 200 days after infection. In T cells, most frequently the M-protein was targeted by 88% seropositive, PCR confirmed cases, followed by SCT (85%), NC (82%), and SNT (73%), whereas each of these antigens was recognized by less than 14% of non-exposed control subjects. Broad targeting of these structural virion proteins was characteristic of convalescent SARS-CoV-2 infection; 68% of all seropositive individuals targeted all four tested antigens. Indeed, anti-NC antibody titer correlated loosely, but significantly with the magnitude and breadth of the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response. Age, sex, and body mass index were comparable between the different groups.SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity correlates with broad T cell reactivity of the structural virus proteins at 200 days after infection and beyond. The SARS-CoV-2-IGRA can facilitate large scale determination of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses with high accuracy against multiple targets.ConclusionSARS-CoV-2 seropositivity correlates with broad T cell reactivity of the structural virus proteins at 200 days after infection and beyond. The SARS-CoV-2-IGRA can facilitate large scale determination of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses with high accuracy against multiple targets.
BackgroundAdaptive immune responses to structural proteins of the virion play a crucial role in protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We therefore studied T cell responses against multiple SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in a large cohort using a simple, fast, and high-throughput approach.MethodsAn automated interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) for the Nucleocapsid (NC)-, Membrane (M)-, Spike-C-terminus (SCT)-, and N-terminus-protein (SNT)-specific T cell responses was performed using fresh whole blood from study subjects with convalescent, confirmed COVID-19 (n = 177, more than 200 days post infection), exposed household members (n = 145), and unexposed controls (n = 85). SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were assessed using Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Ro-N-Ig) and Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA (IgG) (EI-S1-IgG).Results156 of 177 (88%) previously PCR confirmed cases were still positive by Ro-N-Ig more than 200 days after infection. In T cells, most frequently the M-protein was targeted by 88% seropositive, PCR confirmed cases, followed by SCT (85%), NC (82%), and SNT (73%), whereas each of these antigens was recognized by less than 14% of non-exposed control subjects. Broad targeting of these structural virion proteins was characteristic of convalescent SARS-CoV-2 infection; 68% of all seropositive individuals targeted all four tested antigens. Indeed, anti-NC antibody titer correlated loosely, but significantly with the magnitude and breadth of the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response. Age, sex, and body mass index were comparable between the different groups.ConclusionSARS-CoV-2 seropositivity correlates with broad T cell reactivity of the structural virus proteins at 200 days after infection and beyond. The SARS-CoV-2-IGRA can facilitate large scale determination of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses with high accuracy against multiple targets.
Adaptive immune responses to structural proteins of the virion play a crucial role in protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We therefore studied T cell responses against multiple SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in a large cohort using a simple, fast, and high-throughput approach. An automated interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) for the Nucleocapsid (NC)-, Membrane (M)-, Spike-C-terminus (SCT)-, and N-terminus-protein (SNT)-specific T cell responses was performed using fresh whole blood from study subjects with convalescent, confirmed COVID-19 (n = 177, more than 200 days post infection), exposed household members (n = 145), and unexposed controls (n = 85). SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were assessed using Elecsys  Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Ro-N-Ig) and Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA (IgG) (EI-S1-IgG). 156 of 177 (88%) previously PCR confirmed cases were still positive by Ro-N-Ig more than 200 days after infection. In T cells, most frequently the M-protein was targeted by 88% seropositive, PCR confirmed cases, followed by SCT (85%), NC (82%), and SNT (73%), whereas each of these antigens was recognized by less than 14% of non-exposed control subjects. Broad targeting of these structural virion proteins was characteristic of convalescent SARS-CoV-2 infection; 68% of all seropositive individuals targeted all four tested antigens. Indeed, anti-NC antibody titer correlated loosely, but significantly with the magnitude and breadth of the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response. Age, sex, and body mass index were comparable between the different groups. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity correlates with broad T cell reactivity of the structural virus proteins at 200 days after infection and beyond. The SARS-CoV-2-IGRA can facilitate large scale determination of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses with high accuracy against multiple targets.
Author Castelletti, Noemi
Wieser, Andreas
Huynh, Duc
Pritsch, Michael
Rubio-Acero, Raquel
Brand, Isabel
Fuchs, Christiane
Kobold, Sebastian
Eser, Tabea M.
Thiesbrummel, Sophie
Frese, Jonathan
Hoelscher, Michael
Ahmed, Mohamed I. M.
Diekmannshemke, Jana
Geldmacher, Christof
Gilberg, Leonard
Bruger, Jan
Roider, Julia
Guggenbuehl Noller, Jessica M.
Winter, Simon
Garí, Mercè
Kroidl, Inge
AuthorAffiliation 4 Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) , Neuherberg , Germany
6 Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Bielefeld University , Bielefeld , Germany
9 German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) , Partner Site Munich, Munich , Germany
2 Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany
1 Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich , Munich , Germany
8 Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany
5 German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , Partner Site Munich, Munich , Germany
7 Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München , Garching , Germany
10 Unit for Clinical Pharmacology (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) , Neuherberg , Germany
3 Department
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 5 German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , Partner Site Munich, Munich , Germany
– name: 7 Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München , Garching , Germany
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– name: 4 Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) , Neuherberg , Germany
– name: 1 Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich , Munich , Germany
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34093595$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 2021 Brand, Gilberg, Bruger, Garí, Wieser, Eser, Frese, Ahmed, Rubio-Acero, Guggenbuehl Noller, Castelletti, Diekmannshemke, Thiesbrummel, Huynh, Winter, Kroidl, Fuchs, Hoelscher, Roider, Kobold, Pritsch and Geldmacher.
Copyright © 2021 Brand, Gilberg, Bruger, Garí, Wieser, Eser, Frese, Ahmed, Rubio-Acero, Guggenbuehl Noller, Castelletti, Diekmannshemke, Thiesbrummel, Huynh, Winter, Kroidl, Fuchs, Hoelscher, Roider, Kobold, Pritsch and Geldmacher 2021 Brand, Gilberg, Bruger, Garí, Wieser, Eser, Frese, Ahmed, Rubio-Acero, Guggenbuehl Noller, Castelletti, Diekmannshemke, Thiesbrummel, Huynh, Winter, Kroidl, Fuchs, Hoelscher, Roider, Kobold, Pritsch and Geldmacher
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– notice: Copyright © 2021 Brand, Gilberg, Bruger, Garí, Wieser, Eser, Frese, Ahmed, Rubio-Acero, Guggenbuehl Noller, Castelletti, Diekmannshemke, Thiesbrummel, Huynh, Winter, Kroidl, Fuchs, Hoelscher, Roider, Kobold, Pritsch and Geldmacher 2021 Brand, Gilberg, Bruger, Garí, Wieser, Eser, Frese, Ahmed, Rubio-Acero, Guggenbuehl Noller, Castelletti, Diekmannshemke, Thiesbrummel, Huynh, Winter, Kroidl, Fuchs, Hoelscher, Roider, Kobold, Pritsch and Geldmacher
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Keywords COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
high through put
interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)
T cell response
Language English
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Snippet Adaptive immune responses to structural proteins of the virion play a crucial role in protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We therefore...
BackgroundAdaptive immune responses to structural proteins of the virion play a crucial role in protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We...
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SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Antibodies, Viral - blood
COVID-19
COVID-19 - blood
COVID-19 - immunology
Female
high through put
Humans
Immunology
interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)
Interferon-gamma - immunology
Interferon-gamma Release Tests
Male
Middle Aged
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
T cell response
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
Viral Structural Proteins - immunology
Young Adult
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Title Broad T Cell Targeting of Structural Proteins After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: High Throughput Assessment of T Cell Reactivity Using an Automated Interferon Gamma Release Assay
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34093595
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https://doaj.org/article/fe32ccae719c4a25ab9cdf1ba87b9b4b
Volume 12
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