Vitamin D supplementation and endothelial function in vitamin D deficient HIV-infected patients: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

• Published in: Antiviral therapy Vol. 17; no. 4; pp. 613 - 621
• Main Authors: LONGENECKER, Chris T, HILEMAN, Corrilynn O, CARMAN, Teresa L, ROSS, Allison C, SEYDAFKAN, Shabnam, BROWN, Todd T, LABBATO, Danielle E, STORER, Norma, TANGPRICHA, Vin, MCCOMSEY, Grace A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London International Medical Press 01.01.2012
• Subjects: Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents; Antiviral agents; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Dietary Supplements; HIV Infections - complications; HIV Infections - drug therapy; Human viral diseases; Humans; Immunodeficiencies; Immunodeficiencies. Immunoglobulinopathies; Immunopathology; Infectious diseases; Medical sciences; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Viral diseases; Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids; Vitamin D - therapeutic use; Vitamin D Deficiency - complications; Vitamin D Deficiency - drug therapy; Infection; Immunopathology; Randomization; Vitamin D; Viral disease; AIDS; Supplementation; Immune deficiency; Endothelium
• DOI: 10.3851/imp1983
• ISSN: 1359-6535

Studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in HIV patients but the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular risk in this population is unknown. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among 45 HIV-infected adults in Cleveland (OH, USA) on stable antiretroviral therapy with durable virological suppression and a baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of ≤20 ng/ml. Participants were randomized 2:1 to vitamin D3 4,000 IU daily or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was a change in flow-mediated brachial artery dilation (FMD). Baseline demographics were similar except for age (vitamin D versus placebo, mean ±sd 47 ±8 versus 40 ±10 years; P=0.009). Both groups had reduced FMD at baseline (median values 2.9% [IQR 1.6-4.8] for vitamin D versus 2.5% [IQR 1.7-6.4] for placebo; P=0.819). Despite an increase in the concentration of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D from baseline to 12 weeks (5.0 ng/ml [IQR -0.9-7.4] versus -1.9 ng/ml [IQR -4.0-0.1] for vitamin D versus placebo, respectively; P=0.003), there was no difference in FMD change (0.55% [IQR -1.05-2.13] versus 0.29% [IQR -1.61-1.77]; P=0.748). Vitamin D supplementation was associated with a decrease in total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and an increase in indices of insulin resistance. Among HIV-infected individuals with vitamin D deficiency, supplementation with 4,000 IU vitamin D3 daily for 12 weeks modestly improved vitamin D status and cholesterol but worsened insulin resistance without change in endothelial function. The mechanisms of resistance to standard doses of vitamin D and the complex role of vitamin D in glucose metabolism in this population require further investigation.