Road Map to Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Clinico-Immunopathology and COVID-19 Disease Severity

SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The rapid spread of the virus worldwide prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. COVID-19 discontinuing's a global health crisis. Approximately 80% of the pa...

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Published inPathogens (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 1; p. 5
Main Authors Karmakar, Deepmala, Lahiri, Basudev, Ranjan, Piyush, Chatterjee, Jyotirmoy, Lahiri, Pooja, Sengupta, Sanghamitra
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI 23.12.2020
MDPI AG
Subjects
clinical-immunological features
COVID-19
disease severity
host immunity
Review
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
clinical-immunological features
SARS-CoV-2
disease severity
host immunity
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Abstract SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The rapid spread of the virus worldwide prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. COVID-19 discontinuing's a global health crisis. Approximately 80% of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 display undetectable to mild inflammation confined in the upper respiratory tract. In remaining patients, the disease turns into a severe form affecting almost all major organs predominantly due to an imbalance of innate and adaptive arms of host immunity. The purpose of the present review is to narrate the virus's invasion through the system and the host's reaction. A thorough discussion on disease severity is also presented regarding the behavior of the host's immune system, which gives rise to the cytokine storm particularly in elderly patients and those with comorbidities. A multifaceted yet concise description of molecular aspects of disease progression and its repercussion on biochemical and immunological features in infected patients is tabulated. The summary of pathological, clinical, immunological, and molecular accounts discussed in this review is of theranostic importance to clinicians for early diagnosis of COVID-19 and its management.
AbstractList SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The rapid spread of the virus worldwide prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. COVID-19 discontinuing’s a global health crisis. Approximately 80% of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 display undetectable to mild inflammation confined in the upper respiratory tract. In remaining patients, the disease turns into a severe form affecting almost all major organs predominantly due to an imbalance of innate and adaptive arms of host immunity. The purpose of the present review is to narrate the virus’s invasion through the system and the host’s reaction. A thorough discussion on disease severity is also presented regarding the behavior of the host’s immune system, which gives rise to the cytokine storm particularly in elderly patients and those with comorbidities. A multifaceted yet concise description of molecular aspects of disease progression and its repercussion on biochemical and immunological features in infected patients is tabulated. The summary of pathological, clinical, immunological, and molecular accounts discussed in this review is of theranostic importance to clinicians for early diagnosis of COVID-19 and its management.
Author Lahiri, Basudev
Chatterjee, Jyotirmoy
Karmakar, Deepmala
Lahiri, Pooja
Sengupta, Sanghamitra
Ranjan, Piyush
AuthorAffiliation 4 School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India; jchatterjee@smst.iitkgp.ac.in
2 Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India; blahiri@ece.iitkgp.ac.in
3 Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; drpiyushdost@gmail.com
1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India; karmakar.deepmala@gmail.com
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India; karmakar.deepmala@gmail.com
– name: 4 School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India; jchatterjee@smst.iitkgp.ac.in
– name: 3 Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; drpiyushdost@gmail.com
– name: 2 Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India; blahiri@ece.iitkgp.ac.in
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  surname: Karmakar
  fullname: Karmakar, Deepmala
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  surname: Sengupta
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Issue 1
Keywords COVID-19
clinical-immunological features
SARS-CoV-2
disease severity
host immunity
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Snippet SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The rapid spread of the virus worldwide prompted the World Health...
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SubjectTerms clinical-immunological features
COVID-19
disease severity
host immunity
Review
SARS-CoV-2
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Title Road Map to Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Clinico-Immunopathology and COVID-19 Disease Severity
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