A Process-Oriented View of Procedural Memory Can Help Better Understand Tourette's Syndrome
Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive movements and vocalizations, also known as tics. The phenomenology of tics and the underlying neurobiology of the disorder have suggested that the altered functioning of the procedural memory system might cont...
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Published in | Frontiers in human neuroscience Vol. 15; p. 683885 |
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Language | English |
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Abstract | Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive movements and vocalizations, also known as tics. The phenomenology of tics and the underlying neurobiology of the disorder have suggested that the altered functioning of the procedural memory system might contribute to its etiology. However, contrary to the robust findings of impaired procedural memory in neurodevelopmental disorders of language, results from TS have been somewhat mixed. We review the previous studies in the field and note that they have reported normal, impaired, and even enhanced procedural performance. These mixed findings may be at least partially be explained by the diversity of the samples in both age and tic severity, the vast array of tasks used, the low sample sizes, and the possible confounding effects of other cognitive functions, such as executive functions, working memory or attention. However, we propose that another often overlooked factor could also contribute to the mixed findings, namely the multiprocess nature of the procedural system itself. We propose that a process-oriented view of procedural memory functions could serve as a theoretical framework to help integrate these varied findings. We discuss evidence suggesting heterogeneity in the neural regions and their functional contributions to procedural memory. Our process-oriented framework can help to deepen our understanding of the complex profile of procedural functioning in TS and atypical development in general. |
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AbstractList | Tourette’s syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive movements and vocalizations, also known as tics. The phenomenology of tics and the underlying neurobiology of the disorder have suggested that the altered functioning of the procedural memory system might contribute to its etiology. However, contrary to the robust findings of impaired procedural memory in neurodevelopmental disorders of language, results from TS have been somewhat mixed. We review the previous studies in the field and note that they have reported normal, impaired, and even enhanced procedural performance. These mixed findings may be at least partially be explained by the diversity of the samples in both age and tic severity, the vast array of tasks used, the low sample sizes, and the possible confounding effects of other cognitive functions, such as executive functions, working memory or attention. However, we propose that another often overlooked factor could also contribute to the mixed findings, namely the multiprocess nature of the procedural system itself. We propose that a process-oriented view of procedural memory functions could serve as a theoretical framework to help integrate these varied findings. We discuss evidence suggesting heterogeneity in the neural regions and their functional contributions to procedural memory. Our process-oriented framework can help to deepen our understanding of the complex profile of procedural functioning in TS and atypical development in general. |
Author | Tóth-Fáber, Eszter Farkas, Bence Cs Nemeth, Dezso Janacsek, Karolina |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 LNC 2 , Département d’Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, INSERM, PSL Research University , Paris , France 2 Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary 4 Brain, Memory and Language Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Budapest , Hungary 3 Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary 5 Centre for Thinking and Learning, Institute for Lifecourse Development, School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Greenwich , London , United Kingdom 6 Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Lyon , France |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 5 Centre for Thinking and Learning, Institute for Lifecourse Development, School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Greenwich , London , United Kingdom – name: 1 LNC 2 , Département d’Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, INSERM, PSL Research University , Paris , France – name: 3 Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary – name: 6 Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Lyon , France – name: 4 Brain, Memory and Language Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Budapest , Hungary – name: 2 Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Bence Cs surname: Farkas fullname: Farkas, Bence Cs organization: LNC2, Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France – sequence: 2 givenname: Eszter surname: Tóth-Fáber fullname: Tóth-Fáber, Eszter organization: Brain, Memory and Language Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary – sequence: 3 givenname: Karolina surname: Janacsek fullname: Janacsek, Karolina organization: Centre for Thinking and Learning, Institute for Lifecourse Development, School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 4 givenname: Dezso surname: Nemeth fullname: Nemeth, Dezso organization: Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France |
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Keywords | procedural memory atypical development statistical learning basal ganglia neuropsychology Tourette’s syndrome sequence learning serial reaction time task |
Language | English |
License | Copyright © 2021 Farkas, Tóth-Fáber, Janacsek and Nemeth. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 These authors share senior authorship Reviewed by: Patrizia Silvia Bisiacchi, University of Padua, Italy; Noa Benaroya Milshtein, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Israel Edited by: Filippo Brighina, University of Palermo, Italy This article was submitted to Cognitive Neuroscience, a section of the journal Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
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Snippet | Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive movements and vocalizations, also known as tics. The phenomenology of... Tourette’s syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive movements and vocalizations, also known as tics. The phenomenology of... |
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StartPage | 683885 |
SubjectTerms | atypical development basal ganglia Neuroscience procedural memory sequence learning statistical learning Tourette’s syndrome |
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Title | A Process-Oriented View of Procedural Memory Can Help Better Understand Tourette's Syndrome |
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