Effect of clones, year of harvest and geographical origin of fruits on quality and chemical composition of Argan oil

•Geographical area has a very highly significant effect on Argan oil composition.•Clone age has a significant effect on tocopherol levels.•A relationship related the fatty acids concentration and some tocopherols levels.•Argan clones show a significant effect on the content of α, β and γ tocopherols...

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Published in	Food chemistry Vol. 297; p. 124749
Main Authors	Aithammou, Rachid, Harrouni, Cherif, Aboudlou, Leila, Hallouti, Ayoub, Mlouk, Mohamed, Elasbahani, Abdelhafed, Daoud, Salma
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	England Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2019
Subjects	Age Argan oil climatic factors Clone clones fatty acid composition Fatty acids fruits Geographic origin oils orchards provenance Quality Tocopherols trees unsaturated fatty acids Year of harvest Palmitic acid (PubChem CID: 985) δ-Tocopherol (PubChem CID: 92094) Stearic acid (PubChem CID: 5281) α-Tocopherol (PubChem CID: 14985) Geographic origin Fatty acids γ-Tocopherol (PubChem CID: 92729) Year of harvest N-hexane (PubChem CID: 8058) Helium (PubChem CID: 23987) N-heptane (PubChem CID: 8900) Quality Oleic acid (PubChem CID: 445639) Tocopherols Argan oil Linoleic acid (PubChem CID: 5280450) Age Clone
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Abstract	•Geographical area has a very highly significant effect on Argan oil composition.•Clone age has a significant effect on tocopherol levels.•A relationship related the fatty acids concentration and some tocopherols levels.•Argan clones show a significant effect on the content of α, β and γ tocopherols. Argan oil is precious oil with food and cosmetic uses. In recent years, this oil has been subject to an increasing national and international demand. The present work aims at studying the effect of clones and age, year of harvest and geographical origin on Argan oil quality and chemical composition. The results indicate that age does not affect Argan oil quality and fatty acids content. However, clones had a significant effect on fatty acids and tocopherol levels. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were highly influenced by the year of harvest and geographical origin, presumably due to climatic conditions. Unsaturated fatty acids varied from 78.28% to 81.77%. Depending on clones, total tocopherols varied from 687.40 mg/kg to 1068 mg/kg. This study is useful for the choice of clones with the aim of developing Argan trees orchards destined to oil production.
AbstractList	Argan oil is precious oil with food and cosmetic uses. In recent years, this oil has been subject to an increasing national and international demand. The present work aims at studying the effect of clones and age, year of harvest and geographical origin on Argan oil quality and chemical composition. The results indicate that age does not affect Argan oil quality and fatty acids content. However, clones had a significant effect on fatty acids and tocopherol levels. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were highly influenced by the year of harvest and geographical origin, presumably due to climatic conditions. Unsaturated fatty acids varied from 78.28% to 81.77%. Depending on clones, total tocopherols varied from 687.40 mg/kg to 1068 mg/kg. This study is useful for the choice of clones with the aim of developing Argan trees orchards destined to oil production. Argan oil is precious oil with food and cosmetic uses. In recent years, this oil has been subject to an increasing national and international demand. The present work aims at studying the effect of clones and age, year of harvest and geographical origin on Argan oil quality and chemical composition. The results indicate that age does not affect Argan oil quality and fatty acids content. However, clones had a significant effect on fatty acids and tocopherol levels. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were highly influenced by the year of harvest and geographical origin, presumably due to climatic conditions. Unsaturated fatty acids varied from 78.28% to 81.77%. Depending on clones, total tocopherols varied from 687.40 mg/kg to 1068 mg/kg. This study is useful for the choice of clones with the aim of developing Argan trees orchards destined to oil production.Argan oil is precious oil with food and cosmetic uses. In recent years, this oil has been subject to an increasing national and international demand. The present work aims at studying the effect of clones and age, year of harvest and geographical origin on Argan oil quality and chemical composition. The results indicate that age does not affect Argan oil quality and fatty acids content. However, clones had a significant effect on fatty acids and tocopherol levels. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were highly influenced by the year of harvest and geographical origin, presumably due to climatic conditions. Unsaturated fatty acids varied from 78.28% to 81.77%. Depending on clones, total tocopherols varied from 687.40 mg/kg to 1068 mg/kg. This study is useful for the choice of clones with the aim of developing Argan trees orchards destined to oil production. •Geographical area has a very highly significant effect on Argan oil composition.•Clone age has a significant effect on tocopherol levels.•A relationship related the fatty acids concentration and some tocopherols levels.•Argan clones show a significant effect on the content of α, β and γ tocopherols. Argan oil is precious oil with food and cosmetic uses. In recent years, this oil has been subject to an increasing national and international demand. The present work aims at studying the effect of clones and age, year of harvest and geographical origin on Argan oil quality and chemical composition. The results indicate that age does not affect Argan oil quality and fatty acids content. However, clones had a significant effect on fatty acids and tocopherol levels. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were highly influenced by the year of harvest and geographical origin, presumably due to climatic conditions. Unsaturated fatty acids varied from 78.28% to 81.77%. Depending on clones, total tocopherols varied from 687.40 mg/kg to 1068 mg/kg. This study is useful for the choice of clones with the aim of developing Argan trees orchards destined to oil production.
ArticleNumber	124749
Author	Mlouk, Mohamed Hallouti, Ayoub Daoud, Salma Harrouni, Cherif Elasbahani, Abdelhafed Aboudlou, Leila Aithammou, Rachid
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Rachid surname: Aithammou fullname: Aithammou, Rachid email: rachid.aithammou@edu.uiz.ac.ma organization: Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco – sequence: 2 givenname: Cherif surname: Harrouni fullname: Harrouni, Cherif organization: Department of Landscape Architecture and Environment, I.A.V. Hassan II, Agadir, Morocco – sequence: 3 givenname: Leila surname: Aboudlou fullname: Aboudlou, Leila organization: Etablissement Autonome de Contrôle et de Coordination des Exportations, Agadir, Morocco – sequence: 4 givenname: Ayoub surname: Hallouti fullname: Hallouti, Ayoub organization: Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco – sequence: 5 givenname: Mohamed surname: Mlouk fullname: Mlouk, Mohamed organization: Direction des Domaines Agricoles (Les Arômes du Maroc), Casablanca, Morocco – sequence: 6 givenname: Abdelhafed surname: Elasbahani fullname: Elasbahani, Abdelhafed organization: Laboratory Lacape- Bio-organic Chemistry and Natural Substances, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco – sequence: 7 givenname: Salma surname: Daoud fullname: Daoud, Salma organization: Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
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Keywords	Palmitic acid (PubChem CID: 985) δ-Tocopherol (PubChem CID: 92094) Stearic acid (PubChem CID: 5281) α-Tocopherol (PubChem CID: 14985) Geographic origin Fatty acids γ-Tocopherol (PubChem CID: 92729) Year of harvest N-hexane (PubChem CID: 8058) Helium (PubChem CID: 23987) N-heptane (PubChem CID: 8900) Quality Oleic acid (PubChem CID: 445639) Tocopherols Argan oil Linoleic acid (PubChem CID: 5280450) Age Clone
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Snippet	•Geographical area has a very highly significant effect on Argan oil composition.•Clone age has a significant effect on tocopherol levels.•A relationship... Argan oil is precious oil with food and cosmetic uses. In recent years, this oil has been subject to an increasing national and international demand. The...
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SubjectTerms	Age Argan oil climatic factors Clone clones fatty acid composition Fatty acids fruits Geographic origin oils orchards provenance Quality Tocopherols trees unsaturated fatty acids Year of harvest
Title	Effect of clones, year of harvest and geographical origin of fruits on quality and chemical composition of Argan oil
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