Machine Learning-Based Analysis of Digital Movement Assessment and ExerGame Scores for Parkinson's Disease Severity Estimation
Neurodegenerative Parkinson's Disease (PD) is one of the common incurable diseases among the elderly. Clinical assessments are characterized as standardized means for PD diagnosis. However, relying on medical evaluation of a patient's status can be subjective to physicians' experience...
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Published in | Frontiers in psychology Vol. 13; p. 857249 |
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Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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17.03.2022
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Abstract | Neurodegenerative Parkinson's Disease (PD) is one of the common incurable diseases among the elderly. Clinical assessments are characterized as standardized means for PD diagnosis. However, relying on medical evaluation of a patient's status can be subjective to physicians' experience, making the assessment process susceptible to human errors. The use of ICT-based tools for capturing the status of patients with PD can provide more objective and quantitative metrics. In this vein, the Personalized Serious Game Suite (PGS) and intelligent Motor Assessment Tests (iMAT), produced within the i-PROGNOSIS European project (www.i-prognosis.eu), are explored in the current study. More specifically, data from 27 patients with PD at Stage 1 (9) and Stage 3 (18) produced from their interaction with PGS/iMAT are analyzed. Five feature vector (FV) scenarios are set, including features from PGS or iMAT scores or their combination, after also taking into consideration the age of patients with PD. These FVs are fed into three machine learning classifiers, i.e., K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Random Forest (RF), to infer the stage of each patient with PD. A Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV) method is adopted for testing the classification performance. The experimental results show that a high (>90%) classification accuracy is achieved from both data sources (PGS/iMAT), justifying the effectiveness of PGS/iMAT to efficiently reflect the motor skill status of patients with PD and further potentiating PGS/iMAT enhancement with a machine learning a part to infer for the stage of patients with PD. Clearly, this integrated approach provides new opportunities for remote monitoring of the stage of patients with PD, contributing to a more efficient organization and set up of personalized interventions. |
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AbstractList | Neurodegenerative Parkinson's Disease (PD) is one of the common incurable diseases among the elderly. Clinical assessments are characterized as standardized means for PD diagnosis. However, relying on medical evaluation of a patient's status can be subjective to physicians' experience, making the assessment process susceptible to human errors. The use of ICT-based tools for capturing the status of patients with PD can provide more objective and quantitative metrics. In this vein, the Personalized Serious Game Suite (PGS) and intelligent Motor Assessment Tests (iMAT), produced within the i-PROGNOSIS European project (www.i-prognosis.eu), are explored in the current study. More specifically, data from 27 patients with PD at Stage 1 (9) and Stage 3 (18) produced from their interaction with PGS/iMAT are analyzed. Five feature vector (FV) scenarios are set, including features from PGS or iMAT scores or their combination, after also taking into consideration the age of patients with PD. These FVs are fed into three machine learning classifiers, i.e., K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Random Forest (RF), to infer the stage of each patient with PD. A Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV) method is adopted for testing the classification performance. The experimental results show that a high (>90%) classification accuracy is achieved from both data sources (PGS/iMAT), justifying the effectiveness of PGS/iMAT to efficiently reflect the motor skill status of patients with PD and further potentiating PGS/iMAT enhancement with a machine learning a part to infer for the stage of patients with PD. Clearly, this integrated approach provides new opportunities for remote monitoring of the stage of patients with PD, contributing to a more efficient organization and set up of personalized interventions. Neurodegenerative Parkinson's Disease (PD) is one of the common incurable diseases among the elderly. Clinical assessments are characterized as standardized means for PD diagnosis. However, relying on medical evaluation of a patient's status can be subjective to physicians' experience, making the assessment process susceptible to human errors. The use of ICT-based tools for capturing the status of patients with PD can provide more objective and quantitative metrics. In this vein, the Personalized Serious Game Suite (PGS) and intelligent Motor Assessment Tests (iMAT), produced within the i-PROGNOSIS European project ( www.i-prognosis.eu ), are explored in the current study. More specifically, data from 27 patients with PD at Stage 1 (9) and Stage 3 (18) produced from their interaction with PGS/iMAT are analyzed. Five feature vector (FV) scenarios are set, including features from PGS or iMAT scores or their combination, after also taking into consideration the age of patients with PD. These FVs are fed into three machine learning classifiers, i.e., K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Random Forest (RF), to infer the stage of each patient with PD. A Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV) method is adopted for testing the classification performance. The experimental results show that a high (>90%) classification accuracy is achieved from both data sources (PGS/iMAT), justifying the effectiveness of PGS/iMAT to efficiently reflect the motor skill status of patients with PD and further potentiating PGS/iMAT enhancement with a machine learning a part to infer for the stage of patients with PD. Clearly, this integrated approach provides new opportunities for remote monitoring of the stage of patients with PD, contributing to a more efficient organization and set up of personalized interventions. |
Author | Mahboobeh, Dunia J Hadjileontiadis, Leontios J Dias, Sofia B Khandoker, Ahsan H |
AuthorAffiliation | 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates 1 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates 5 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece 2 CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal 4 Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates – name: 1 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates – name: 2 CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal – name: 4 Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates – name: 5 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Dunia J surname: Mahboobeh fullname: Mahboobeh, Dunia J organization: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates – sequence: 2 givenname: Sofia B surname: Dias fullname: Dias, Sofia B organization: CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal – sequence: 3 givenname: Ahsan H surname: Khandoker fullname: Khandoker, Ahsan H organization: Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates – sequence: 4 givenname: Leontios J surname: Hadjileontiadis fullname: Hadjileontiadis, Leontios J organization: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece |
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Cites_doi | 10.1186/s12984-017-0270-x 10.3390/s19051129 10.3389/fcomp.2020.00020 10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105442 10.1080/09638288.2021.2022780 10.1002/mds.22340 10.2522/ptj.20070265 10.3138/ptc.2011-26 10.1016/j.entcom.2011.03.008 10.1109/JBHI.2014.2312180 10.1136/jnnp.2007.131045 10.1109/JBHI.2014.2378814 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.01.008 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.612835 10.1109/ICASSP39728.2021.9414840 10.1002/mds.20213 10.1371/journal.pone.0166532 10.3389/fncom.2018.00072 10.21037/atm.2016.03.09 10.1371/journal.pone.0177678 10.2196/19037 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.09.005 10.1145/3316782.3322765 10.1109/JSEN.2013.2296509 10.1080/00031305.1992.10475879 10.1186/1743-0003-11-33 10.1109/TCIAIG.2014.2368392 10.1109/EMBC.2015.7318601 10.1371/journal.pone.0170906 10.1145/3316782.3322757 10.1002/mds.20916 10.1198/106186006X94072 10.5604/12321966.1232774 10.1111/jcal.12405 10.1002/mds.26424 10.1007/BF00994018 |
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Copyright | Copyright © 2022 Mahboobeh, Dias, Khandoker and Hadjileontiadis. Copyright © 2022 Mahboobeh, Dias, Khandoker and Hadjileontiadis. 2022 Mahboobeh, Dias, Khandoker and Hadjileontiadis |
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Keywords | Parkinson's Disease (PD) intelligent Motor Assessment Tests (iMAT) PD staging i-PROGNOSIS machine learning (KNN SVM RF) Personalized Serious Game Suite (PGS) |
Language | English |
License | Copyright © 2022 Mahboobeh, Dias, Khandoker and Hadjileontiadis. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
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SubjectTerms | i-PROGNOSIS intelligent Motor Assessment Tests (iMAT) machine learning (KNN SVM RF) Parkinson's Disease (PD) PD staging Personalized Serious Game Suite (PGS) Psychology |
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Title | Machine Learning-Based Analysis of Digital Movement Assessment and ExerGame Scores for Parkinson's Disease Severity Estimation |
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