Evolution of the Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Therapy System Technology for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

The vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) Therapy® System is the first FDA-approved medical device therapy for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. Over the past two decades, the technology has evolved through multiple iterations resulting in software-related updates and implantable lead and generator...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inFrontiers in medical technology Vol. 3; p. 696543
Main Authors Afra, Pegah, Adamolekun, Bola, Aydemir, Seyhmus, Watson, Glenn David Robert
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 26.08.2021
Subjects
drug-resistant epilepsy
medical device
Medical Technology
neuromodulation
vagus nerve stimulation
VNS
drug-resistant epilepsy
neuromodulation
VNS
vagus nerve stimulation
medical device
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Summary:The vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) Therapy® System is the first FDA-approved medical device therapy for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. Over the past two decades, the technology has evolved through multiple iterations resulting in software-related updates and implantable lead and generator hardware improvements. Healthcare providers today commonly encounter a range of single- and dual-pin generators (models 100, 101, 102, 102R, 103, 104, 105, 106, 1000) and related programming systems (models 250, 3000), all of which have their own subtle, but practical differences. It can therefore be a daunting task to go through the manuals of these implant models for comparison, some of which are not readily available. In this review, we highlight the technological evolution of the VNS Therapy System with respect to device approval milestones and provide a comparison of conventional open-loop vs. the latest closed-loop generator models. Battery longevity projections and an in-depth examination of stimulation mode interactions are also presented to further differentiate amongst generator models.
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This article was submitted to Diagnostic and Therapeutic Devices, a section of the journal Frontiers in Medical Technology
Reviewed by: Ali Abdul Latif, Welfare hospital, Iraq; Sanjay Raghav, Monash University, Australia
Edited by: Dinesh Kumar, RMIT University, Australia
ISSN:2673-3129
2673-3129
DOI:10.3389/fmedt.2021.696543