Leukocyte filtration to decrease the number of adherent leukocytes in the cerebral microcirculation after a period of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest
Cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic circulatory arrest induce a systemic inflammatory response, including a cascade of leukocyte and endothelial cell activity, during the postischemic reperfusion phase. Accumulation of leukocytes in the brain can lead to neurologic problems after cardiac surgery....
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Published in | The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery Vol. 132; no. 6; pp. 1339 - 1347.e1 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Philadelphia, PA
Mosby, Inc
01.12.2006
AATS/WTSA Elsevier |
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Abstract | Cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic circulatory arrest induce a systemic inflammatory response, including a cascade of leukocyte and endothelial cell activity, during the postischemic reperfusion phase. Accumulation of leukocytes in the brain can lead to neurologic problems after cardiac surgery. The beneficial effects of a leukocyte-depleting filter have been documented, but because of contradictory results the underlying function of the filter remains unclear.
Twenty-two juvenile piglets (6 to 8 weeks) were randomly assigned to undergo cardiopulmonary bypass with or without a leukocyte-depleting filter 60 minutes before and 60 minutes after a 75-minute hypothermic circulatory arrest at 18°C. The cerebral vessels were visualized with intravital microscopy through a cranial window placed over the parietal cortex. Rhodamine staining was used to observe adherent and rolling leukocytes in the cerebral postcapillary venules. The animals were electively killed 1 hour after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass.
There were no significant differences between the study groups regarding hemodynamic data. Numbers of adherent activated leukocytes were lower in the leukocyte filtration group, reaching borderline statistical significance when assessed throughout the experiment (between-groups
P = .069) and actual statistical significance when assessed during the rewarming period (between-groups
P = .029).
The leukocyte-depleting filter succeeded in reducing the number of adherent leukocytes during the reperfusion period in an experimental operation with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Such a filter thus could mitigate cerebral reperfusion injury after cardiac surgery. |
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AbstractList | Cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic circulatory arrest induce a systemic inflammatory response, including a cascade of leukocyte and endothelial cell activity, during the postischemic reperfusion phase. Accumulation of leukocytes in the brain can lead to neurologic problems after cardiac surgery. The beneficial effects of a leukocyte-depleting filter have been documented, but because of contradictory results the underlying function of the filter remains unclear.
Twenty-two juvenile piglets (6 to 8 weeks) were randomly assigned to undergo cardiopulmonary bypass with or without a leukocyte-depleting filter 60 minutes before and 60 minutes after a 75-minute hypothermic circulatory arrest at 18 degrees C. The cerebral vessels were visualized with intravital microscopy through a cranial window placed over the parietal cortex. Rhodamine staining was used to observe adherent and rolling leukocytes in the cerebral postcapillary venules. The animals were electively killed 1 hour after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass.
There were no significant differences between the study groups regarding hemodynamic data. Numbers of adherent activated leukocytes were lower in the leukocyte filtration group, reaching borderline statistical significance when assessed throughout the experiment (between-groups P = .069) and actual statistical significance when assessed during the rewarming period (between-groups P = .029).
The leukocyte-depleting filter succeeded in reducing the number of adherent leukocytes during the reperfusion period in an experimental operation with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Such a filter thus could mitigate cerebral reperfusion injury after cardiac surgery. OBJECTIVECardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic circulatory arrest induce a systemic inflammatory response, including a cascade of leukocyte and endothelial cell activity, during the postischemic reperfusion phase. Accumulation of leukocytes in the brain can lead to neurologic problems after cardiac surgery. The beneficial effects of a leukocyte-depleting filter have been documented, but because of contradictory results the underlying function of the filter remains unclear.METHODSTwenty-two juvenile piglets (6 to 8 weeks) were randomly assigned to undergo cardiopulmonary bypass with or without a leukocyte-depleting filter 60 minutes before and 60 minutes after a 75-minute hypothermic circulatory arrest at 18 degrees C. The cerebral vessels were visualized with intravital microscopy through a cranial window placed over the parietal cortex. Rhodamine staining was used to observe adherent and rolling leukocytes in the cerebral postcapillary venules. The animals were electively killed 1 hour after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass.RESULTSThere were no significant differences between the study groups regarding hemodynamic data. Numbers of adherent activated leukocytes were lower in the leukocyte filtration group, reaching borderline statistical significance when assessed throughout the experiment (between-groups P = .069) and actual statistical significance when assessed during the rewarming period (between-groups P = .029).CONCLUSIONThe leukocyte-depleting filter succeeded in reducing the number of adherent leukocytes during the reperfusion period in an experimental operation with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Such a filter thus could mitigate cerebral reperfusion injury after cardiac surgery. Cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic circulatory arrest induce a systemic inflammatory response, including a cascade of leukocyte and endothelial cell activity, during the postischemic reperfusion phase. Accumulation of leukocytes in the brain can lead to neurologic problems after cardiac surgery. The beneficial effects of a leukocyte-depleting filter have been documented, but because of contradictory results the underlying function of the filter remains unclear. Twenty-two juvenile piglets (6 to 8 weeks) were randomly assigned to undergo cardiopulmonary bypass with or without a leukocyte-depleting filter 60 minutes before and 60 minutes after a 75-minute hypothermic circulatory arrest at 18°C. The cerebral vessels were visualized with intravital microscopy through a cranial window placed over the parietal cortex. Rhodamine staining was used to observe adherent and rolling leukocytes in the cerebral postcapillary venules. The animals were electively killed 1 hour after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. There were no significant differences between the study groups regarding hemodynamic data. Numbers of adherent activated leukocytes were lower in the leukocyte filtration group, reaching borderline statistical significance when assessed throughout the experiment (between-groups P = .069) and actual statistical significance when assessed during the rewarming period (between-groups P = .029). The leukocyte-depleting filter succeeded in reducing the number of adherent leukocytes during the reperfusion period in an experimental operation with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Such a filter thus could mitigate cerebral reperfusion injury after cardiac surgery. |
Author | Mäkelä, Jussi Kiviluoma, Kai Niemelä, Eija Dahlbacka, Sebastian Kaakinen, Timo Alaoja, Hanna Laurila, Päivi Juvonen, Tatu Anttila, Vesa |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hanna surname: Alaoja fullname: Alaoja, Hanna email: halaoja@student.oulu.fi organization: Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland – sequence: 2 givenname: Eija surname: Niemelä fullname: Niemelä, Eija organization: Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland – sequence: 3 givenname: Vesa surname: Anttila fullname: Anttila, Vesa organization: Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland – sequence: 4 givenname: Sebastian surname: Dahlbacka fullname: Dahlbacka, Sebastian organization: Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland – sequence: 5 givenname: Jussi surname: Mäkelä fullname: Mäkelä, Jussi organization: Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland – sequence: 6 givenname: Kai surname: Kiviluoma fullname: Kiviluoma, Kai organization: Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland – sequence: 7 givenname: Päivi surname: Laurila fullname: Laurila, Päivi organization: Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland – sequence: 8 givenname: Timo surname: Kaakinen fullname: Kaakinen, Timo organization: Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland – sequence: 9 givenname: Tatu surname: Juvonen fullname: Juvonen, Tatu organization: Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland |
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Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.07.061 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48386.x 10.1007/PL00000316 10.1146/annurev.iy.11.040193.004003 10.1111/j.1540-8191.2002.tb01185.x 10.1159/000026331 10.1016/S1010-7940(97)00095-X 10.1016/S1010-7940(03)00337-3 10.1177/026765919601100104 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.01.037 10.1126/science.1718038 10.1067/mtc.2002.119065 10.1084/jem.178.2.449 10.1038/jcbfm.1992.86 10.1067/mtc.2000.111050 10.1080/14017430510035943 10.1067/mtc.2000.107126 10.1016/0167-5699(92)90149-2 |
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Keywords | 19 25 CPB HCA Heart Prisoner Filtration Carceral environment Arrest Leukocyte Period Thorax Encephalon Microcirculation Treatment Decrease Number Surgery Legal aspect |
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Snippet | Cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic circulatory arrest induce a systemic inflammatory response, including a cascade of leukocyte and endothelial cell... OBJECTIVECardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic circulatory arrest induce a systemic inflammatory response, including a cascade of leukocyte and endothelial... |
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SubjectTerms | Animals Biological and medical sciences Brain - blood supply Cardiopulmonary Bypass Cell Adhesion Cerebrovascular Circulation Circulatory Arrest, Deep Hypothermia Induced Leukocyte Reduction Procedures Leukocytes - physiology Medical sciences Microcirculation Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases Surgery of the heart Swine |
Title | Leukocyte filtration to decrease the number of adherent leukocytes in the cerebral microcirculation after a period of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest |
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