Why are there not more herbicide-tolerant crops?
Herbicide-tolerant (HT) varieties of corn, soybean, canola (oilseed rape) and cotton have been grown since the mid-1990s, and have been widely adopted by farmers in several countries. HT genes have been inserted into or selected for in many other species, including almost all major crop species in t...
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Published in | Pest management science Vol. 61; no. 3; pp. 312 - 317 |
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Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article Conference Proceeding |
Language | English |
Published |
Chichester, UK
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
01.03.2005
Wiley Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
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Abstract | Herbicide-tolerant (HT) varieties of corn, soybean, canola (oilseed rape) and cotton have been grown since the mid-1990s, and have been widely adopted by farmers in several countries. HT genes have been inserted into or selected for in many other species, including almost all major crop species in the world and many minor crops and ornamental species. In some cases this has been done specifically to introduce the HT trait, whereas in others the HT gene has been used as a selectable marker (eg the bar gene, conferring glufosinate-ammonium tolerance). However, in very few cases have the HT crops generated been commercialized, despite the weed-control advantages that many such crops would offer. There are several reasons for this, including the high research and development costs associated with developing the new HT crop cultivars, the high cost of obtaining regulatory clearance for the HT crops or products derived from them, international trade issues relating to genetically modified crops, and issues surrounding the expanded herbicide registration for the new use and the potential impact of this on the existing registration status of the herbicide. New HT crops are unlikely to be developed unless they offer a sufficiently large advantage to farmers and a substantial assured market to justify the associated development and regulatory costs. |
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AbstractList | Herbicide-tolerant (HT) varieties of corn, soybean, canola (oilseed rape) and cotton have been grown since the mid-1990s, and have been widely adopted by farmers in several countries. HT genes have been inserted into or selected for in many other species, including almost all major crop species in the world and many minor crops and ornamental species. In some cases this has been done specifically to introduce the HT trait, whereas in others the HT gene has been used as a selectable marker (eg the bar gene, conferring glufosinate-ammonium tolerance). However, in very few cases have the HT crops generated been commercialized, despite the weed-control advantages that many such crops would offer. There are several reasons for this, including the high research and development costs associated with developing the new HT crop cultivars, the high cost of obtaining regulatory clearance for the HT crops or products derived from them, international trade issues relating to genetically modified crops, and issues surrounding the expanded herbicide registration for the new use and the potential impact of this on the existing registration status of the herbicide. New HT crops are unlikely to be developed unless they offer a sufficiently large advantage to farmers and a substantial assured market to justify the associated development and regulatory costs. Abstract Herbicide‐tolerant (HT) varieties of corn, soybean, canola (oilseed rape) and cotton have been grown since the mid‐1990s, and have been widely adopted by farmers in several countries. HT genes have been inserted into or selected for in many other species, including almost all major crop species in the world and many minor crops and ornamental species. In some cases this has been done specifically to introduce the HT trait, whereas in others the HT gene has been used as a selectable marker (eg the bar gene, conferring glufosinate‐ammonium tolerance). However, in very few cases have the HT crops generated been commercialized, despite the weed‐control advantages that many such crops would offer. There are several reasons for this, including the high research and development costs associated with developing the new HT crop cultivars, the high cost of obtaining regulatory clearance for the HT crops or products derived from them, international trade issues relating to genetically modified crops, and issues surrounding the expanded herbicide registration for the new use and the potential impact of this on the existing registration status of the herbicide. New HT crops are unlikely to be developed unless they offer a sufficiently large advantage to farmers and a substantial assured market to justify the associated development and regulatory costs. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry Herbicide-tolerant (HT) varieties of corn, soybean, canola (oilseed rape) and cotton have been grown since the mid-1990s, and have been widely adopted by farmers in several countries. HT genes have been inserted into or selected for in many other species, including almost all major crop species in the world and many minor crops and ornamental species. In some cases this has been done specifically to introduce the HT trait, whereas in others the HT gene has been used as a selectable marker (eg the bar gene, conferring glufosinate-ammonium tolerance). However, in very few cases have the HT crops generated been commercialized, despite the weed-control advantages that many such crops would offer. There are several reasons for this, including the high research and development costs associated with developing the new HT crop cultivars, the high cost of obtaining regulatory clearance for the HT crops or products derived from them, international trade issues relating to genetically modified crops, and issues surrounding the expanded herbicide registration for the new use and the potential impact of this on the existing registration status of the herbicide. New HT crops are unlikely to be developed unless they offer a sufficiently large advantage to farmers and a substantial assured market to justify the associated development and regulatory costs. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Herbicide-tolerant (HT) varieties of corn, soybean, and other crops have been widely adopted by farmers since the mid-1990s. HT genes have been inserted into or selected in many other species, but in very few cases have the HT crops generated been commercialized, despite apparent weed control advantages. Lack of commercialization is ascribed to the high R&D costs incurred by new cultivar development, high costs of obtaining regulatory clearance for the HT crops or products derived from them, and international trade issues pertaining to genetically modified crops. Mew HT crops are unlikely to be developed unless they offer a sufficiently large advantage to farmers and a substantial assured market to justify the associated development and regulatory costs. Herbicide‐tolerant (HT) varieties of corn, soybean, canola (oilseed rape) and cotton have been grown since the mid‐1990s, and have been widely adopted by farmers in several countries. HT genes have been inserted into or selected for in many other species, including almost all major crop species in the world and many minor crops and ornamental species. In some cases this has been done specifically to introduce the HT trait, whereas in others the HT gene has been used as a selectable marker (eg the bar gene, conferring glufosinate‐ammonium tolerance). However, in very few cases have the HT crops generated been commercialized, despite the weed‐control advantages that many such crops would offer. There are several reasons for this, including the high research and development costs associated with developing the new HT crop cultivars, the high cost of obtaining regulatory clearance for the HT crops or products derived from them, international trade issues relating to genetically modified crops, and issues surrounding the expanded herbicide registration for the new use and the potential impact of this on the existing registration status of the herbicide. New HT crops are unlikely to be developed unless they offer a sufficiently large advantage to farmers and a substantial assured market to justify the associated development and regulatory costs. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry |
Author | Devine, Malcolm D |
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Cites_doi | 10.1139/g80-021 10.1002/ps.1008 10.1201/9781420039085.ch0 10.2135/cropsci1988.0011183X002800060012x 10.1126/science.242.4877.419 10.1002/ps.975 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02537.x 10.1126/science.222.4630.1346 10.1002/ps.993 |
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Keywords | glufosinate resistance herbicide-tolerant crops Pesticides Organic phosphinate Organic phosphonate Systemic Transgenic plant Pesticide resistance Glyphosate glyphosate resistance Herbicide |
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Snippet | Herbicide-tolerant (HT) varieties of corn, soybean, canola (oilseed rape) and cotton have been grown since the mid-1990s, and have been widely adopted by... Herbicide‐tolerant (HT) varieties of corn, soybean, canola (oilseed rape) and cotton have been grown since the mid‐1990s, and have been widely adopted by... Abstract Herbicide‐tolerant (HT) varieties of corn, soybean, canola (oilseed rape) and cotton have been grown since the mid‐1990s, and have been widely adopted... Herbicide-tolerant (HT) varieties of corn, soybean, and other crops have been widely adopted by farmers since the mid-1990s. HT genes have been inserted into... |
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SubjectTerms | Agribusiness Agriculture - economics Agriculture - legislation & jurisprudence Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Biological and medical sciences Brassica napus var. napus canola Chemical control corn cotton Crop science Crops, Agricultural - drug effects Crops, Agricultural - economics Crops, Agricultural - genetics Drug Resistance - genetics Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genetic engineering Genetic engineering applications Genetics and breeding of economic plants glufosinate glufosinate resistance Glycine max glyphosate glyphosate resistance Gossypium hirsutum Helianthus annuus herbicide resistance herbicide-tolerant crops Herbicides Herbicides - pharmacology literature reviews Oryza sativa Parasitic plants. Weeds Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection plant breeding Plant breeding: fundamental aspects and methodology Plants, Genetically Modified - drug effects Research - economics rice soybeans Time Factors transgenic plants Triticum aestivum weed control Weeds wheat Zea mays |
Title | Why are there not more herbicide-tolerant crops? |
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