Sports concussion assessment: the effect of exercise on dynamic and static balance
This study determined the effect of exercise on measures of static and dynamic balance used in the assessment of sports‐related concussion (SRC). A balanced three‐group cross‐over randomized design was used with three levels of exercise verified by blood‐lactate, heart rate and “perceived‐exertion”:...
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| Published in | Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 85 - 90 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.02.2012
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | This study determined the effect of exercise on measures of static and dynamic balance used in the assessment of sports‐related concussion (SRC). A balanced three‐group cross‐over randomized design was used with three levels of exercise verified by blood‐lactate, heart rate and “perceived‐exertion”: no exercise/rest (NE), moderate‐intensity exercise (ME), and high‐intensity exercise (HE). Participants performed two timed balance tasks: tandem gait (TG) and single‐leg stance (SLS); pre‐ and post‐exercise and 15 min after exercise. Linear mixed‐models with adjusted means and contrasts compared exercise effects. Ninety asymptomatic participants (45♂:45♀) were recruited. When times were contrasted with NE; HE resulted in a significant decrease in SLS (P<0.001) and TG (P<0.001) performance immediately following exercise. Fifteen minutes of recovery improved SLS (P<0.001) and TG (P=0.011) from post‐exercise performance. ME caused a significant decrease in performance in SLS (P=0.038) but not TG (P=0.428). No statistically significant change occurred following ME in any tasks after 15‐min recovery (SLS P=0.064; TG P=0.495). Test–retest reliability was considerably higher for the dynamic task compared with the static task. The reliability of static and dynamic balance tasks, and the change in performance following exercise, have implications for the immediate assessment of SRC, as these measures are utilized in concussion assessment instruments. |
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| AbstractList | This study determined the effect of exercise on measures of static and dynamic balance used in the assessment of sports-related concussion (SRC). A balanced three-group cross-over randomized design was used with three levels of exercise verified by blood-lactate, heart rate and "perceived-exertion": no exercise/rest (NE), moderate-intensity exercise (ME), and high-intensity exercise (HE). Participants performed two timed balance tasks: tandem gait (TG) and single-leg stance (SLS); pre- and post-exercise and 15 min after exercise. Linear mixed-models with adjusted means and contrasts compared exercise effects. Ninety asymptomatic participants (45♂:45♀) were recruited. When times were contrasted with NE; HE resulted in a significant decrease in SLS (P<0.001) and TG (P<0.001) performance immediately following exercise. Fifteen minutes of recovery improved SLS (P<0.001) and TG (P=0.011) from post-exercise performance. ME caused a significant decrease in performance in SLS (P=0.038) but not TG (P=0.428). No statistically significant change occurred following ME in any tasks after 15-min recovery (SLS P=0.064; TG P=0.495). Test-retest reliability was considerably higher for the dynamic task compared with the static task. The reliability of static and dynamic balance tasks, and the change in performance following exercise, have implications for the immediate assessment of SRC, as these measures are utilized in concussion assessment instruments. This study determined the effect of exercise on measures of static and dynamic balance used in the assessment of sports‐related concussion (SRC). A balanced three‐group cross‐over randomized design was used with three levels of exercise verified by blood‐lactate, heart rate and “perceived‐exertion”: no exercise/rest (NE), moderate‐intensity exercise (ME), and high‐intensity exercise (HE). Participants performed two timed balance tasks: tandem gait (TG) and single‐leg stance (SLS); pre‐ and post‐exercise and 15 min after exercise. Linear mixed‐models with adjusted means and contrasts compared exercise effects. Ninety asymptomatic participants (45♂:45♀) were recruited. When times were contrasted with NE; HE resulted in a significant decrease in SLS ( P <0.001) and TG ( P <0.001) performance immediately following exercise. Fifteen minutes of recovery improved SLS ( P <0.001) and TG ( P =0.011) from post‐exercise performance. ME caused a significant decrease in performance in SLS ( P =0.038) but not TG ( P =0.428). No statistically significant change occurred following ME in any tasks after 15‐min recovery (SLS P =0.064; TG P =0.495). Test–retest reliability was considerably higher for the dynamic task compared with the static task. The reliability of static and dynamic balance tasks, and the change in performance following exercise, have implications for the immediate assessment of SRC, as these measures are utilized in concussion assessment instruments. This study determined the effect of exercise on measures of static and dynamic balance used in the assessment of sports-related concussion (SRC). A balanced three-group cross-over randomized design was used with three levels of exercise verified by blood-lactate, heart rate and "perceived-exertion": no exercise/rest (NE), moderate-intensity exercise (ME), and high-intensity exercise (HE). Participants performed two timed balance tasks: tandem gait (TG) and single-leg stance (SLS); pre- and post-exercise and 15min after exercise. Linear mixed-models with adjusted means and contrasts compared exercise effects. Ninety asymptomatic participants (45:45) were recruited. When times were contrasted with NE; HE resulted in a significant decrease in SLS (P <0.001) and TG (P <0.001) performance immediately following exercise. Fifteen minutes of recovery improved SLS (P <0.001) and TG (P =0.011) from post-exercise performance. ME caused a significant decrease in performance in SLS (P =0.038) but not TG (P =0.428). No statistically significant change occurred following ME in any tasks after 15-min recovery (SLS P =0.064; TG P =0.495). Test-retest reliability was considerably higher for the dynamic task compared with the static task. The reliability of static and dynamic balance tasks, and the change in performance following exercise, have implications for the immediate assessment of SRC, as these measures are utilized in concussion assessment instruments. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] This study determined the effect of exercise on measures of static and dynamic balance used in the assessment of sports-related concussion (SRC). A balanced three-group cross-over randomized design was used with three levels of exercise verified by blood-lactate, heart rate and "perceived-exertion": no exercise/rest (NE), moderate-intensity exercise (ME), and high-intensity exercise (HE). Participants performed two timed balance tasks: tandem gait (TG) and single-leg stance (SLS); pre- and post-exercise and 15min after exercise. Linear mixed-models with adjusted means and contrasts compared exercise effects. Ninety asymptomatic participants (45[male:45[female]) were recruited. When times were contrasted with NE; HE resulted in a significant decrease in SLS (P<0.001) and TG (P<0.001) performance immediately following exercise. Fifteen minutes of recovery improved SLS (P<0.001) and TG (P=0.011) from post-exercise performance. ME caused a significant decrease in performance in SLS (P=0.038) but not TG (P=0.428). No statistically significant change occurred following ME in any tasks after 15-min recovery (SLS P=0.064; TG P=0.495). Test-retest reliability was considerably higher for the dynamic task compared with the static task. The reliability of static and dynamic balance tasks, and the change in performance following exercise, have implications for the immediate assessment of SRC, as these measures are utilized in concussion assessment instruments. This study determined the effect of exercise on measures of static and dynamic balance used in the assessment of sports-related concussion (SRC). A balanced three-group cross-over randomized design was used with three levels of exercise verified by blood-lactate, heart rate and "perceived-exertion": no exercise/rest (NE), moderate-intensity exercise (ME), and high-intensity exercise (HE). Participants performed two timed balance tasks: tandem gait (TG) and single-leg stance (SLS); pre- and post-exercise and 15 min after exercise. Linear mixed-models with adjusted means and contrasts compared exercise effects. Ninety asymptomatic participants (45♂:45♀) were recruited. When times were contrasted with NE; HE resulted in a significant decrease in SLS (P<0.001) and TG (P<0.001) performance immediately following exercise. Fifteen minutes of recovery improved SLS (P<0.001) and TG (P=0.011) from post-exercise performance. ME caused a significant decrease in performance in SLS (P=0.038) but not TG (P=0.428). No statistically significant change occurred following ME in any tasks after 15-min recovery (SLS P=0.064; TG P=0.495). Test-retest reliability was considerably higher for the dynamic task compared with the static task. The reliability of static and dynamic balance tasks, and the change in performance following exercise, have implications for the immediate assessment of SRC, as these measures are utilized in concussion assessment instruments. |
| Author | Gray, A. McCrory, P. R. Schneiders, A. G. Sullivan, S. J. Handcock, P. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: A. G. surname: Schneiders fullname: Schneiders, A. G. organization: Center for Physiotherapy Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand – sequence: 2 givenname: S. J. surname: Sullivan fullname: Sullivan, S. J. organization: Center for Physiotherapy Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand – sequence: 3 givenname: P. surname: Handcock fullname: Handcock, P. organization: School of Physical Education, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand – sequence: 4 givenname: A. surname: Gray fullname: Gray, A. organization: Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand – sequence: 5 givenname: P. R. surname: McCrory fullname: McCrory, P. R. organization: Center for Health and Exercise Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20561282$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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(e_1_2_7_10_1) 2001; 11 Susco TM (e_1_2_7_29_1) 2004; 39 McCrory P (e_1_2_7_17_1) 2009; 43 e_1_2_7_25_1 e_1_2_7_31_1 e_1_2_7_24_1 e_1_2_7_32_1 e_1_2_7_23_1 e_1_2_7_34_1 Crowell DH (e_1_2_7_4_1) 2001; 36 e_1_2_7_21_1 e_1_2_7_20_1 Thomas JR (e_1_2_7_30_1) 1975; 7 Onate JA (e_1_2_7_22_1) 2007; 42 |
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| Title | Sports concussion assessment: the effect of exercise on dynamic and static balance |
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