Select Flavonoids and Whole Juice From Purple Grapes Inhibit Platelet Function and Enhance Nitric Oxide Release
Background —Moderate red wine consumption is inversely associated with coronary ischemia, and both red wine and purple grape juice (PGJ) contain flavonoids with antioxidant and antiplatelet properties believed to be protective against cardiovascular events. Acute cardiac events are also associated w...
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| Published in | Circulation (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 103; no. 23; pp. 2792 - 2798 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Hagerstown, MD
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
12.06.2001
American Heart Association, Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0009-7322 1524-4539 1524-4539 |
| DOI | 10.1161/01.CIR.103.23.2792 |
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| Abstract | Background
—Moderate red wine consumption is inversely associated with coronary ischemia, and both red wine and purple grape juice (PGJ) contain flavonoids with antioxidant and antiplatelet properties believed to be protective against cardiovascular events. Acute cardiac events are also associated with decreased platelet-derived nitric oxide (NO) release. In this study, the effects of PGJ and PGJ-derived flavonoids on platelet function and platelet NO production were determined.
Methods and Results
—Incubation of platelets with dilute PGJ led to inhibition of aggregation, enhanced release of platelet-derived NO, and decreased superoxide production. To confirm the in vivo relevance of these findings, 20 healthy subjects consumed 7 mL · kg
−1
· d
−1
of PGJ for 14 days. Platelet aggregation was inhibited after PGJ supplementation, platelet-derived NO production increased from 3.5±1.2 to 6.0±1.5 pmol/10
8
platelets, and superoxide release decreased from 29.5±5.0 to 19.2±3.1 arbitrary units (
P
<0.007 and
P
<0.05, respectively). α-Tocopherol levels increased significantly after PGJ consumption (from 15.6±0.7 to 17.6±0.9 μmol/L;
P
<0.009), and the plasma protein–independent antioxidant activity increased by 50.0% (
P
<0.05). Last, incubation of platelets with select flavonoid fractions isolated from PGJ consistently attenuated superoxide levels but had variable effects on whole-blood aggregation, platelet aggregation, and NO release.
Conclusions
—Both in vitro incubation and oral supplementation with PGJ decrease platelet aggregation, increase platelet-derived NO release, and decrease superoxide production. These findings may be a result of antioxidant-sparing and/or direct effects of select flavonoids found in PGJ. The suppression of platelet-mediated thrombosis represents a potential mechanism for the beneficial effects of purple grape products, independent of alcohol consumption, in cardiovascular disease. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Background
—Moderate red wine consumption is inversely associated with coronary ischemia, and both red wine and purple grape juice (PGJ) contain flavonoids with antioxidant and antiplatelet properties believed to be protective against cardiovascular events. Acute cardiac events are also associated with decreased platelet-derived nitric oxide (NO) release. In this study, the effects of PGJ and PGJ-derived flavonoids on platelet function and platelet NO production were determined.
Methods and Results
—Incubation of platelets with dilute PGJ led to inhibition of aggregation, enhanced release of platelet-derived NO, and decreased superoxide production. To confirm the in vivo relevance of these findings, 20 healthy subjects consumed 7 mL · kg
−1
· d
−1
of PGJ for 14 days. Platelet aggregation was inhibited after PGJ supplementation, platelet-derived NO production increased from 3.5±1.2 to 6.0±1.5 pmol/10
8
platelets, and superoxide release decreased from 29.5±5.0 to 19.2±3.1 arbitrary units (
P
<0.007 and
P
<0.05, respectively). α-Tocopherol levels increased significantly after PGJ consumption (from 15.6±0.7 to 17.6±0.9 μmol/L;
P
<0.009), and the plasma protein–independent antioxidant activity increased by 50.0% (
P
<0.05). Last, incubation of platelets with select flavonoid fractions isolated from PGJ consistently attenuated superoxide levels but had variable effects on whole-blood aggregation, platelet aggregation, and NO release.
Conclusions
—Both in vitro incubation and oral supplementation with PGJ decrease platelet aggregation, increase platelet-derived NO release, and decrease superoxide production. These findings may be a result of antioxidant-sparing and/or direct effects of select flavonoids found in PGJ. The suppression of platelet-mediated thrombosis represents a potential mechanism for the beneficial effects of purple grape products, independent of alcohol consumption, in cardiovascular disease. Moderate red wine consumption is inversely associated with coronary ischemia, and both red wine and purple grape juice (PGJ) contain flavonoids with antioxidant and antiplatelet properties believed to be protective against cardiovascular events. Acute cardiac events are also associated with decreased platelet-derived nitric oxide (NO) release. In this study, the effects of PGJ and PGJ-derived flavonoids on platelet function and platelet NO production were determined. Incubation of platelets with dilute PGJ led to inhibition of aggregation, enhanced release of platelet-derived NO, and decreased superoxide production. To confirm the in vivo relevance of these findings, 20 healthy subjects consumed 7 mL. kg(-1). d(-1) of PGJ for 14 days. Platelet aggregation was inhibited after PGJ supplementation, platelet-derived NO production increased from 3.5+/-1.2 to 6.0+/-1.5 pmol/10(8) platelets, and superoxide release decreased from 29.5+/-5.0 to 19.2+/-3.1 arbitrary units (P<0.007 and P<0.05, respectively). alpha-Tocopherol levels increased significantly after PGJ consumption (from 15.6+/-0.7 to 17.6+/-0.9 micromol/L; P<0.009), and the plasma protein-independent antioxidant activity increased by 50.0% (P<0.05). Last, incubation of platelets with select flavonoid fractions isolated from PGJ consistently attenuated superoxide levels but had variable effects on whole-blood aggregation, platelet aggregation, and NO release. Both in vitro incubation and oral supplementation with PGJ decrease platelet aggregation, increase platelet-derived NO release, and decrease superoxide production. These findings may be a result of antioxidant-sparing and/or direct effects of select flavonoids found in PGJ. The suppression of platelet-mediated thrombosis represents a potential mechanism for the beneficial effects of purple grape products, independent of alcohol consumption, in cardiovascular disease. Moderate red wine consumption is inversely associated with coronary ischemia, and both red wine and purple grape juice (PGJ) contain flavonoids with antioxidant and antiplatelet properties believed to be protective against cardiovascular events. Acute cardiac events are also associated with decreased platelet-derived nitric oxide (NO) release. In this study, the effects of PGJ and PGJ-derived flavonoids on platelet function and platelet NO production were determined.BACKGROUNDModerate red wine consumption is inversely associated with coronary ischemia, and both red wine and purple grape juice (PGJ) contain flavonoids with antioxidant and antiplatelet properties believed to be protective against cardiovascular events. Acute cardiac events are also associated with decreased platelet-derived nitric oxide (NO) release. In this study, the effects of PGJ and PGJ-derived flavonoids on platelet function and platelet NO production were determined.Incubation of platelets with dilute PGJ led to inhibition of aggregation, enhanced release of platelet-derived NO, and decreased superoxide production. To confirm the in vivo relevance of these findings, 20 healthy subjects consumed 7 mL. kg(-1). d(-1) of PGJ for 14 days. Platelet aggregation was inhibited after PGJ supplementation, platelet-derived NO production increased from 3.5+/-1.2 to 6.0+/-1.5 pmol/10(8) platelets, and superoxide release decreased from 29.5+/-5.0 to 19.2+/-3.1 arbitrary units (P<0.007 and P<0.05, respectively). alpha-Tocopherol levels increased significantly after PGJ consumption (from 15.6+/-0.7 to 17.6+/-0.9 micromol/L; P<0.009), and the plasma protein-independent antioxidant activity increased by 50.0% (P<0.05). Last, incubation of platelets with select flavonoid fractions isolated from PGJ consistently attenuated superoxide levels but had variable effects on whole-blood aggregation, platelet aggregation, and NO release.METHODS AND RESULTSIncubation of platelets with dilute PGJ led to inhibition of aggregation, enhanced release of platelet-derived NO, and decreased superoxide production. To confirm the in vivo relevance of these findings, 20 healthy subjects consumed 7 mL. kg(-1). d(-1) of PGJ for 14 days. Platelet aggregation was inhibited after PGJ supplementation, platelet-derived NO production increased from 3.5+/-1.2 to 6.0+/-1.5 pmol/10(8) platelets, and superoxide release decreased from 29.5+/-5.0 to 19.2+/-3.1 arbitrary units (P<0.007 and P<0.05, respectively). alpha-Tocopherol levels increased significantly after PGJ consumption (from 15.6+/-0.7 to 17.6+/-0.9 micromol/L; P<0.009), and the plasma protein-independent antioxidant activity increased by 50.0% (P<0.05). Last, incubation of platelets with select flavonoid fractions isolated from PGJ consistently attenuated superoxide levels but had variable effects on whole-blood aggregation, platelet aggregation, and NO release.Both in vitro incubation and oral supplementation with PGJ decrease platelet aggregation, increase platelet-derived NO release, and decrease superoxide production. These findings may be a result of antioxidant-sparing and/or direct effects of select flavonoids found in PGJ. The suppression of platelet-mediated thrombosis represents a potential mechanism for the beneficial effects of purple grape products, independent of alcohol consumption, in cardiovascular disease.CONCLUSIONSBoth in vitro incubation and oral supplementation with PGJ decrease platelet aggregation, increase platelet-derived NO release, and decrease superoxide production. These findings may be a result of antioxidant-sparing and/or direct effects of select flavonoids found in PGJ. The suppression of platelet-mediated thrombosis represents a potential mechanism for the beneficial effects of purple grape products, independent of alcohol consumption, in cardiovascular disease. BACKGROUND: Moderate red wine consumption is inversely associated with coronary ischemia, and both red wine and purple grape juice (PGJ) contain flavonoids with antioxidant and antiplatelet properties believed to be protective against cardiovascular events. Acute cardiac events are also associated with decreased platelet-derived nitric oxide (NO) release. In this study, the effects of PGJ and PGJ-derived flavonoids on platelet function and platelet NO production were determined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Incubation of platelets with dilute PGJ led to inhibition of aggregation, enhanced release of platelet-derived NO, and decreased superoxide production. To confirm the in vivo relevance of these findings, 20 healthy subjects consumed 7 mL. kg(-1). d(-1) of PGJ for 14 days. Platelet aggregation was inhibited after PGJ supplementation, platelet-derived NO production increased from 3.5+/-1.2 to 6.0+/-1.5 pmol/10(8) platelets, and superoxide release decreased from 29.5+/-5.0 to 19.2+/-3.1 arbitrary units (P<0.007 and P<0.05, respectively). alpha-Tocopherol levels increased significantly after PGJ consumption (from 15.6+/-0.7 to 17.6+/-0.9 micromol/L; P<0.009), and the plasma protein-independent antioxidant activity increased by 50.0% (P<0.05). Last, incubation of platelets with select flavonoid fractions isolated from PGJ consistently attenuated superoxide levels but had variable effects on whole-blood aggregation, platelet aggregation, and NO release. CONCLUSIONS: Both in vitro incubation and oral supplementation with PGJ decrease platelet aggregation, increase platelet-derived NO release, and decrease superoxide production. These findings may be a result of antioxidant-sparing and/or direct effects of select flavonoids found in PGJ. The suppression of platelet-mediated thrombosis represents a potential mechanism for the beneficial effects of purple grape products, independent of alcohol consumption, in cardiovascular disease. |
| Author | Parker, Crawford Li, Liqing Folts, John D. Frei, Balz Ivanov, Vadim Freedman, Jane E. Perlman, Jacob A. Iafrati, Mark D. Deak, Leslie R. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jane E. surname: Freedman fullname: Freedman, Jane E. organization: From the Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (J.E.F., C.P., L.L., J.A.P., L.R.D.); Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, Ore (B.F., V.I.); Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (M.D.I.); and the University of Wisconsin, Madison (J.D.F.) – sequence: 2 givenname: Crawford surname: Parker fullname: Parker, Crawford organization: From the Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (J.E.F., C.P., L.L., J.A.P., L.R.D.); Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, Ore (B.F., V.I.); Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (M.D.I.); and the University of Wisconsin, Madison (J.D.F.) – sequence: 3 givenname: Liqing surname: Li fullname: Li, Liqing organization: From the Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (J.E.F., C.P., L.L., J.A.P., L.R.D.); Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, Ore (B.F., V.I.); Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (M.D.I.); and the University of Wisconsin, Madison (J.D.F.) – sequence: 4 givenname: Jacob A. surname: Perlman fullname: Perlman, Jacob A. organization: From the Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (J.E.F., C.P., L.L., J.A.P., L.R.D.); Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, Ore (B.F., V.I.); Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (M.D.I.); and the University of Wisconsin, Madison (J.D.F.) – sequence: 5 givenname: Balz surname: Frei fullname: Frei, Balz organization: From the Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (J.E.F., C.P., L.L., J.A.P., L.R.D.); Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, Ore (B.F., V.I.); Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (M.D.I.); and the University of Wisconsin, Madison (J.D.F.) – sequence: 6 givenname: Vadim surname: Ivanov fullname: Ivanov, Vadim organization: From the Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (J.E.F., C.P., L.L., J.A.P., L.R.D.); Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, Ore (B.F., V.I.); Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (M.D.I.); and the University of Wisconsin, Madison (J.D.F.) – sequence: 7 givenname: Leslie R. surname: Deak fullname: Deak, Leslie R. organization: From the Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (J.E.F., C.P., L.L., J.A.P., L.R.D.); Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, Ore (B.F., V.I.); Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (M.D.I.); and the University of Wisconsin, Madison (J.D.F.) – sequence: 8 givenname: Mark D. surname: Iafrati fullname: Iafrati, Mark D. organization: From the Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (J.E.F., C.P., L.L., J.A.P., L.R.D.); Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, Ore (B.F., V.I.); Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (M.D.I.); and the University of Wisconsin, Madison (J.D.F.) – sequence: 9 givenname: John D. surname: Folts fullname: Folts, John D. organization: From the Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC (J.E.F., C.P., L.L., J.A.P., L.R.D.); Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, Ore (B.F., V.I.); Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (M.D.I.); and the University of Wisconsin, Madison (J.D.F.) |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1059636$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11401934$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1152/ajpheart.1993.265.2.H774 10.1016/S0021-9150(97)00156-1 10.1161/circ.94.10.2434 10.1172/JCI108718 10.1093/jn/130.1.53 10.1172/JCI108613 10.1056/NEJM199312163292501 10.1055/s-2006-957448 10.1016/0140-6736(91)90542-W 10.1172/JCI116491 10.1136/hrt.50.2.127 10.1161/circ.98.15.1481 10.1073/pnas.86.16.6377 10.1016/S0076-6879(99)01069-1 10.1161/circ.91.4.1182 10.1016/0891-5849(93)90027-R 10.1172/JCI119540 10.1016/0002-9343(74)90747-5 10.1161/hyp.25.3.415 10.1161/res.84.12.1416 10.1002/jsfa.2740390102 10.1136/bmj.312.7033.731 10.1136/bmj.312.7029.478 10.1161/circ.80.1.2661053 10.1073/pnas.88.5.1646 10.7326/0003-4819-125-5-199609010-00005 10.1161/circ.100.10.1050 |
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| References | e_1_3_2_26_2 e_1_3_2_27_2 e_1_3_2_28_2 e_1_3_2_29_2 e_1_3_2_20_2 e_1_3_2_21_2 e_1_3_2_22_2 e_1_3_2_23_2 e_1_3_2_24_2 (e_1_3_2_33_2) 1988; 38 e_1_3_2_25_2 (e_1_3_2_3_2) 1992; 296 (e_1_3_2_32_2) 1992; 83 e_1_3_2_9_2 e_1_3_2_15_2 e_1_3_2_8_2 e_1_3_2_16_2 e_1_3_2_7_2 e_1_3_2_17_2 e_1_3_2_6_2 e_1_3_2_18_2 e_1_3_2_19_2 e_1_3_2_1_2 e_1_3_2_30_2 e_1_3_2_10_2 e_1_3_2_31_2 e_1_3_2_5_2 e_1_3_2_11_2 e_1_3_2_12_2 e_1_3_2_13_2 e_1_3_2_2_2 (e_1_3_2_14_2) 1999; 127 (e_1_3_2_4_2) 1979; 124 11864937 - Circulation. 2002 Feb 26;105(8):e53 |
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—Moderate red wine consumption is inversely associated with coronary ischemia, and both red wine and purple grape juice (PGJ) contain flavonoids... Moderate red wine consumption is inversely associated with coronary ischemia, and both red wine and purple grape juice (PGJ) contain flavonoids with... BACKGROUND: Moderate red wine consumption is inversely associated with coronary ischemia, and both red wine and purple grape juice (PGJ) contain flavonoids... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Antioxidants - metabolism Biological and medical sciences Blood Platelets - drug effects Blood Platelets - metabolism Cell Line Cell Separation Dietary Supplements Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Female Flavonoids - chemistry Flavonoids - pharmacology Fruit - chemistry General and cellular metabolism. Vitamins Humans Male Medical sciences Megakaryocytes - drug effects Megakaryocytes - enzymology Middle Aged Nitric Oxide - metabolism Nitric Oxide Synthase - metabolism Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III Pharmacology. Drug treatments Platelet Aggregation - drug effects Platelet Function Tests Protein Kinase C - metabolism Rosales Superoxides - metabolism Vitamin E - blood |
| Title | Select Flavonoids and Whole Juice From Purple Grapes Inhibit Platelet Function and Enhance Nitric Oxide Release |
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