Municipal wastewater treatment in China: Development history and future perspectives

The history of China's municipal wastewater management is revisited. The remaining challenges in wastewater sector in China are identified. New concept municipal wastewater treatment plants are highlighted. An integrated plant of energy, water and fertilizer recovery is envisaged. China has the...

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Published in	Frontiers of environmental science & engineering Vol. 13; no. 6; p. 88
Main Authors	Qu, Jiuhui, Wang, Hongchen, Wang, Kaijun, Yu, Gang, Ke, Bing, Yu, Han-Qing, Ren, Hongqiang, Zheng, Xingcan, Li, Ji, Li, Wen-Wei, Gao, Song, Gong, Hui
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Beijing Higher Education Press 01.12.2019 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects	China Earth and Environmental Science ecology Effluent standards energy Environment fertilizers humans issues and policy Management Municipal wastewater New Concept WWTP Policy Pollutant removal pollution control Process Review Article sewer systems Sewers Sludge Sludge disposal society Special Issue—China Urban Water Environment and Water Ecology Sustainable development Urban environments Wastewater discharges Wastewater management Wastewater treatment Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Wastewater treatment plants Water markets Water treatment China Policy Process New Concept WWTP Management Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) China
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Abstract	The history of China's municipal wastewater management is revisited. The remaining challenges in wastewater sector in China are identified. New concept municipal wastewater treatment plants are highlighted. An integrated plant of energy, water and fertilizer recovery is envisaged. China has the world's largest and still growing wastewater sector and water market, thus its future development will have profound influence on the world. The high-speed development of China's wastewater sector over the past 40 years has forged its global leading treatment capacity and innovation ability. However, many problems were left behind, including underdeveloped sewers and sludge disposal facilities, low sustainability of the treatment processes, questionable wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharge standards, and lacking global thinking on harmonious development between wastewater management, human society and the nature. Addressing these challenges calls for fundamental changes in target design, policy and technologies. In this mini-review, we revisit the development history of China's municipal wastewater management and identify the remaining challenges. Also, we highlight the future needs of sustainable development and exploring China's own wastewater management path, and outlook the future from several aspects including targets of wastewater management, policies and technologies, especially the new concept WWTP. Furthermore, we envisage the establishment of new-generation WWTPs with the vision of turning WWTP from a site of pollutant removal into a plant of energy, water and fertilizer recovery and an integrated part urban ecology in China.
AbstractList	The history of China's municipal wastewater management is revisited. The remaining challenges in wastewater sector in China are identified. New concept municipal wastewater treatment plants are highlighted. An integrated plant of energy, water and fertilizer recovery is envisaged. China has the world's largest and still growing wastewater sector and water market, thus its future development will have profound influence on the world. The high-speed development of China's wastewater sector over the past 40 years has forged its global leading treatment capacity and innovation ability. However, many problems were left behind, including underdeveloped sewers and sludge disposal facilities, low sustainability of the treatment processes, questionable wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharge standards, and lacking global thinking on harmonious development between wastewater management, human society and the nature. Addressing these challenges calls for fundamental changes in target design, policy and technologies. In this mini-review, we revisit the development history of China's municipal wastewater management and identify the remaining challenges. Also, we highlight the future needs of sustainable development and exploring China's own wastewater management path, and outlook the future from several aspects including targets of wastewater management, policies and technologies, especially the new concept WWTP. Furthermore, we envisage the establishment of new-generation WWTPs with the vision of turning WWTP from a site of pollutant removal into a plant of energy, water and fertilizer recovery and an integrated part urban ecology in China. China has the world’s largest and still growing wastewater sector and water market, thus its future development will have profound influence on the world. The high-speed development of China’s wastewater sector over the past 40 years has forged its global leading treatment capacity and innovation ability. However, many problems were left behind, including underdeveloped sewers and sludge disposal facilities, low sustainability of the treatment processes, questionable wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharge standards, and lacking global thinking on harmonious development between wastewater management, human society and the nature. Addressing these challenges calls for fundamental changes in target design, policy and technologies. In this mini-review, we revisit the development history of China’s municipal wastewater management and identify the remaining challenges. Also, we highlight the future needs of sustainable development and exploring China’s own wastewater management path, and outlook the future from several aspects including targets of wastewater management, policies and technologies, especially the new concept WWTP. Furthermore, we envisage the establishment of new-generation WWTPs with the vision of turning WWTP from a site of pollutant removal into a plant of energy, water and fertilizer recovery and an integrated part urban ecology in China.
ArticleNumber	88
Author	Zheng, Xingcan Yu, Han-Qing Li, Wen-Wei Wang, Hongchen Yu, Gang Wang, Kaijun Ren, Hongqiang Ke, Bing Li, Ji Qu, Jiuhui Gao, Song Gong, Hui
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jiuhui surname: Qu fullname: Qu, Jiuhui email: jhqu@rcees.ac.cn organization: Expert Committee for China's Concept WWTPs, Beijing 100044, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Hongchen surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Hongchen organization: Expert Committee for China's Concept WWTPs, Beijing 100044, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Kaijun surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Kaijun organization: Expert Committee for China's Concept WWTPs, Beijing 100044, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Gang surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Gang organization: Expert Committee for China's Concept WWTPs, Beijing 100044, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Bing surname: Ke fullname: Ke, Bing organization: Expert Committee for China's Concept WWTPs, Beijing 100044, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Han-Qing surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Han-Qing organization: Expert Committee for China's Concept WWTPs, Beijing 100044, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Hongqiang surname: Ren fullname: Ren, Hongqiang organization: Expert Committee for China's Concept WWTPs, Beijing 100044, China – sequence: 8 givenname: Xingcan surname: Zheng fullname: Zheng, Xingcan organization: Expert Committee for China's Concept WWTPs, Beijing 100044, China – sequence: 9 givenname: Ji surname: Li fullname: Li, Ji organization: Expert Committee for China's Concept WWTPs, Beijing 100044, China – sequence: 10 givenname: Wen-Wei surname: Li fullname: Li, Wen-Wei organization: CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China – sequence: 11 givenname: Song surname: Gao fullname: Gao, Song organization: Jiangsu (Yixing) Institute of Environmental Industry, Yixing 214200, China – sequence: 12 givenname: Hui surname: Gong fullname: Gong, Hui organization: School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Copyright	Copyright reserved, 2019, Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019.
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Constrctuion of new concept wastewater treatment plants in China. China Environmental News, 14 Dec., 2014 (in Chinese) – reference: BrundtlandG HOur Common Future—The Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development1987OxfordOxford University Press – reference: HansenM HLiHSvarverudREcological civilization: Interpreting the Chinese past, projecting the global futureGlobal Environmental Change20185319520310.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.09.014 – reference: McCartyP LBaeJKimJDomestic wastewater treatment as a net energy producer—Can this be achieved?Environmental Science & Technology20114517710071061:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXptlOrt7k%3D10.1021/es2014264 – reference: ShannonM ABohnP WElimelechMGeorgiadisJ GMarinasB JMayesA MScience and technology for water purification in the coming decadesNature200845271853013101:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjsFCns7s%3D10.1038/nature06599 – reference: The State CouncilThe 13th Five-Year Plan for the Construction of Urban Sewage Treatment and Recycling Facilities2016BeijingThe State Council of the People’s Republic of China(in Chinese) – reference: WangMGongHImbalanced development and economic burden for urban and rural wastewater treatment in China—discharge limit legislationSustainability2018108259710.3390/su10082597 – reference: HaoXBatstoneDGuestJ SCarbon neutrality: An ultimate goal towards sustainable wastewater treatment plantsWater Research2015874134151:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXitVShsL%2FJ10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.043 – reference: ZhangQ HYangW NNgoH HGuoW SJinP KDzakpasuMYangS JWangQWangX CAoDCurrent status of urban wastewater treatment plants in ChinaEnvironment International201692–93112210.1016/j.envint.2016.03.024 – reference: LuYSongSWangRLiuZMengJSweetmanA JJenkinsAFerrierR CLiHLuoWWangTImpacts of soil and water pollution on food safety and health risks in ChinaEnvironment International2015775151:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXit1CltL4%3D10.1016/j.envint.2014.12.010 – reference: YuCHuangXChenHGodfrayH C JWrightJ SHallJ WGongPNiSQiaoSHuangGXiaoYZhangJFengZJuXCiaisPStensethN CHessenD OSunZYuLCaiWFuHHuangXZhangCLiuHTaylorJManaging nitrogen to restore water quality in ChinaNature201956777495165201:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXmslKnsbc%3D10.1038/s41586-019-1001-1 – volume: 53 start-page: 195 year: 2018 ident: 1172_CR2 publication-title: Global Environmental Change doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.09.014 – volume: 100 start-page: 5537 issue: 23 year: 2009 ident: 1172_CR16 publication-title: Bioresource Technology doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.05.047 – volume: 43 start-page: 6441 issue: 17 year: 2009 ident: 1172_CR12 publication-title: Environmental Science & Technology doi: 10.1021/es902153f – volume: 2 start-page: 438 issue: 4 year: 2016 ident: 1172_CR5 publication-title: Engineering doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.017 – volume: 92–93 start-page: 11 year: 2016 ident: 1172_CR20 publication-title: Environment International doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.024 – volume: 10 start-page: 2597 issue: 8 year: 2018 ident: 1172_CR17 publication-title: Sustainability doi: 10.3390/su10082597 – volume: 45 start-page: 7100 issue: 17 year: 2011 ident: 1172_CR10 publication-title: Environmental Science & Technology doi: 10.1021/es2014264 – volume: 87 start-page: 413 year: 2015 ident: 1172_CR3 publication-title: Water Research doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.043 – volume: 344 start-page: 1452 issue: 6191 year: 2014 ident: 1172_CR15 publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.1255183 – volume: 567 start-page: 516 issue: 7749 year: 2019 ident: 1172_CR19 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1001-1 – volume: 15 start-page: 2339 issue: 11 year: 2018 ident: 1172_CR18 publication-title: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health doi: 10.3390/ijerph15112339 – volume: 1 start-page: 750 issue: 12 year: 2018 ident: 1172_CR8 publication-title: Nature Sustainability doi: 10.1038/s41893-018-0187-9 – volume-title: The 13th Five-Year Plan for the Construction of Urban Sewage Treatment and Recycling Facilities year: 2016 ident: 1172_CR14 – volume: 7 start-page: 911 issue: 3 year: 2014 ident: 1172_CR6 publication-title: Energy & Environmental Science doi: 10.1039/C3EE43106A – volume: 66 start-page: 85 year: 2014 ident: 1172_CR4 publication-title: Water Research doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.014 – volume: 528 start-page: 29 issue: 7580 year: 2015 ident: 1172_CR7 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/528029a – ident: 1172_CR11 – volume: 452 start-page: 301 issue: 7185 year: 2008 ident: 1172_CR13 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/nature06599 – volume: 77 start-page: 5 year: 2015 ident: 1172_CR9 publication-title: Environment International doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.12.010 – volume-title: Our Common Future—The Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development year: 1987 ident: 1172_CR1
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Snippet	The history of China's municipal wastewater management is revisited. The remaining challenges in wastewater sector in China are identified. New concept... China has the world’s largest and still growing wastewater sector and water market, thus its future development will have profound influence on the world. The...
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SubjectTerms	China Earth and Environmental Science ecology Effluent standards energy Environment fertilizers humans issues and policy Management Municipal wastewater New Concept WWTP Policy Pollutant removal pollution control Process Review Article sewer systems Sewers Sludge Sludge disposal society Special Issue—China Urban Water Environment and Water Ecology Sustainable development Urban environments Wastewater discharges Wastewater management Wastewater treatment Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Wastewater treatment plants Water markets Water treatment
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Title	Municipal wastewater treatment in China: Development history and future perspectives
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