Green and eco-friendly approaches for the extraction of chitin and chitosan: A review

Chitin is one of the most diverse and naturally occurring biopolymers, and it is mainly present in crustaceans, insects, and fungi. Chitosan is derived from chitin by deacetylation process. It is important to note that the conventional chemical method of extracting chitin includes disadvantages and...

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Published inCarbohydrate polymers Vol. 287; p. 119349
Main Authors Mohan, Kannan, Ganesan, Abirami Ramu, Ezhilarasi, P.N., Kondamareddy, Kiran Kumar, Rajan, Durairaj Karthick, Sathishkumar, Palanivel, Rajarajeswaran, Jayakumar, Conterno, Lorenza
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.07.2022
Subjects
Animals
Biopolymer
Biopolymers
Chitin
Chitosan
Crustacea
Deep eutectic solvents
electrochemistry
fermentation
Green chemistry
Ionic Liquids
microwave treatment
Natural resources
Solvents
Natural resources
Chitin
Green chemistry
Chitosan
Deep eutectic solvents
Biopolymer
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Abstract Chitin is one of the most diverse and naturally occurring biopolymers, and it is mainly present in crustaceans, insects, and fungi. Chitosan is derived from chitin by deacetylation process. It is important to note that the conventional chemical method of extracting chitin includes disadvantages and it poses various environmental issues. Recently, the green extraction techniques have perceived substantial development in the field of polymer chemistry. A variety of methods have been successfully developed using green extraction techniques for extracting chitin and chitosan from various resources. It includes the use of ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DES), microbial fermentation, enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), subcritical water extraction (SWE), and electrochemical extraction (ECE). In this review, the extraction of chitin and chitosan using greener approaches were summarized. In addition, challenges, opportunities and future perspectives of green extraction methods have also been narrated. [Display omitted]
AbstractList Chitin is one of the most diverse and naturally occurring biopolymers, and it is mainly present in crustaceans, insects, and fungi. Chitosan is derived from chitin by deacetylation process. It is important to note that the conventional chemical method of extracting chitin includes disadvantages and it poses various environmental issues. Recently, the green extraction techniques have perceived substantial development in the field of polymer chemistry. A variety of methods have been successfully developed using green extraction techniques for extracting chitin and chitosan from various resources. It includes the use of ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DES), microbial fermentation, enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), subcritical water extraction (SWE), and electrochemical extraction (ECE). In this review, the extraction of chitin and chitosan using greener approaches were summarized. In addition, challenges, opportunities and future perspectives of green extraction methods have also been narrated.
Chitin is one of the most diverse and naturally occurring biopolymers, and it is mainly present in crustaceans, insects, and fungi. Chitosan is derived from chitin by deacetylation process. It is important to note that the conventional chemical method of extracting chitin includes disadvantages and it poses various environmental issues. Recently, the green extraction techniques have perceived substantial development in the field of polymer chemistry. A variety of methods have been successfully developed using green extraction techniques for extracting chitin and chitosan from various resources. It includes the use of ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DES), microbial fermentation, enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), subcritical water extraction (SWE), and electrochemical extraction (ECE). In this review, the extraction of chitin and chitosan using greener approaches were summarized. In addition, challenges, opportunities and future perspectives of green extraction methods have also been narrated.Chitin is one of the most diverse and naturally occurring biopolymers, and it is mainly present in crustaceans, insects, and fungi. Chitosan is derived from chitin by deacetylation process. It is important to note that the conventional chemical method of extracting chitin includes disadvantages and it poses various environmental issues. Recently, the green extraction techniques have perceived substantial development in the field of polymer chemistry. A variety of methods have been successfully developed using green extraction techniques for extracting chitin and chitosan from various resources. It includes the use of ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DES), microbial fermentation, enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), subcritical water extraction (SWE), and electrochemical extraction (ECE). In this review, the extraction of chitin and chitosan using greener approaches were summarized. In addition, challenges, opportunities and future perspectives of green extraction methods have also been narrated.
Chitin is one of the most diverse and naturally occurring biopolymers, and it is mainly present in crustaceans, insects, and fungi. Chitosan is derived from chitin by deacetylation process. It is important to note that the conventional chemical method of extracting chitin includes disadvantages and it poses various environmental issues. Recently, the green extraction techniques have perceived substantial development in the field of polymer chemistry. A variety of methods have been successfully developed using green extraction techniques for extracting chitin and chitosan from various resources. It includes the use of ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DES), microbial fermentation, enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), subcritical water extraction (SWE), and electrochemical extraction (ECE). In this review, the extraction of chitin and chitosan using greener approaches were summarized. In addition, challenges, opportunities and future perspectives of green extraction methods have also been narrated. [Display omitted]
ArticleNumber 119349
Author Sathishkumar, Palanivel
Ezhilarasi, P.N.
Kondamareddy, Kiran Kumar
Rajarajeswaran, Jayakumar
Ganesan, Abirami Ramu
Conterno, Lorenza
Rajan, Durairaj Karthick
Mohan, Kannan
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Kannan
  surname: Mohan
  fullname: Mohan, Kannan
  email: kmohanphd@gmail.com
  organization: PG and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Vasavi College, Erode, Tamil Nadu 638 316, India
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Abirami Ramu
  surname: Ganesan
  fullname: Ganesan, Abirami Ramu
  email: abirami.ramu-ganesan@laimburg.it
  organization: Group of Fermentation and Distillation, Laimburg Research Center, Laimburg 6, I-39040 Post Auer (BZ), Italy
– sequence: 3
  givenname: P.N.
  surname: Ezhilarasi
  fullname: Ezhilarasi, P.N.
  organization: Centre of Nutrition Research, Institute of Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Health, Bedford Park, IL 60501, United States of America
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Kiran Kumar
  surname: Kondamareddy
  fullname: Kondamareddy, Kiran Kumar
  organization: School of Pure Science, College of Engineering Science and Technology, Fiji National University, Latuoka campus, 5222, Fiji
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Durairaj Karthick
  surname: Rajan
  fullname: Rajan, Durairaj Karthick
  organization: Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu 608 502, India
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Palanivel
  surname: Sathishkumar
  fullname: Sathishkumar, Palanivel
  organization: Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, India
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Jayakumar
  surname: Rajarajeswaran
  fullname: Rajarajeswaran, Jayakumar
  organization: Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Lorenza
  surname: Conterno
  fullname: Conterno, Lorenza
  organization: Group of Fermentation and Distillation, Laimburg Research Center, Laimburg 6, I-39040 Post Auer (BZ), Italy
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35422296$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords Natural resources
Chitin
Green chemistry
Chitosan
Deep eutectic solvents
Biopolymer
Language English
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Snippet Chitin is one of the most diverse and naturally occurring biopolymers, and it is mainly present in crustaceans, insects, and fungi. Chitosan is derived from...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Biopolymer
Biopolymers
Chitin
Chitosan
Crustacea
Deep eutectic solvents
electrochemistry
fermentation
Green chemistry
Ionic Liquids
microwave treatment
Natural resources
Solvents
Title Green and eco-friendly approaches for the extraction of chitin and chitosan: A review
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119349
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35422296
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Volume 287
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