Antioxidants add protection to a broad-spectrum sunscreen
Summary Background. Exposure of human skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in erythema, pigment darkening, skin cancer and photoageing. In addition to conventional organochemical and the physical–mineral type sunscreens (SS), other non‐SS protective strategies have been investigated, includi...
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Published in | Clinical and experimental dermatology Vol. 36; no. 2; pp. 178 - 187 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.03.2011
Wiley-Blackwell Oxford University Press |
Subjects | |
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Abstract | Summary
Background. Exposure of human skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in erythema, pigment darkening, skin cancer and photoageing. In addition to conventional organochemical and the physical–mineral type sunscreens (SS), other non‐SS protective strategies have been investigated, including antioxidants (AOx) and topical DNA repair enzymes.
Aim. To investigate whether AOx could improve the protection provided by a broad‐spectrum sunscreen (SS) preparation.
Methods. Volunteers were exposed to repetitive solar‐simulated (ss)UVR at 1.5 times minimal erythema dose for four consecutive days. Thirty minutes before each exposure and 6, 24 and 48 h after the last exposure, the test materials [vehicle, SS (sun protection factor 25) alone, AOx alone and SS plus AOx] were applied to four different sites. Another two sites received ssUVR only, or SS plus AOx only, and a third site was left untreated (neither ssUVR or product). Erythema and pigmentation were measured using a Mexameter. Biopsy specimens were taken 72 h after the last irradiation. The thickness of the stratum corneum and epidermis were measured by microscopy. Expression of cytokeratins (CKs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and CD1a‐positive Langerhans cells (LCs) analysed by immunohistochemical staining, and relative expression levels were compared between all seven sites.
Results. AOx alone did not reduce erythema. There was a significant reduction in pigmentation, and the product almost completely protected against LC depletion. AOx plus SS gave better protection against pigment formation and CK5/6 induction than SS alone. AOx alone protected against ssUVR‐induced hyperproliferation, as shown by epidermal thickness and CK16 biomarkers, and was better than SS alone. Interestingly, although protection against induction of MMP‐9, a marker of photoageing, did not reach significance when either SS or AOx were applied separately, there was complete protection against MMP‐9 induction when these were combined.
Conclusions. Non‐SS materials such as AOx can contribute significantly to sun protection when added to a broad‐spectrum SS and applied topically to human skin in vivo. |
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AbstractList | BACKGROUNDExposure of human skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in erythema, pigment darkening, skin cancer and photoageing. In addition to conventional organochemical and the physical-mineral type sunscreens (SS), other non-SS protective strategies have been investigated, including antioxidants (AOx) and topical DNA repair enzymes.AIMTo investigate whether AOx could improve the protection provided by a broad-spectrum sunscreen (SS) preparation.METHODSVolunteers were exposed to repetitive solar-simulated (ss)UVR at 1.5 times minimal erythema dose for four consecutive days. Thirty minutes before each exposure and 6, 24 and 48 h after the last exposure, the test materials [vehicle, SS (sun protection factor 25) alone, AOx alone and SS plus AOx] were applied to four different sites. Another two sites received ssUVR only, or SS plus AOx only, and a third site was left untreated (neither ssUVR or product). Erythema and pigmentation were measured using a Mexameter. Biopsy specimens were taken 72 h after the last irradiation. The thickness of the stratum corneum and epidermis were measured by microscopy. Expression of cytokeratins (CKs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and CD1a-positive Langerhans cells (LCs) analysed by immunohistochemical staining, and relative expression levels were compared between all seven sites.RESULTSAOx alone did not reduce erythema. There was a significant reduction in pigmentation, and the product almost completely protected against LC depletion. AOx plus SS gave better protection against pigment formation and CK5/6 induction than SS alone. AOx alone protected against ssUVR-induced hyperproliferation, as shown by epidermal thickness and CK16 biomarkers, and was better than SS alone. Interestingly, although protection against induction of MMP-9, a marker of photoageing, did not reach significance when either SS or AOx were applied separately, there was complete protection against MMP-9 induction when these were combined.CONCLUSIONSNon-SS materials such as AOx can contribute significantly to sun protection when added to a broad-spectrum SS and applied topically to human skin in vivo. Summary Background. Exposure of human skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in erythema, pigment darkening, skin cancer and photoageing. In addition to conventional organochemical and the physical-mineral type sunscreens (SS), other non-SS protective strategies have been investigated, including antioxidants (AOx) and topical DNA repair enzymes. Aim. To investigate whether AOx could improve the protection provided by a broad-spectrum sunscreen (SS) preparation. Methods. Volunteers were exposed to repetitive solar-simulated (ss)UVR at 1.5 times minimal erythema dose for four consecutive days. Thirty minutes before each exposure and 6, 24 and 48 h after the last exposure, the test materials [vehicle, SS (sun protection factor 25) alone, AOx alone and SS plus AOx] were applied to four different sites. Another two sites received ssUVR only, or SS plus AOx only, and a third site was left untreated (neither ssUVR or product). Erythema and pigmentation were measured using a Mexameter. Biopsy specimens were taken 72 h after the last irradiation. The thickness of the stratum corneum and epidermis were measured by microscopy. Expression of cytokeratins (CKs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and CD1a-positive Langerhans cells (LCs) analysed by immunohistochemical staining, and relative expression levels were compared between all seven sites. Results. AOx alone did not reduce erythema. There was a significant reduction in pigmentation, and the product almost completely protected against LC depletion. AOx plus SS gave better protection against pigment formation and CK5/6 induction than SS alone. AOx alone protected against ssUVR-induced hyperproliferation, as shown by epidermal thickness and CK16 biomarkers, and was better than SS alone. Interestingly, although protection against induction of MMP-9, a marker of photoageing, did not reach significance when either SS or AOx were applied separately, there was complete protection against MMP-9 induction when these were combined. Conclusions. Non-SS materials such as AOx can contribute significantly to sun protection when added to a broad-spectrum SS and applied topically to human skin in vivo. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Exposure of human skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in erythema, pigment darkening, skin cancer and photoageing. In addition to conventional organochemical and the physical-mineral type sunscreens (SS), other non-SS protective strategies have been investigated, including antioxidants (AOx) and topical DNA repair enzymes. To investigate whether AOx could improve the protection provided by a broad-spectrum sunscreen (SS) preparation. Volunteers were exposed to repetitive solar-simulated (ss)UVR at 1.5 times minimal erythema dose for four consecutive days. Thirty minutes before each exposure and 6, 24 and 48 h after the last exposure, the test materials [vehicle, SS (sun protection factor 25) alone, AOx alone and SS plus AOx] were applied to four different sites. Another two sites received ssUVR only, or SS plus AOx only, and a third site was left untreated (neither ssUVR or product). Erythema and pigmentation were measured using a Mexameter. Biopsy specimens were taken 72 h after the last irradiation. The thickness of the stratum corneum and epidermis were measured by microscopy. Expression of cytokeratins (CKs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and CD1a-positive Langerhans cells (LCs) analysed by immunohistochemical staining, and relative expression levels were compared between all seven sites. AOx alone did not reduce erythema. There was a significant reduction in pigmentation, and the product almost completely protected against LC depletion. AOx plus SS gave better protection against pigment formation and CK5/6 induction than SS alone. AOx alone protected against ssUVR-induced hyperproliferation, as shown by epidermal thickness and CK16 biomarkers, and was better than SS alone. Interestingly, although protection against induction of MMP-9, a marker of photoageing, did not reach significance when either SS or AOx were applied separately, there was complete protection against MMP-9 induction when these were combined. Non-SS materials such as AOx can contribute significantly to sun protection when added to a broad-spectrum SS and applied topically to human skin in vivo. Summary Background. Exposure of human skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in erythema, pigment darkening, skin cancer and photoageing. In addition to conventional organochemical and the physical–mineral type sunscreens (SS), other non‐SS protective strategies have been investigated, including antioxidants (AOx) and topical DNA repair enzymes. Aim. To investigate whether AOx could improve the protection provided by a broad‐spectrum sunscreen (SS) preparation. Methods. Volunteers were exposed to repetitive solar‐simulated (ss)UVR at 1.5 times minimal erythema dose for four consecutive days. Thirty minutes before each exposure and 6, 24 and 48 h after the last exposure, the test materials [vehicle, SS (sun protection factor 25) alone, AOx alone and SS plus AOx] were applied to four different sites. Another two sites received ssUVR only, or SS plus AOx only, and a third site was left untreated (neither ssUVR or product). Erythema and pigmentation were measured using a Mexameter. Biopsy specimens were taken 72 h after the last irradiation. The thickness of the stratum corneum and epidermis were measured by microscopy. Expression of cytokeratins (CKs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and CD1a‐positive Langerhans cells (LCs) analysed by immunohistochemical staining, and relative expression levels were compared between all seven sites. Results. AOx alone did not reduce erythema. There was a significant reduction in pigmentation, and the product almost completely protected against LC depletion. AOx plus SS gave better protection against pigment formation and CK5/6 induction than SS alone. AOx alone protected against ssUVR‐induced hyperproliferation, as shown by epidermal thickness and CK16 biomarkers, and was better than SS alone. Interestingly, although protection against induction of MMP‐9, a marker of photoageing, did not reach significance when either SS or AOx were applied separately, there was complete protection against MMP‐9 induction when these were combined. Conclusions. Non‐SS materials such as AOx can contribute significantly to sun protection when added to a broad‐spectrum SS and applied topically to human skin in vivo. |
Author | Jin, G.-Y. Wang, Y.-K. Chen, J. Z. S. Chen, H.-D. Jin, X. Matsui, M. S. Shu, C.-M. Dong, G.-H. Li, Y.-H. Wu, Y. Gao, X.-H. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Y. surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Y. organization: Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China – sequence: 2 givenname: M. S. surname: Matsui fullname: Matsui, M. S. organization: Biological Sciences, Estée Lauder Companies, Inc., New York, NY, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: J. Z. S. surname: Chen fullname: Chen, J. Z. S. organization: Sheftel Associates Dermatology, Tucson, AZ, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: X. surname: Jin fullname: Jin, X. organization: Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China – sequence: 5 givenname: C.-M. surname: Shu fullname: Shu, C.-M. organization: Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China – sequence: 6 givenname: G.-Y. surname: Jin fullname: Jin, G.-Y. organization: Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China – sequence: 7 givenname: G.-H. surname: Dong fullname: Dong, G.-H. organization: Department of Biostatistics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China – sequence: 8 givenname: Y.-K. surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Y.-K. organization: Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China – sequence: 9 givenname: X.-H. surname: Gao fullname: Gao, X.-H. organization: Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China – sequence: 10 givenname: H.-D. surname: Chen fullname: Chen, H.-D. organization: Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China – sequence: 11 givenname: Y.-H. surname: Li fullname: Li, Y.-H. organization: Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China |
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Keywords | Sunscreen product Sunscreen Antioxidant Dermatology Protection |
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Exp Dermatol 2009; 18: 522-6. 2007; 565 2004; 122 2000; 27 1995; 32 2002; 1 2008; 59 2005; 81 2001; 29 2001; 44 2001; 69 1995; 62 2009; 14 2005; 125 2004; 15 1985; 113 2008; 20 2009; 129 2008; 84 2005; 16 2001; 159 2003; 121 2009; 15 2003; 120 2001; 117 2009; 18 Poon (2023012703535364100_b3) 2003; 121 Baron (2023012703535364100_b15) 2003; 121 Ahmad (2023012703535364100_b2) 2001; 29 Murray (2023012703535364100_b24) 2008; 59 Schwarz (2023012703535364100_b28) 2008; 84 Kumaki (2023012703535364100_b10) 2001; 159 Camouse (2023012703535364100_b21) 2009; 18 Liardet (2023012703535364100_b5) 2001; 117 Bickers (2023012703535364100_b25) 2000; 27 Vayalil (2023012703535364100_b13) 2004; 122 Tian (2023012703535364100_b8) 2009; 15 Li (2023012703535364100_b20) 2009; 15 Rittie (2023012703535364100_b16) 2002; 1 Katiyar (2023012703535364100_b18) 1995; 62 Tanaka (2023012703535364100_b26) 2007; 565 Grone (2023012703535364100_b9) 2004; 15 Kelly (2023012703535364100_b4) 2003; 120 Afaq (2023012703535364100_b27) 2005; 81 Elmets (2023012703535364100_b11) 2001; 44 Katiyar (2023012703535364100_b17) 2001; 69 Brenner (2023012703535364100_b22) 2009; 129 Matsui (2023012703535364100_b29) 2009; 14 Wolf (2023012703535364100_b14) 2003; 121 Chen (2023012703535364100_b12) 1985; 113 McNaughton (2023012703535364100_b6) 2005; 16 Lin (2023012703535364100_b19) 2005; 125 Norval (2023012703535364100_b1) 2008; 84 Lavker (2023012703535364100_b23) 1995; 32 Helfrich (2023012703535364100_b7) 2008; 20 |
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Background. Exposure of human skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in erythema, pigment darkening, skin cancer and photoageing. In addition to... Exposure of human skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in erythema, pigment darkening, skin cancer and photoageing. In addition to conventional... Summary Background. Exposure of human skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in erythema, pigment darkening, skin cancer and photoageing. In addition to... Summary Background. Exposure of human skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in erythema, pigment darkening, skin cancer and photoageing. In addition to... BACKGROUNDExposure of human skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in erythema, pigment darkening, skin cancer and photoageing. In addition to... |
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SubjectTerms | Antioxidants - therapeutic use Biological and medical sciences Cell Proliferation - drug effects Dermatology Diseases of the skin. Cosmetics DNA repair Drug Therapy, Combination Epidermis - drug effects Epidermis - pathology Epidermis - radiation effects Erythema - etiology Erythema - metabolism Erythema - prevention & control Female Humans Keratins - metabolism Langerhans Cells - metabolism Langerhans Cells - radiation effects Matrix Metalloproteinases - metabolism Medical sciences Melanins - biosynthesis Radiation Injuries - etiology Radiation Injuries - metabolism Radiation Injuries - prevention & control Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects) Skin Aging - drug effects Skin Aging - radiation effects Skin Pigmentation - drug effects Skin Pigmentation - radiation effects Sunscreen Sunscreening Agents - therapeutic use Ultraviolet radiation Ultraviolet Rays - adverse effects |
Title | Antioxidants add protection to a broad-spectrum sunscreen |
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