Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC) filaments three-dimensional (3-D) printer emissions-induced cell toxicity

[Display omitted] •Fused filament fabrication 3-D printer emissions consist of particles and organic compounds.•PC filament 3-D printer generated more particles than ABS at an equivalent printing time.•Both PC and ABS 3-D printer emissions induced cell toxicity in human small airway epithelial cells...

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Published inToxicology letters Vol. 317; pp. 1 - 12
Main Authors Farcas, Mariana T., Stefaniak, Aleksandr B., Knepp, Alycia K., Bowers, Lauren, Mandler, William K., Kashon, Michael, Jackson, Stephen R., Stueckle, Todd A., Sisler, Jenifer D., Friend, Sherri A., Qi, Chaolong, Hammond, Duane R., Thomas, Treye A., Matheson, Joanna, Castranova, Vincent, Qian, Yong
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15.12.2019
Subjects
Acrylic Resins - toxicity
Apoptosis - drug effects
Butadienes - toxicity
Cells, Cultured
Cytokines - metabolism
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Emerging technologies
Epithelial Cells - drug effects
Epithelial Cells - metabolism
Epithelial Cells - ultrastructure
Humans
In vitro toxicity
Inflammation Mediators - metabolism
Inflammatory response
Nanoparticles - toxicity
Necrosis
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
Particle Size
Polycarboxylate Cement - toxicity
Polystyrenes - toxicity
Printer emitted nanoparticles
Printing, Three-Dimensional
Respiratory Mucosa - drug effects
Respiratory Mucosa - metabolism
Respiratory Mucosa - ultrastructure
Risk Assessment
Time Factors
Inflammatory response
In vitro toxicity
Printer emitted nanoparticles
Emerging technologies
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Abstract [Display omitted] •Fused filament fabrication 3-D printer emissions consist of particles and organic compounds.•PC filament 3-D printer generated more particles than ABS at an equivalent printing time.•Both PC and ABS 3-D printer emissions induced cell toxicity in human small airway epithelial cells. During extrusion of some polymers, fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3-D printers emit billions of particles per minute and numerous organic compounds. The scope of this study was to evaluate FFF 3-D printer emission-induced toxicity in human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC). Emissions were generated from a commercially available 3-D printer inside a chamber, while operating for 1.5 h with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polycarbonate (PC) filaments, and collected in cell culture medium. Characterization of the culture medium revealed that repeat print runs with an identical filament yield various amounts of particles and organic compounds. Mean particle sizes in cell culture medium were 201 ± 18 nm and 202 ± 8 nm for PC and ABS, respectively. At 24 h post-exposure, both PC and ABS emissions induced a dose dependent significant cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, necrosis, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in SAEC. Though the emissions may not completely represent all possible exposure scenarios, this study indicate that the FFF could induce toxicological effects. Further studies are needed to quantify the detected chemicals in the emissions and their corresponding toxicological effects.
AbstractList [Display omitted] •Fused filament fabrication 3-D printer emissions consist of particles and organic compounds.•PC filament 3-D printer generated more particles than ABS at an equivalent printing time.•Both PC and ABS 3-D printer emissions induced cell toxicity in human small airway epithelial cells. During extrusion of some polymers, fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3-D printers emit billions of particles per minute and numerous organic compounds. The scope of this study was to evaluate FFF 3-D printer emission-induced toxicity in human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC). Emissions were generated from a commercially available 3-D printer inside a chamber, while operating for 1.5 h with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polycarbonate (PC) filaments, and collected in cell culture medium. Characterization of the culture medium revealed that repeat print runs with an identical filament yield various amounts of particles and organic compounds. Mean particle sizes in cell culture medium were 201 ± 18 nm and 202 ± 8 nm for PC and ABS, respectively. At 24 h post-exposure, both PC and ABS emissions induced a dose dependent significant cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, necrosis, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in SAEC. Though the emissions may not completely represent all possible exposure scenarios, this study indicate that the FFF could induce toxicological effects. Further studies are needed to quantify the detected chemicals in the emissions and their corresponding toxicological effects.
During extrusion of some polymers, fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3-D printers emit billions of particles per minute and numerous organic compounds. The scope of this study was to evaluate FFF 3-D printer emission-induced toxicity in human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC). Emissions were generated from a commercially available 3-D printer inside a chamber, while operating for 1.5 h with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polycarbonate (PC) filaments, and collected in cell culture medium. Characterization of the culture medium revealed that repeat print runs with an identical filament yield various amounts of particles and organic compounds. Mean particle sizes in cell culture medium were 201 ± 18 nm and 202 ± 8 nm for PC and ABS, respectively. At 24 h post-exposure, both PC and ABS emissions induced a dose dependent significant cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, necrosis, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in SAEC. Though the emissions may not completely represent all possible exposure scenarios, this study indicate that the FFF could induce toxicological effects. Further studies are needed to quantify the detected chemicals in the emissions and their corresponding toxicological effects.
During extrusion of some polymers, fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3-D printers emit billions of particles per minute and numerous organic compounds. The scope of this study was to evaluate FFF 3-D printer emission-induced toxicity in human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC). Emissions were generated from a commercially available 3-D printer inside a chamber, while operating for 1.5 h with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polycarbonate (PC) filaments, and collected in cell culture medium. Characterization of the culture medium revealed that repeat print runs with an identical filament yield various amounts of particles and organic compounds. Mean particle sizes in cell culture medium were 201 ± 18 nm and 202 ± 8 nm for PC and ABS, respectively. At 24 h post-exposure, both PC and ABS emissions induced a dose dependent significant cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, necrosis, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in SAEC. Though the emissions may not completely represent all possible exposure scenarios, this study indicate that the FFF could induce toxicological effects. Further studies are needed to quantify the detected chemicals in the emissions and their corresponding toxicological effects.During extrusion of some polymers, fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3-D printers emit billions of particles per minute and numerous organic compounds. The scope of this study was to evaluate FFF 3-D printer emission-induced toxicity in human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC). Emissions were generated from a commercially available 3-D printer inside a chamber, while operating for 1.5 h with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polycarbonate (PC) filaments, and collected in cell culture medium. Characterization of the culture medium revealed that repeat print runs with an identical filament yield various amounts of particles and organic compounds. Mean particle sizes in cell culture medium were 201 ± 18 nm and 202 ± 8 nm for PC and ABS, respectively. At 24 h post-exposure, both PC and ABS emissions induced a dose dependent significant cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, necrosis, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in SAEC. Though the emissions may not completely represent all possible exposure scenarios, this study indicate that the FFF could induce toxicological effects. Further studies are needed to quantify the detected chemicals in the emissions and their corresponding toxicological effects.
Author Mandler, William K.
Kashon, Michael
Qi, Chaolong
Knepp, Alycia K.
Jackson, Stephen R.
Farcas, Mariana T.
Stueckle, Todd A.
Hammond, Duane R.
Friend, Sherri A.
Matheson, Joanna
Thomas, Treye A.
Castranova, Vincent
Qian, Yong
Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.
Sisler, Jenifer D.
Bowers, Lauren
AuthorAffiliation g Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, Division of Applied Research & Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
d Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
a Pathology and Physiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
h Office of Hazard Identification and Reduction, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Rockville, MD, USA
e Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
f Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
b Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505,
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Keywords Inflammatory response
In vitro toxicity
Printer emitted nanoparticles
Emerging technologies
Language English
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Snippet [Display omitted] •Fused filament fabrication 3-D printer emissions consist of particles and organic compounds.•PC filament 3-D printer generated more...
During extrusion of some polymers, fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3-D printers emit billions of particles per minute and numerous organic compounds. The...
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proquest
pubmed
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elsevier
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Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 1
SubjectTerms Acrylic Resins - toxicity
Apoptosis - drug effects
Butadienes - toxicity
Cells, Cultured
Cytokines - metabolism
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Emerging technologies
Epithelial Cells - drug effects
Epithelial Cells - metabolism
Epithelial Cells - ultrastructure
Humans
In vitro toxicity
Inflammation Mediators - metabolism
Inflammatory response
Nanoparticles - toxicity
Necrosis
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
Particle Size
Polycarboxylate Cement - toxicity
Polystyrenes - toxicity
Printer emitted nanoparticles
Printing, Three-Dimensional
Respiratory Mucosa - drug effects
Respiratory Mucosa - metabolism
Respiratory Mucosa - ultrastructure
Risk Assessment
Time Factors
Title Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC) filaments three-dimensional (3-D) printer emissions-induced cell toxicity
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.09.013
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31562913
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2299135388
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7490755
Volume 317
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