Injury Risk and Injury Burden Are Related to Age Group and Peak Height Velocity Among Talented Male Youth Soccer Players
Background: The relationship between injury risk (IR) in age groups and periods around peak height velocity (PHV) remains unclear. PHV is defined as the moment of the largest increase in body height. Purpose: To investigate injury risk and injury burden as functions of growth velocity (periods aroun...
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| Published in | Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine Vol. 6; no. 12; p. 2325967118811042 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Los Angeles, CA
SAGE Publications
01.12.2018
Sage Publications Ltd |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Background:
The relationship between injury risk (IR) in age groups and periods around peak height velocity (PHV) remains unclear. PHV is defined as the moment of the largest increase in body height.
Purpose:
To investigate injury risk and injury burden as functions of growth velocity (periods around PHV) and chronological age groupings (under 12 years [U12] to U19) in talented youth male soccer players.
Study Design:
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
Methods:
A total of 170 players from the youth academy of a Dutch soccer club (highest professional league: Eredivisie) were observed for 1 to 3 seasons. Injuries, exposure, PHV age, and chronological age were registered. The injury incidence density (IID) and injury burden per 1000 hours of soccer participation, with 95% CIs, were calculated for 5 PHV periods and 7 age groups. These were compared with the overall cohort results using incidence ratios (IRs) and burden ratios (BRs) with 95% CIs.
Results:
The mean age at PHV was 14.4 ± 0.65 years (range, 12.8-16.5 years). The mean IID for the total cohort was 8.34 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CI, 7.71-9.02). Compared with the overall mean, a significantly higher IID was found for PHV period 4+5 (IR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.00-1.71]; P = .049) and for the U15 group (IR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.24-1.79]; P < .001). The overall injury burden was 58.37 injury days per 1000 hours (95% CI, 56.66-60.13). In PHV period 4+5, the injury burden was significantly higher (BR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.39-1.68]; P < .001) when compared with the overall mean. Also, compared with the overall mean, the injury burden was higher in the U16 (BR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.39-1.58]; P < .001), U15 (BR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.19-1.38]; P < .001), and U17 groups (BR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.13-1.31]; P < .001).
Conclusion:
Talented young soccer players were more prone to injuries during the 6 months after PHV (31% above overall mean) as well as in the U15 group (49% above overall mean). Based on the higher injury burden in the U16 (48%), U15 (28%), and U17 (21%) groups, we suggest that research on injury risk factors and preventive measures should primarily target these age groups. Additional interventions based on PHV may be of limited value from a screening perspective. Further research is needed on the interaction between age groups and PHV periods. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The relationship between injury risk (IR) in age groups and periods around peak height velocity (PHV) remains unclear. PHV is defined as the moment of the largest increase in body height.
To investigate injury risk and injury burden as functions of growth velocity (periods around PHV) and chronological age groupings (under 12 years [U12] to U19) in talented youth male soccer players.
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
A total of 170 players from the youth academy of a Dutch soccer club (highest professional league: Eredivisie) were observed for 1 to 3 seasons. Injuries, exposure, PHV age, and chronological age were registered. The injury incidence density (IID) and injury burden per 1000 hours of soccer participation, with 95% CIs, were calculated for 5 PHV periods and 7 age groups. These were compared with the overall cohort results using incidence ratios (IRs) and burden ratios (BRs) with 95% CIs.
The mean age at PHV was 14.4 ± 0.65 years (range, 12.8-16.5 years). The mean IID for the total cohort was 8.34 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CI, 7.71-9.02). Compared with the overall mean, a significantly higher IID was found for PHV period 4+5 (IR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.00-1.71];
= .049) and for the U15 group (IR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.24-1.79];
< .001). The overall injury burden was 58.37 injury days per 1000 hours (95% CI, 56.66-60.13). In PHV period 4+5, the injury burden was significantly higher (BR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.39-1.68];
< .001) when compared with the overall mean. Also, compared with the overall mean, the injury burden was higher in the U16 (BR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.39-1.58];
< .001), U15 (BR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.19-1.38];
< .001), and U17 groups (BR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.13-1.31];
< .001).
Talented young soccer players were more prone to injuries during the 6 months after PHV (31% above overall mean) as well as in the U15 group (49% above overall mean). Based on the higher injury burden in the U16 (48%), U15 (28%), and U17 (21%) groups, we suggest that research on injury risk factors and preventive measures should primarily target these age groups. Additional interventions based on PHV may be of limited value from a screening perspective. Further research is needed on the interaction between age groups and PHV periods. BACKGROUNDThe relationship between injury risk (IR) in age groups and periods around peak height velocity (PHV) remains unclear. PHV is defined as the moment of the largest increase in body height. PURPOSETo investigate injury risk and injury burden as functions of growth velocity (periods around PHV) and chronological age groupings (under 12 years [U12] to U19) in talented youth male soccer players. STUDY DESIGNCohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODSA total of 170 players from the youth academy of a Dutch soccer club (highest professional league: Eredivisie) were observed for 1 to 3 seasons. Injuries, exposure, PHV age, and chronological age were registered. The injury incidence density (IID) and injury burden per 1000 hours of soccer participation, with 95% CIs, were calculated for 5 PHV periods and 7 age groups. These were compared with the overall cohort results using incidence ratios (IRs) and burden ratios (BRs) with 95% CIs. RESULTSThe mean age at PHV was 14.4 ± 0.65 years (range, 12.8-16.5 years). The mean IID for the total cohort was 8.34 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CI, 7.71-9.02). Compared with the overall mean, a significantly higher IID was found for PHV period 4+5 (IR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.00-1.71]; P = .049) and for the U15 group (IR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.24-1.79]; P < .001). The overall injury burden was 58.37 injury days per 1000 hours (95% CI, 56.66-60.13). In PHV period 4+5, the injury burden was significantly higher (BR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.39-1.68]; P < .001) when compared with the overall mean. Also, compared with the overall mean, the injury burden was higher in the U16 (BR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.39-1.58]; P < .001), U15 (BR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.19-1.38]; P < .001), and U17 groups (BR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.13-1.31]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONTalented young soccer players were more prone to injuries during the 6 months after PHV (31% above overall mean) as well as in the U15 group (49% above overall mean). Based on the higher injury burden in the U16 (48%), U15 (28%), and U17 (21%) groups, we suggest that research on injury risk factors and preventive measures should primarily target these age groups. Additional interventions based on PHV may be of limited value from a screening perspective. Further research is needed on the interaction between age groups and PHV periods. Background: The relationship between injury risk (IR) in age groups and periods around peak height velocity (PHV) remains unclear. PHV is defined as the moment of the largest increase in body height. Purpose: To investigate injury risk and injury burden as functions of growth velocity (periods around PHV) and chronological age groupings (under 12 years [U12] to U19) in talented youth male soccer players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 170 players from the youth academy of a Dutch soccer club (highest professional league: Eredivisie) were observed for 1 to 3 seasons. Injuries, exposure, PHV age, and chronological age were registered. The injury incidence density (IID) and injury burden per 1000 hours of soccer participation, with 95% CIs, were calculated for 5 PHV periods and 7 age groups. These were compared with the overall cohort results using incidence ratios (IRs) and burden ratios (BRs) with 95% CIs. Results: The mean age at PHV was 14.4 ± 0.65 years (range, 12.8-16.5 years). The mean IID for the total cohort was 8.34 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CI, 7.71-9.02). Compared with the overall mean, a significantly higher IID was found for PHV period 4+5 (IR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.00-1.71]; P = .049) and for the U15 group (IR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.24-1.79]; P < .001). The overall injury burden was 58.37 injury days per 1000 hours (95% CI, 56.66-60.13). In PHV period 4+5, the injury burden was significantly higher (BR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.39-1.68]; P < .001) when compared with the overall mean. Also, compared with the overall mean, the injury burden was higher in the U16 (BR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.39-1.58]; P < .001), U15 (BR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.19-1.38]; P < .001), and U17 groups (BR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.13-1.31]; P < .001). Conclusion: Talented young soccer players were more prone to injuries during the 6 months after PHV (31% above overall mean) as well as in the U15 group (49% above overall mean). Based on the higher injury burden in the U16 (48%), U15 (28%), and U17 (21%) groups, we suggest that research on injury risk factors and preventive measures should primarily target these age groups. Additional interventions based on PHV may be of limited value from a screening perspective. Further research is needed on the interaction between age groups and PHV periods. Background:The relationship between injury risk (IR) in age groups and periods around peak height velocity (PHV) remains unclear. PHV is defined as the moment of the largest increase in body height.Purpose:To investigate injury risk and injury burden as functions of growth velocity (periods around PHV) and chronological age groupings (under 12 years [U12] to U19) in talented youth male soccer players.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.Methods:A total of 170 players from the youth academy of a Dutch soccer club (highest professional league: Eredivisie) were observed for 1 to 3 seasons. Injuries, exposure, PHV age, and chronological age were registered. The injury incidence density (IID) and injury burden per 1000 hours of soccer participation, with 95% CIs, were calculated for 5 PHV periods and 7 age groups. These were compared with the overall cohort results using incidence ratios (IRs) and burden ratios (BRs) with 95% CIs.Results:The mean age at PHV was 14.4 ± 0.65 years (range, 12.8-16.5 years). The mean IID for the total cohort was 8.34 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CI, 7.71-9.02). Compared with the overall mean, a significantly higher IID was found for PHV period 4+5 (IR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.00-1.71]; P = .049) and for the U15 group (IR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.24-1.79]; P < .001). The overall injury burden was 58.37 injury days per 1000 hours (95% CI, 56.66-60.13). In PHV period 4+5, the injury burden was significantly higher (BR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.39-1.68]; P < .001) when compared with the overall mean. Also, compared with the overall mean, the injury burden was higher in the U16 (BR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.39-1.58]; P < .001), U15 (BR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.19-1.38]; P < .001), and U17 groups (BR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.13-1.31]; P < .001).Conclusion:Talented young soccer players were more prone to injuries during the 6 months after PHV (31% above overall mean) as well as in the U15 group (49% above overall mean). Based on the higher injury burden in the U16 (48%), U15 (28%), and U17 (21%) groups, we suggest that research on injury risk factors and preventive measures should primarily target these age groups. Additional interventions based on PHV may be of limited value from a screening perspective. Further research is needed on the interaction between age groups and PHV periods. |
| Author | Barendrecht, Maarten Bult, Hans Jan Tak, Igor Joeri Ramon |
| AuthorAffiliation | Avans+, Breda, the Netherlands Academic Center for Evidence-Based Sports Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Investigation performed at the Dutch Institute of Allied Health Care, Amersfoort, the Netherlands, and Avans+, Breda, the Netherlands Dutch Institute of Allied Health Care, Amersfoort, the Netherlands Physiotherapy Utrecht Oost, Utrecht, the Netherlands Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Amsterdam, the Netherlands AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Academic Center for Evidence-Based Sports Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands – name: Dutch Institute of Allied Health Care, Amersfoort, the Netherlands – name: AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands – name: Investigation performed at the Dutch Institute of Allied Health Care, Amersfoort, the Netherlands, and Avans+, Breda, the Netherlands – name: Physiotherapy Utrecht Oost, Utrecht, the Netherlands – name: Avans+, Breda, the Netherlands – name: Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Amsterdam, the Netherlands |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hans Jan surname: Bult fullname: Bult, Hans Jan email: hans.bult@npi.nl – sequence: 2 givenname: Maarten surname: Barendrecht fullname: Barendrecht, Maarten – sequence: 3 givenname: Igor Joeri Ramon surname: Tak fullname: Tak, Igor Joeri Ramon |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30560140$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| References | Mirwald, Baxter-Jones, Bailey, Beunen 2002; 34 Bahr, Clarsen, Ekstrand 2018; 52 Post, Bell, Trigsted 2017; 9 von Elm, Altman, Egger, Pocock, Gøtzsche, Vandenbroucke 2008; 61 Malina 2010; 20 Rae, Orchard 2007; 17 Elias 2001; 33 Faude, Rößler, Junge 2013; 43 Hirano, Fukubayashi, Ishii, Ochiai 2002; 31 Le Gall, Carling, Reilly, Vandewalle, Church, Rochcongar 2006; 34 McGuine, Post, Hetzel, Brooks, Trigsted, Bell 2017; 45 Swain, Kamper, Maher, Broderick, McKay, Henschke 2018; 52 Hawkins, Metheny 2001; 33 van der Sluis, Elferink-Gemser, Coelho-E-Silva, Nijboer, Brink, Visscher 2014; 35 Gabbett 2016; 50 van der Sluis, Elferink-Gemser, Brink, Visscher 2015; 36 Pfirrmann, Herbst, Ingelfinger, Simon, Tug 2016; 51 Price, Hawkins, Hulse, Hodson 2004; 38 Difiori, Benjamin, Brenner 2014; 48 Read, Oliver, De Ste Croix, Myer, Lloyd 2018; 36 Blimkie, Lefevre, Beunen, Renson, Dequeker, Van Damme 1993; 25 Serinelli, Panetta, Pasqualetti, Marchetti 2011; 13 Davies, Rose 2000; 20 Fuller, Ekstrand, Junge 2006; 40 bibr1-2325967118811042 Mirwald RL (bibr15-2325967118811042) 2002; 34 bibr6-2325967118811042 bibr23-2325967118811042 bibr10-2325967118811042 bibr19-2325967118811042 bibr5-2325967118811042 bibr26-2325967118811042 bibr22-2325967118811042 bibr9-2325967118811042 bibr14-2325967118811042 bibr18-2325967118811042 bibr12-2325967118811042 Verhagen E (bibr25-2325967118811042) 2010 bibr8-2325967118811042 bibr20-2325967118811042 Wormhoudt R (bibr27-2325967118811042) 2018 bibr3-2325967118811042 bibr4-2325967118811042 bibr21-2325967118811042 bibr17-2325967118811042 van der Sluis A (bibr24-2325967118811042) 2014; 35 bibr7-2325967118811042 bibr11-2325967118811042 bibr2-2325967118811042 bibr16-2325967118811042 Materne O (bibr13-2325967118811042) 2016 |
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| Snippet | Background:
The relationship between injury risk (IR) in age groups and periods around peak height velocity (PHV) remains unclear. PHV is defined as the moment... The relationship between injury risk (IR) in age groups and periods around peak height velocity (PHV) remains unclear. PHV is defined as the moment of the... Background:The relationship between injury risk (IR) in age groups and periods around peak height velocity (PHV) remains unclear. PHV is defined as the moment... BACKGROUNDThe relationship between injury risk (IR) in age groups and periods around peak height velocity (PHV) remains unclear. PHV is defined as the moment... |
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| SubjectTerms | Age groups Health risk assessment Injuries Orthopedics Soccer Sports medicine |
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| Title | Injury Risk and Injury Burden Are Related to Age Group and Peak Height Velocity Among Talented Male Youth Soccer Players |
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