Herring Oil and Omega Fatty Acids Inhibit Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation and Virulence

• Published in: Frontiers in microbiology Vol. 9; p. 1241
• Main Authors: Kim, Yong-Guy, Lee, Jin-Hyung, Raorane, Chaitany J, Oh, Seong T, Park, Jae G, Lee, Jintae
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 15.06.2018
• Subjects: biofilm; hemolysis; herring oil; Microbiology; omega fatty acids; Staphylococcus aureus; virulence; virulence; Staphylococcus aureus; hemolysis; biofilm; herring oil; omega fatty acids
• ISSN: 1664-302X; 1664-302X
• DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01241

is notorious for its ability to become resistant to antibiotics and biofilms play a critical role in antibiotic tolerance. is also capable of secreting several exotoxins associated with the pathogenesis of sepsis and pneumonia. Thus, the objectives of the study were to examine biofilm formation , and the effects of herring oil and its main components, omega fatty acids [ -4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and -5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)], on virulence factor production and transcriptional changes in . Herring oil decreased biofilm formation by two strains. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several polyunsaturated fatty acids in herring oil, and of these, two omega-3 fatty acids, DHA and EPA, significantly inhibited biofilm formation. In addition, herring oil, DHA, and EPA at 20 μg/ml significantly decreased the hemolytic effect of on human red blood cells, and when pre-treated to , the bacterium was more easily killed by human whole blood. Transcriptional analysis showed that herring oil, DHA, and EPA repressed the expression of the α-hemolysin gene. Furthermore, in a nematode model, all three prolonged nematode survival in the presence of . These findings suggest that herring oil, DHA, and EPA are potentially useful for controlling persistent infection.