Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT): An Emerging Relationship With Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus Among First Nations and Non-First Nations People in Saskatchewan—Results From the DIP: ORRIIGENSS Project

Because congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent a frequent cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the young, we explored the epidemiology of CAKUT and the role of diabetes in pregnancy. This was a retrospective cohort study of CAKUT, by maternal diabetes status, f...

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Published inCanadian journal of diabetes Vol. 45; no. 4; pp. 346 - 354.e1
Main Authors Dyck, Roland F., Karunanayake, Chandima, Pahwa, Punam, Stang, MaryRose, Erickson, Robin L., Osgood, Nathaniel D.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Canada Elsevier Inc 01.06.2021
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ISSN1499-2671
2352-3840
2352-3840
DOI10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.10.004

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Abstract Because congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent a frequent cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the young, we explored the epidemiology of CAKUT and the role of diabetes in pregnancy. This was a retrospective cohort study of CAKUT, by maternal diabetes status, from among all 1980‒2009 births in Saskatchewan First Nations (FN) and non-First Nations (non-FN) people. We determined frequencies, predictors and complications of CAKUT, as well as cumulative survival (to 2014) of affected persons until ESRD and death. Of the 411,055 babies (204,167 mothers) in the Saskatchewan maternal-infant database, 2,540 had CAKUT (391 FN and 2,149 non-FN). Overall annual CAKUT incidence was 0.63% for non-FN and 0.57% for FN (p=0.082), but 5-year CAKUT incidence only increased among FN (0.40% in 1980‒1984 and 0.76% in 2005‒2009, p<0.0001) and was highest among offspring of FN mothers with pregestational diabetes (pre-G/DM) (0% before 1995, 2.51% in 2000‒2004 and 1.66% in 2005–2009). Pre-G/DM, but not gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), was an independent predictor of CAKUT in non-FN (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 2.69), and in FN interacting with maternal history of stillbirth (odds ratio, 7.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.14 to 54.6). ESRD was >100-fold more likely among offspring with CAKUT compared with all other offspring and was responsible for 40% of ESRD cases in young FN and non-FN people. In Saskatchewan, pre-G/DM is an emerging cause of CAKUT, accounting for 40% of ESRD cases in FN/non-FN children and young adults. Because pre-G/DM‒related CAKUT is potentially preventable with optimal glycemic management, increased recognition of this serious complication is required. Puisque les anomalies congénitales des reins et des voies urinaires (CAKUT, de l’anglais congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract) représentent une cause fréquente d’insuffisance rénale terminale (IRT) chez les enfants, nous avons examiné l’épidémiologie des CAKUT et le rôle du diabète de grossesse. Il s’agissait d’une étude de cohorte rétrospective sur les CAKUT, selon le statut diabétique de la mère, parmi toutes les naissances de 1980-2009 chez les personnes des Premières Nations (PN) et les personnes qui ne sont pas des Premières Nations (non-PN) de la Saskatchewan. Nous avons déterminé la fréquence, les prédicteurs et les complications des CAKUT ainsi que la survie cumulée (jusqu’en 2014) des personnes atteintes jusqu’à l’IRT et au décès. Selon la base de données mère-enfant de la Saskatchewan, parmi les 411 055 bébés (204 167 mères), 2540 avaient des CAKUT (391 PN et 2149 non-PN). L’incidence globale annuelle des CAKUT était de 0,63 % pour les non-PN et de 0,57 % pour les PN (p = 0,082), mais l’incidence des CAKUT après 5 ans augmentait seulement chez les PN (0,40 % en 1980‒1984 et 0,76 % en 2005‒2009, p < 0,0001) et était plus élevée chez les enfants des mères des PN atteintes de diabète prégestationnel (pré-DSG) (0 % avant 1995, 2,51 % en 2000‒2004 et 1,66 % en 2005–2009). Le pré-DSG, mais non le DSG, était un prédicteur indépendant des CAKUT chez les non-PN (ratio d’incidence approché, 1,79; intervalle de confiance à 95 %, de 1,20 à 2,69) et chez les PN interagissant avec les antécédents maternels de mortinaissances (ratio d’incidence approché, 7,90; intervalle de confiance à 95 %, de 1,14 à 54,6). L’IRT était > 100 fois plus probable chez les enfants atteints de CAKUT que chez tous les autres enfants et était responsable de 40 % des cas d’IRT chez les enfants PN et non-FN. En Saskatchewan, le pré-DSG est une cause émergente des CAKUT, qui représente 40 % des cas d’IRT chez les enfants et les jeunes adultes des PN et des non-PN. Puisque les CAKUT liées au pré-DSG peuvent être évitées par la prise en charge optimale de la glycémie, il est de plus en plus nécessaire de déceler cette complication sérieuse.
AbstractList Because congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent a frequent cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the young, we explored the epidemiology of CAKUT and the role of diabetes in pregnancy.OBJECTIVESBecause congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent a frequent cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the young, we explored the epidemiology of CAKUT and the role of diabetes in pregnancy.This was a retrospective cohort study of CAKUT, by maternal diabetes status, from among all 1980‒2009 births in Saskatchewan First Nations (FN) and non-First Nations (non-FN) people. We determined frequencies, predictors and complications of CAKUT, as well as cumulative survival (to 2014) of affected persons until ESRD and death.METHODSThis was a retrospective cohort study of CAKUT, by maternal diabetes status, from among all 1980‒2009 births in Saskatchewan First Nations (FN) and non-First Nations (non-FN) people. We determined frequencies, predictors and complications of CAKUT, as well as cumulative survival (to 2014) of affected persons until ESRD and death.Of the 411,055 babies (204,167 mothers) in the Saskatchewan maternal-infant database, 2,540 had CAKUT (391 FN and 2,149 non-FN). Overall annual CAKUT incidence was 0.63% for non-FN and 0.57% for FN (p=0.082), but 5-year CAKUT incidence only increased among FN (0.40% in 1980‒1984 and 0.76% in 2005‒2009, p<0.0001) and was highest among offspring of FN mothers with pregestational diabetes (pre-G/DM) (0% before 1995, 2.51% in 2000‒2004 and 1.66% in 2005-2009). Pre-G/DM, but not gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), was an independent predictor of CAKUT in non-FN (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 2.69), and in FN interacting with maternal history of stillbirth (odds ratio, 7.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.14 to 54.6). ESRD was >100-fold more likely among offspring with CAKUT compared with all other offspring and was responsible for 40% of ESRD cases in young FN and non-FN people.RESULTSOf the 411,055 babies (204,167 mothers) in the Saskatchewan maternal-infant database, 2,540 had CAKUT (391 FN and 2,149 non-FN). Overall annual CAKUT incidence was 0.63% for non-FN and 0.57% for FN (p=0.082), but 5-year CAKUT incidence only increased among FN (0.40% in 1980‒1984 and 0.76% in 2005‒2009, p<0.0001) and was highest among offspring of FN mothers with pregestational diabetes (pre-G/DM) (0% before 1995, 2.51% in 2000‒2004 and 1.66% in 2005-2009). Pre-G/DM, but not gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), was an independent predictor of CAKUT in non-FN (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 2.69), and in FN interacting with maternal history of stillbirth (odds ratio, 7.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.14 to 54.6). ESRD was >100-fold more likely among offspring with CAKUT compared with all other offspring and was responsible for 40% of ESRD cases in young FN and non-FN people.In Saskatchewan, pre-G/DM is an emerging cause of CAKUT, accounting for 40% of ESRD cases in FN/non-FN children and young adults. Because pre-G/DM‒related CAKUT is potentially preventable with optimal glycemic management, increased recognition of this serious complication is required.CONCLUSIONSIn Saskatchewan, pre-G/DM is an emerging cause of CAKUT, accounting for 40% of ESRD cases in FN/non-FN children and young adults. Because pre-G/DM‒related CAKUT is potentially preventable with optimal glycemic management, increased recognition of this serious complication is required.
Because congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent a frequent cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the young, we explored the epidemiology of CAKUT and the role of diabetes in pregnancy. This was a retrospective cohort study of CAKUT, by maternal diabetes status, from among all 1980‒2009 births in Saskatchewan First Nations (FN) and non-First Nations (non-FN) people. We determined frequencies, predictors and complications of CAKUT, as well as cumulative survival (to 2014) of affected persons until ESRD and death. Of the 411,055 babies (204,167 mothers) in the Saskatchewan maternal-infant database, 2,540 had CAKUT (391 FN and 2,149 non-FN). Overall annual CAKUT incidence was 0.63% for non-FN and 0.57% for FN (p=0.082), but 5-year CAKUT incidence only increased among FN (0.40% in 1980‒1984 and 0.76% in 2005‒2009, p<0.0001) and was highest among offspring of FN mothers with pregestational diabetes (pre-G/DM) (0% before 1995, 2.51% in 2000‒2004 and 1.66% in 2005–2009). Pre-G/DM, but not gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), was an independent predictor of CAKUT in non-FN (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 2.69), and in FN interacting with maternal history of stillbirth (odds ratio, 7.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.14 to 54.6). ESRD was >100-fold more likely among offspring with CAKUT compared with all other offspring and was responsible for 40% of ESRD cases in young FN and non-FN people. In Saskatchewan, pre-G/DM is an emerging cause of CAKUT, accounting for 40% of ESRD cases in FN/non-FN children and young adults. Because pre-G/DM‒related CAKUT is potentially preventable with optimal glycemic management, increased recognition of this serious complication is required. Puisque les anomalies congénitales des reins et des voies urinaires (CAKUT, de l’anglais congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract) représentent une cause fréquente d’insuffisance rénale terminale (IRT) chez les enfants, nous avons examiné l’épidémiologie des CAKUT et le rôle du diabète de grossesse. Il s’agissait d’une étude de cohorte rétrospective sur les CAKUT, selon le statut diabétique de la mère, parmi toutes les naissances de 1980-2009 chez les personnes des Premières Nations (PN) et les personnes qui ne sont pas des Premières Nations (non-PN) de la Saskatchewan. Nous avons déterminé la fréquence, les prédicteurs et les complications des CAKUT ainsi que la survie cumulée (jusqu’en 2014) des personnes atteintes jusqu’à l’IRT et au décès. Selon la base de données mère-enfant de la Saskatchewan, parmi les 411 055 bébés (204 167 mères), 2540 avaient des CAKUT (391 PN et 2149 non-PN). L’incidence globale annuelle des CAKUT était de 0,63 % pour les non-PN et de 0,57 % pour les PN (p = 0,082), mais l’incidence des CAKUT après 5 ans augmentait seulement chez les PN (0,40 % en 1980‒1984 et 0,76 % en 2005‒2009, p < 0,0001) et était plus élevée chez les enfants des mères des PN atteintes de diabète prégestationnel (pré-DSG) (0 % avant 1995, 2,51 % en 2000‒2004 et 1,66 % en 2005–2009). Le pré-DSG, mais non le DSG, était un prédicteur indépendant des CAKUT chez les non-PN (ratio d’incidence approché, 1,79; intervalle de confiance à 95 %, de 1,20 à 2,69) et chez les PN interagissant avec les antécédents maternels de mortinaissances (ratio d’incidence approché, 7,90; intervalle de confiance à 95 %, de 1,14 à 54,6). L’IRT était > 100 fois plus probable chez les enfants atteints de CAKUT que chez tous les autres enfants et était responsable de 40 % des cas d’IRT chez les enfants PN et non-FN. En Saskatchewan, le pré-DSG est une cause émergente des CAKUT, qui représente 40 % des cas d’IRT chez les enfants et les jeunes adultes des PN et des non-PN. Puisque les CAKUT liées au pré-DSG peuvent être évitées par la prise en charge optimale de la glycémie, il est de plus en plus nécessaire de déceler cette complication sérieuse.
AbstractObjectivesBecause congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent a frequent cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the young, we explored the epidemiology of CAKUT and the role of diabetes in pregnancy. MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of CAKUT, by maternal diabetes status, from among all 1980‒2009 births in Saskatchewan First Nations (FN) and non-First Nations (non-FN) people. We determined frequencies, predictors and complications of CAKUT as well as cumulative survival (to 2014) of affected persons until ESRD and death. ResultsOf the 411,055 babies (204,167 mothers) in the Saskatchewan maternal-infant database, 2,540 had CAKUT (391 FN and 2,149 non-FN). Overall annual CAKUT incidence was 0.63% for non-FN and 0.57% for FN (p=0.082), but 5-year CAKUT incidence only increased among FN (0.40% in 1980‒1984 and 0.76% in 2005‒2009, p<0.0001) and was highest among offspring of FN mothers with pregestational diabetes (pre-G/DM) (0% before 1995, 2.51% in 2000‒2004 and 1.66% in 2005–2009). Pre-G/DM, but not GDM, was an independent predictor of CAKUT in non-FN (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 2.69), and in FN interacting with maternal history of stillbirth (odds ratio, 7.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.14 to 54.6). ESRD was >100-fold more likely among offspring with CAKUT compared with all other offspring and was responsible for 40% of ESRD cases in young FN and non-FN people. ConclusionsIn Saskatchewan, pre-G/DM is an emerging cause of CAKUT, accounting for 40% of ESRD cases in FN/non-FN children and young adults. Because pre-G/DM‒related CAKUT is potentially preventable with optimal glycemic management, increased recognition of this serious complication is required.
Because congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent a frequent cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the young, we explored the epidemiology of CAKUT and the role of diabetes in pregnancy. This was a retrospective cohort study of CAKUT, by maternal diabetes status, from among all 1980‒2009 births in Saskatchewan First Nations (FN) and non-First Nations (non-FN) people. We determined frequencies, predictors and complications of CAKUT as well as cumulative survival (to 2014) of affected persons until ESRD and death. Of the 411,055 babies (204,167 mothers) in the Saskatchewan maternal-infant database, 2,540 had CAKUT (391 FN and 2,149 non-FN). Overall annual CAKUT incidence was 0.63% for non-FN and 0.57% for FN (p=0.082), but 5-year CAKUT incidence only increased among FN (0.40% in 1980‒1984 and 0.76% in 2005‒2009, p<0.0001) and was highest among offspring of FN mothers with pregestational diabetes (pre-G/DM) (0% before 1995, 2.51% in 2000‒2004 and 1.66% in 2005-2009). Pre-G/DM, but not GDM, was an independent predictor of CAKUT in non-FN (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 2.69), and in FN interacting with maternal history of stillbirth (odds ratio, 7.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.14 to 54.6). ESRD was >100-fold more likely among offspring with CAKUT compared with all other offspring and was responsible for 40% of ESRD cases in young FN and non-FN people. In Saskatchewan, pre-G/DM is an emerging cause of CAKUT, accounting for 40% of ESRD cases in FN/non-FN children and young adults. Because pre-G/DM‒related CAKUT is potentially preventable with optimal glycemic management, increased recognition of this serious complication is required.
Author Osgood, Nathaniel D.
Dyck, Roland F.
Stang, MaryRose
Karunanayake, Chandima
Erickson, Robin L.
Pahwa, Punam
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Issue 4
Keywords ESRD
CAKUT
diabète pendant la grossesse
anomalies congénitales des reins et des voies urinaires
diabète prégestationnel
pregestational diabetes
congenital anomalies of kidneys and urinary tract
DIP
épidémiologie
IRT
epidemiology
First Nations
gestational diabetes
diabète gestationnel
Premières Nations
diabetes in pregnancy
Language English
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Snippet Because congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent a frequent cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the young, we explored...
AbstractObjectivesBecause congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent a frequent cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the...
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SubjectTerms anomalies congénitales des reins et des voies urinaires
CAKUT
congenital anomalies of kidneys and urinary tract
diabetes in pregnancy
diabète gestationnel
diabète pendant la grossesse
diabète prégestationnel
DIP
Endocrinology and Metabolism
epidemiology
ESRD
First Nations
gestational diabetes
IRT
Other
pregestational diabetes
Premières Nations
épidémiologie
Title Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT): An Emerging Relationship With Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus Among First Nations and Non-First Nations People in Saskatchewan—Results From the DIP: ORRIIGENSS Project
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.10.004
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33308984
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2470036890
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