Start-up strategies of an experimental fuel processor
In this work, cold start-up of a methane fuel processor is explored. The experimental fuel processor is intended to provide hydrogen for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell for the power generation (3 kWe). A dynamic model describing a series of reactors, the reformer, three water–gas shift r...
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Published in | Journal of power sources Vol. 160; no. 2; pp. 1275 - 1286 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Lausanne
Elsevier B.V
06.10.2006
Elsevier Sequoia |
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Abstract | In this work, cold start-up of a methane fuel processor is explored. The experimental fuel processor is intended to provide hydrogen for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell for the power generation (3
kWe). A dynamic model describing a series of reactors, the reformer, three water–gas shift reactors, and preferential reactor is constructed. Two important factors for rapid start-up are identified: speed of temperature front propagation and acceptable CO concentration. Steady-state analyses reveal that the fuel feed flow rate with fixed steam-to-carbon and air-to-carbon ratios is an ideal manipulated variable. Considering both large initial heat flux and gradual transition back to nominal operation, the shape of feed manipulation is determined. With the feed scenario available, the fuel processor start-up can be formulated as a constrained optimization problem and can be solved numerically. From optimization result, a heuristic is generated for rapid start-up of a fuel processor. This leads to a 25% improvement in the start-up time. Finally, issues of design modification are explored for further reduction in the start-up time. |
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AbstractList | In this work, cold start-up of a methane fuel processor is explored. The experimental fuel processor is intended to provide hydrogen for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell for the power generation (3kWe). A dynamic model describing a series of reactors, the reformer, three water-gas shift reactors, and preferential reactor is constructed. Two important factors for rapid start-up are identified: speed of temperature front propagation and acceptable CO concentration. Steady-state analyses reveal that the fuel feed flow rate with fixed steam-to-carbon and air-to-carbon ratios is an ideal manipulated variable. Considering both large initial heat flux and gradual transition back to nominal operation, the shape of feed manipulation is determined. With the feed scenario available, the fuel processor start-up can be formulated as a constrained optimization problem and can be solved numerically. From optimization result, a heuristic is generated for rapid start-up of a fuel processor. This leads to a 25% improvement in the start-up time. Finally, issues of design modification are explored for further reduction in the start-up time. In this work, cold start-up of a methane fuel processor is explored. The experimental fuel processor is intended to provide hydrogen for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell for the power generation (3 kWe). A dynamic model describing a series of reactors, the reformer, three water–gas shift reactors, and preferential reactor is constructed. Two important factors for rapid start-up are identified: speed of temperature front propagation and acceptable CO concentration. Steady-state analyses reveal that the fuel feed flow rate with fixed steam-to-carbon and air-to-carbon ratios is an ideal manipulated variable. Considering both large initial heat flux and gradual transition back to nominal operation, the shape of feed manipulation is determined. With the feed scenario available, the fuel processor start-up can be formulated as a constrained optimization problem and can be solved numerically. From optimization result, a heuristic is generated for rapid start-up of a fuel processor. This leads to a 25% improvement in the start-up time. Finally, issues of design modification are explored for further reduction in the start-up time. |
Author | Chen, Yih-Hang Yu, Cheng-Ching Liu, Yen-Chun Lee, Chiou-Hwang |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yih-Hang surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Yih-Hang organization: Energy and Environmental Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan – sequence: 2 givenname: Cheng-Ching surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Cheng-Ching email: ccyu@ntu.edu.tw organization: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106-17, Taiwan – sequence: 3 givenname: Yen-Chun surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Yen-Chun organization: Materials and Chemical Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan – sequence: 4 givenname: Chiou-Hwang surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Chiou-Hwang organization: Materials and Chemical Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan |
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Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.09.038 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.09.028 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.06.027 10.1021/ie9905411 10.1016/0360-3199(89)90061-X 10.1002/cjce.5450720220 10.1016/S0360-3199(00)00097-5 10.1016/S0920-5861(99)00237-0 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00784-4 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.01.035 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2003.10.013 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.09.026 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.11.038 10.1021/ie020324r 10.1016/S0009-2509(01)00130-0 10.1016/S0920-5861(02)00231-6 |
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Keywords | Start-up Control Steam reforming Modeling Fuel processor Autothermal reforming Methane Modification Heat flow Steady state Optimization Numerical analysis Autothermal reformer processes Dynamic model Proton exchange membrane fuel cells Hydrogen production |
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SubjectTerms | Applied sciences Autothermal reforming Control Energy Energy. Thermal use of fuels Equipments for energy generation and conversion: thermal, electrical, mechanical energy, etc Exact sciences and technology Fuel cells Fuel processor Modeling Start-up Steam reforming |
Title | Start-up strategies of an experimental fuel processor |
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