The mystery of language evolution
Understanding the evolution of language requires evidence regarding origins and processes that led to change. In the last 40 years, there has been an explosion of research on this problem as well as a sense that considerable progress has been made. We argue instead that the richness of ideas is acco...
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| Published in | Frontiers in psychology Vol. 5; p. 401 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
07.05.2014
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Understanding the evolution of language requires evidence regarding origins and processes that led to change. In the last 40 years, there has been an explosion of research on this problem as well as a sense that considerable progress has been made. We argue instead that the richness of ideas is accompanied by a poverty of evidence, with essentially no explanation of how and why our linguistic computations and representations evolved. We show that, to date, (1) studies of nonhuman animals provide virtually no relevant parallels to human linguistic communication, and none to the underlying biological capacity; (2) the fossil and archaeological evidence does not inform our understanding of the computations and representations of our earliest ancestors, leaving details of origins and selective pressure unresolved; (3) our understanding of the genetics of language is so impoverished that there is little hope of connecting genes to linguistic processes any time soon; (4) all modeling attempts have made unfounded assumptions, and have provided no empirical tests, thus leaving any insights into language's origins unverifiable. Based on the current state of evidence, we submit that the most fundamental questions about the origins and evolution of our linguistic capacity remain as mysterious as ever, with considerable uncertainty about the discovery of either relevant or conclusive evidence that can adjudicate among the many open hypotheses. We conclude by presenting some suggestions about possible paths forward. |
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| AbstractList | Understanding the evolution of language requires evidence regarding origins and processes that led to change. In the last 40 years, there has been an explosion of research on this problem as well as a sense that considerable progress has been made. We argue instead that the richness of ideas is accompanied by a poverty of evidence, with essentially no explanation of how and why our linguistic computations and representations evolved. We show that, to date, (1) studies of nonhuman animals provide virtually no relevant parallels to human linguistic communication, and none to the underlying biological capacity; (2) the fossil and archaeological evidence does not inform our understanding of the computations and representations of our earliest ancestors, leaving details of origins and selective pressure unresolved; (3) our understanding of the genetics of language is so impoverished that there is little hope of connecting genes to linguistic processes any time soon; (4) all modeling attempts have made unfounded assumptions, and have provided no empirical tests, thus leaving any insights into language's origins unverifiable. Based on the current state of evidence, we submit that the most fundamental questions about the origins and evolution of our linguistic capacity remain as mysterious as ever, with considerable uncertainty about the discovery of either relevant or conclusive evidence that can adjudicate among the many open hypotheses. We conclude by presenting some suggestions about possible paths forward. Understanding the evolution of language requires evidence regarding origins and processes that led to change. In the last 40 years, there has been an explosion of research on this problem as well as a sense that considerable progress has been made. We argue instead that the richness of ideas is accompanied by a poverty of evidence, with essentially no explanation of how and why our linguistic computations and representations evolved. We show that, to date, (1) studies of nonhuman animals provide virtually no relevant parallels to human linguistic communication, and none to the underlying biological capacity; (2) the fossil and archaeological evidence does not inform our understanding of the computations and representations of our earliest ancestors, leaving details of origins and selective pressure unresolved; (3) our understanding of the genetics of language is so impoverished that there is little hope of connecting genes to linguistic processes any time soon; (4) all modeling attempts have made unfounded assumptions, and have provided no empirical tests, thus leaving any insights into language's origins unverifiable. Based on the current state of evidence, we submit that the most fundamental questions about the origins and evolution of our linguistic capacity remain as mysterious as ever, with considerable uncertainty about the discovery of either relevant or conclusive evidence that can adjudicate among the many open hypotheses. We conclude by presenting some suggestions about possible paths forward.Understanding the evolution of language requires evidence regarding origins and processes that led to change. In the last 40 years, there has been an explosion of research on this problem as well as a sense that considerable progress has been made. We argue instead that the richness of ideas is accompanied by a poverty of evidence, with essentially no explanation of how and why our linguistic computations and representations evolved. We show that, to date, (1) studies of nonhuman animals provide virtually no relevant parallels to human linguistic communication, and none to the underlying biological capacity; (2) the fossil and archaeological evidence does not inform our understanding of the computations and representations of our earliest ancestors, leaving details of origins and selective pressure unresolved; (3) our understanding of the genetics of language is so impoverished that there is little hope of connecting genes to linguistic processes any time soon; (4) all modeling attempts have made unfounded assumptions, and have provided no empirical tests, thus leaving any insights into language's origins unverifiable. Based on the current state of evidence, we submit that the most fundamental questions about the origins and evolution of our linguistic capacity remain as mysterious as ever, with considerable uncertainty about the discovery of either relevant or conclusive evidence that can adjudicate among the many open hypotheses. We conclude by presenting some suggestions about possible paths forward. |
| Author | Chomsky, Noam Hauser, Marc D. Yang, Charles Watumull, Jeffrey Lewontin, Richard C. Berwick, Robert C. Tattersall, Ian Ryan, Michael J. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Linguistics and Computer and Information Sciences, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA 5 Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas Austin, TX, USA 4 Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History New York, NY, USA 6 Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, Cambridge University Cambridge, UK 7 Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA 1 Risk-Eraser, LLC West Falmouth, MA, USA 3 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA 8 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Cambridge, MA, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 5 Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas Austin, TX, USA – name: 1 Risk-Eraser, LLC West Falmouth, MA, USA – name: 2 Department of Linguistics and Computer and Information Sciences, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA – name: 4 Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History New York, NY, USA – name: 7 Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA – name: 3 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA – name: 8 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Cambridge, MA, USA – name: 6 Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, Cambridge University Cambridge, UK |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Marc D. surname: Hauser fullname: Hauser, Marc D. – sequence: 2 givenname: Charles surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Charles – sequence: 3 givenname: Robert C. surname: Berwick fullname: Berwick, Robert C. – sequence: 4 givenname: Ian surname: Tattersall fullname: Tattersall, Ian – sequence: 5 givenname: Michael J. surname: Ryan fullname: Ryan, Michael J. – sequence: 6 givenname: Jeffrey surname: Watumull fullname: Watumull, Jeffrey – sequence: 7 givenname: Noam surname: Chomsky fullname: Chomsky, Noam – sequence: 8 givenname: Richard C. surname: Lewontin fullname: Lewontin, Richard C. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24847300$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2014 Hauser, Yang, Berwick, Tattersall, Ryan, Watumull, Chomsky and Lewontin. 2014 |
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| Keywords | language evolution paleoarcheology genetics modelling animal behavior computation |
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| Title | The mystery of language evolution |
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