Evaluation of new Lesquerella and Physaria (Brassicaceae) oilseed germplasm

The seed oil of Lesquerella and the closely related genus Physaria (Brassicaceae) is rich in hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs). HFAs and their derivatives are used to produce a variety of industrial products including lubricants, nylon-11, plastics, drying agents, protective coatings, surfactants, cosmetic...

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Published inAmerican journal of botany Vol. 92; no. 1; pp. 53 - 62
Main Authors Salywon, A.M, Dierig, D.A, Rebman, J.P, Rodriguez, D.J. de
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Botanical Soc America 2005
Botanical Society of America
Botanical Society of America, Inc
Subjects
arid zones
Brassicaceae
Breeding
Crop science
Crops
Economic Botany
fatty acid composition
Fatty acids
genetic variation
germplasm
Germplasm conservation
germplasm evaluation
hydroxy fatty acids
Industrial crops
Lesquerella
Lesquerella fendleri
lesquerella seed
lesquerolic acid
lipid content
New crops
nonfood plant products
Oils & fats
Phenotypic traits
Physaria
plant breeding
Plants
seed oil
seed oils
Seeds
Vegetable oils
wild plants
Mexico
Southwestern United States
USA
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Summary:The seed oil of Lesquerella and the closely related genus Physaria (Brassicaceae) is rich in hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs). HFAs and their derivatives are used to produce a variety of industrial products including lubricants, nylon-11, plastics, drying agents, protective coatings, surfactants, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Lesquerella fendleri is being developed as a new crop for arid regions of the southwestern United States as an alternative source of HFAs. Between 1995 and 2001, 66 accessions from 28 species of Lesquerella were collected in the United States, 33 accessions from four species were collected in Mexico, and 41 accessions from 15 species of Physaria were collected from the southwestern United States. Mean seed mass ranged from 0.54 to 2.30 mg for Lesquerella compared to 1.70 to 5.80 mg for PHYSARIA: Seed oil content ranged from a high of 32.2% in Lesquerella to a high of 35.4% in PHYSARIA: The fatty acid profile of all species of Physaria and most of the lesquerolic-acid-rich species of Lesquerella contained from 30 to 55% lesquerolic acid, although several species contained >60%. These collections of wild germplasm provide a diverse gene pool that should enhance our breeding program in developing a domestic source of HFAs.
Bibliography:http://www.amjbot.org/
http://hdl.handle.net/10113/40016
Physaria
The authors thank Gail Dahlquist, USDA, ARS, United States Water Conservation Laboratory for the seed mass, fatty acid, and oil content analysis, Steve O'Kane, University of Northern Iowa, for kindly verifying determinations of several
and
Lesquerella
species, Ishan Al‐Shehbaz for graciously providing access to the collections at MO during a weekend, Ignacio Moreno Murrieta, Raul Rodríguez‐García, and José Angel Villareal for their assistance in the field, and the curators of ANSM, ASU, BRY, COLO, GH, MO, and RM for making collections available for this study. Neil Snow and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Fieldwork was supported by a grant from the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) through the USDA, ARS, National Germplasm Resources Lab.
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ISSN:0002-9122
1537-2197
DOI:10.3732/ajb.92.1.53