Semi-Supervised Facial Acne Segmentation Using Bidirectional Copy–Paste

• Published in: Diagnostics (Basel) Vol. 14; no. 10; p. 1040
• Main Authors: Kim, Semin, Yoon, Huisu, Lee, Jongha
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.05.2024
• Subjects: Ablation; Acne; acne segmentation; bidirectional copy–paste; Deep learning; Diagnosis; Image segmentation; Machine learning; Medical research; Methods; Neural networks; semantic segmentation; Semantics; semi-supervised learning; South Korea; deep learning; acne segmentation; bidirectional copy–paste; semantic segmentation; semi-supervised learning
• DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14101040
• ISSN: 2075-4418

Facial acne is a prevalent dermatological condition regularly observed in the general population. However, it is important to detect acne early as the condition can worsen if not treated. For this purpose, deep-learning-based methods have been proposed to automate detection, but acquiring acne training data is not easy. Therefore, this study proposes a novel deep learning model for facial acne segmentation utilizing a semi-supervised learning method known as bidirectional copy–paste, which synthesizes images by interchanging foreground and background parts between labeled and unlabeled images during the training phase. To overcome the lower performance observed in the labeled image training part compared to the previous methods, a new framework was devised to directly compute the training loss based on labeled images. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated against previous semi-supervised learning methods using images cropped from facial images at acne sites. The proposed method achieved a Dice score of 0.5205 in experiments utilizing only 3% of labels, marking an improvement of 0.0151 to 0.0473 in Dice score over previous methods. The proposed semi-supervised learning approach for facial acne segmentation demonstrated an improvement in performance, offering a novel direction for future acne analysis.