Cyclic AMP restores appressorium formation inhibited by polyamines in Magnaporthe grisea
Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast, forms a dome-shaped melanized infection structure, an appressorium, to infect its host. Environmental cues that induce appressorium formation in this fungus include the hydrophobicity and hardness of the contact surface and chemicals produced by th...
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| Published in | Phytopathology Vol. 88; no. 1; pp. 58 - 62 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
St. Paul, MN
American Phytopathological Society
01.01.1998
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| Abstract | Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast, forms a dome-shaped melanized infection structure, an appressorium, to infect its host. Environmental cues that induce appressorium formation in this fungus include the hydrophobicity and hardness of the contact surface and chemicals produced by the host. An elevated concentration of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) has been implicated in appressorium differentiation in M. grisea. Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are involved in cell growth and differentiation in awide range of organisms. To understand the role of polyamines in appressorium differentiation in M. grisea, intracellular polyamines were quantified,and the effects of polyamines and polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors on conidial germination and appressorium formation were tested. High levels of polyamines were detected in freshly collected spores, but the levels decreased during conidial germination. Spermidine was found to be the major component. Polyamines and polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors did not affect conidial germination, but polyamines specifically impaired appressorium formation. Furthermore, exogenous addition of cAMP restored appressorium formation inhibited by polyamines. These results suggest that polyamines may reduce intracellular cAMP levels in M. grisea, leading to the inhibition of appressorium formation |
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| AbstractList | Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast, forms a dome-shaped melanized infection structure, an appressorium, to infect its host. Environmental cues that induce appressorium formation in this fungus include the hydrophobicity and hardness of the contact surface and chemicals produced by the host. An elevated concentration of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) has been implicated in appressorium differentiation in M. grisea. Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are involved in cell growth and differentiation in awide range of organisms. To understand the role of polyamines in appressorium differentiation in M. grisea, intracellular polyamines were quantified,and the effects of polyamines and polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors on conidial germination and appressorium formation were tested. High levels of polyamines were detected in freshly collected spores, but the levels decreased during conidial germination. Spermidine was found to be the major component. Polyamines and polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors did not affect conidial germination, but polyamines specifically impaired appressorium formation. Furthermore, exogenous addition of cAMP restored appressorium formation inhibited by polyamines. These results suggest that polyamines may reduce intracellular cAMP levels in M. grisea, leading to the inhibition of appressorium formation Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast, forms a dome-shaped melanized infection structure, an appressorium, to infect its host. Environmental cues that induce appressorium formation in this fungus include the hydrophobicity and hardness of the contact surface and chemicals produced by the host. An elevated concentration of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) has been implicated in appressorium differentiation in M. grisea. Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and sper-mine) are involved in cell growth and differentiation in a wide range of organisms. To understand the role of polyamines in appressorium differentiation in M. grisea, intracellular polyamines were quantified, and the effects of polyamines and polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors on conidial germination and appressorium formation were tested. High levels of polyamines were detected in freshly collected spores, but the levels decreased during conidial germination. Spermidine was found to be the major component. Polyamines and polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors did not affect conidial germination, but polyamines specifically impaired appressorium formation. Furthermore, exogenous addition of cAMP restored appressorium formation inhibited by poly-amines. These results suggest that polyamines may reduce intracellular cAMP levels in M. grisea, leading to the inhibition of appressorium formation. ABSTRACT Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast, forms a dome-shaped melanized infection structure, an appressorium, to infect its host. Environmental cues that induce appressorium formation in this fungus include the hydrophobicity and hardness of the contact surface and chemicals produced by the host. An elevated concentration of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) has been implicated in appressorium differentiation in M. grisea. Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and sper-mine) are involved in cell growth and differentiation in a wide range of organisms. To understand the role of polyamines in appressorium differentiation in M. grisea, intracellular polyamines were quantified, and the effects of polyamines and polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors on conidial germination and appressorium formation were tested. High levels of polyamines were detected in freshly collected spores, but the levels decreased during conidial germination. Spermidine was found to be the major component. Polyamines and polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors did not affect conidial germination, but polyamines specifically impaired appressorium formation. Furthermore, exogenous addition of cAMP restored appressorium formation inhibited by poly-amines. These results suggest that polyamines may reduce intracellular cAMP levels in M. grisea, leading to the inhibition of appressorium formation. |
| Author | Kang, S.H Choi, W.B. (Clemson University, Clemson, SC.) Lee, Y.W Lee, Y.H |
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| Keywords | Fungi Polyamine Spermine Plant pathogen Infectivity Spermidine Cyclic AMP Ascomycetes Inhibition Putrescine Appressorium Thallophyta |
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| Snippet | Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast, forms a dome-shaped melanized infection structure, an appressorium, to infect its host. Environmental cues... ABSTRACT Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast, forms a dome-shaped melanized infection structure, an appressorium, to infect its host.... |
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| SubjectTerms | AGENT PATHOGENE AMP ANATOMIA DE LA PLANTA ANATOMIE VEGETALE APPRESSORIA Biological and medical sciences BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT CONIDIA DESARROLLO BIOLOGICO DEVELOPPEMENT BIOLOGIQUE DIFLUOROMETHYLORNITHINE DOSAGE EFFECTS EFECTOS DE DOSIFICACION EFFET DOSE ENFERMEDADES FUNGOSAS ESPERMIDINA ESPERMINA ESPORAS ESPORAS FUNGICAS Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology FUNGAL DISEASES Fungal plant pathogens FUNGAL SPORES GERMINACION GERMINATION INFECTIVITY MAGNAPORTHE MALADIE FONGIQUE METHYLGLYOXAL BIS-(GUANYLHYDRAZONE) ONTOGENY ORGANISMOS PATOGENOS ORYZA SATIVA PATHOGENICITY PATHOGENS PATOGENICIDAD Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection PLANT ANATOMY POUVOIR PATHOGENE PUTRESCINA PUTRESCINE REGULATION SPERMIDINE SPERMINE SPORE SPORE FONGIQUE SPORES Systematics. Morphology. Development cycle. Physiology |
| Title | Cyclic AMP restores appressorium formation inhibited by polyamines in Magnaporthe grisea |
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