Antimicrobial Efficiency of Some Essential Oils in Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a non-fermentative Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, frequently encountered in difficult-to-treat hospital-acquired infections and also wastewaters. The natural resistance of this pathogen, together with the frequent occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains, make curre...

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Published inPlants (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 15; p. 2003
Main Authors Van, Luc Tran, Hagiu, Ilinca, Popovici, Adelina, Marinescu, Florica, Gheorghe, Irina, Curutiu, Carmen, Ditu, Lia Mara, Holban, Alina-Maria, Sesan, Tatiana Eugenia, Lazar, Veronica
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Published Basel MDPI AG 31.07.2022
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Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a non-fermentative Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, frequently encountered in difficult-to-treat hospital-acquired infections and also wastewaters. The natural resistance of this pathogen, together with the frequent occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains, make current antibiotic therapy inefficient in treating P. aeruginosa infections. Antibiotic therapy creates a huge pressure to select resistant strains in clinical settings but also in the environment, since high amounts of antibiotics are released in waters and soil. Essential oils (EOs) and plant-derived compounds are efficient, ecologic, and sustainable alternatives in the management of various diseases, including infections. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial effects of four commercial essential oils, namely, tea tree, thyme, sage, and eucalyptus, on 36 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from hospital infections and wastewaters. Bacterial strains were characterized in terms of virulence and antimicrobial resistance. The results show that most strains expressed soluble pore toxin virulence factors such as lecithinase (89–100%) and lipase (72–86%). All P. aeruginosa strains were positive for alginate encoding gene and 94.44% for protease IV; most of the strains were exotoxin producers (i.e., 80.56% for the ExoS gene, 77.78% for the ExoT gene, while the ExoU gene was present in 38.98% of the strains). Phospholipase-encoding genes (plc) were identified in 91.67/86.11% of the cases (plcH/plcN genes). A high antibiotic resistance level was identified, most of the strains being resistant to cabapenems and cephalosporins. Cabapenem resistance was higher in hospital and hospital wastewater strains (55.56–100%) as compared to those in urban wastewater. The most frequently encountered encoding genes were for extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), namely, blaCTX-M (83.33% of the strains), blaSHV (80.56%), blaGES (52.78%), and blaVEB (13.89%), followed by carbapenemase-encoding genes (blaVIM, 8.33%). Statistical comparison of the EOs’ antimicrobial results showed that thyme gave the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBEC) in P. aeruginosa-resistant isolates, making this EO a competitive candidate for the development of efficient and ecologic antimicrobial alternatives.
AbstractList Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a non-fermentative Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, frequently encountered in difficult-to-treat hospital-acquired infections and also wastewaters. The natural resistance of this pathogen, together with the frequent occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains, make current antibiotic therapy inefficient in treating P. aeruginosa infections. Antibiotic therapy creates a huge pressure to select resistant strains in clinical settings but also in the environment, since high amounts of antibiotics are released in waters and soil. Essential oils (EOs) and plant-derived compounds are efficient, ecologic, and sustainable alternatives in the management of various diseases, including infections. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial effects of four commercial essential oils, namely, tea tree, thyme, sage, and eucalyptus, on 36 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from hospital infections and wastewaters. Bacterial strains were characterized in terms of virulence and antimicrobial resistance. The results show that most strains expressed soluble pore toxin virulence factors such as lecithinase (89–100%) and lipase (72–86%). All P. aeruginosa strains were positive for alginate encoding gene and 94.44% for protease IV; most of the strains were exotoxin producers (i.e., 80.56% for the ExoS gene, 77.78% for the ExoT gene, while the ExoU gene was present in 38.98% of the strains). Phospholipase-encoding genes (plc) were identified in 91.67/86.11% of the cases (plcH/plcN genes). A high antibiotic resistance level was identified, most of the strains being resistant to cabapenems and cephalosporins. Cabapenem resistance was higher in hospital and hospital wastewater strains (55.56–100%) as compared to those in urban wastewater. The most frequently encountered encoding genes were for extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), namely, blaCTX-M (83.33% of the strains), blaSHV (80.56%), blaGES (52.78%), and blaVEB (13.89%), followed by carbapenemase-encoding genes (blaVIM, 8.33%). Statistical comparison of the EOs’ antimicrobial results showed that thyme gave the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBEC) in P. aeruginosa-resistant isolates, making this EO a competitive candidate for the development of efficient and ecologic antimicrobial alternatives.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a non-fermentative Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, frequently encountered in difficult-to-treat hospital-acquired infections and also wastewaters. The natural resistance of this pathogen, together with the frequent occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains, make current antibiotic therapy inefficient in treating P. aeruginosa infections. Antibiotic therapy creates a huge pressure to select resistant strains in clinical settings but also in the environment, since high amounts of antibiotics are released in waters and soil. Essential oils (EOs) and plant-derived compounds are efficient, ecologic, and sustainable alternatives in the management of various diseases, including infections. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial effects of four commercial essential oils, namely, tea tree, thyme, sage, and eucalyptus, on 36 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from hospital infections and wastewaters. Bacterial strains were characterized in terms of virulence and antimicrobial resistance. The results show that most strains expressed soluble pore toxin virulence factors such as lecithinase (89–100%) and lipase (72–86%). All P. aeruginosa strains were positive for alginate encoding gene and 94.44% for protease IV; most of the strains were exotoxin producers (i.e., 80.56% for the ExoS gene, 77.78% for the ExoT gene, while the ExoU gene was present in 38.98% of the strains). Phospholipase-encoding genes (plc) were identified in 91.67/86.11% of the cases (plcH/plcN genes). A high antibiotic resistance level was identified, most of the strains being resistant to cabapenems and cephalosporins. Cabapenem resistance was higher in hospital and hospital wastewater strains (55.56–100%) as compared to those in urban wastewater. The most frequently encountered encoding genes were for extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), namely, bla CTX-M (83.33% of the strains), bla SHV (80.56%), bla GES (52.78%), and bla VEB (13.89%), followed by carbapenemase-encoding genes ( bla VIM , 8.33%). Statistical comparison of the EOs’ antimicrobial results showed that thyme gave the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBEC) in P. aeruginosa -resistant isolates, making this EO a competitive candidate for the development of efficient and ecologic antimicrobial alternatives.
Author Popovici, Adelina
Holban, Alina-Maria
Hagiu, Ilinca
Curutiu, Carmen
Ditu, Lia Mara
Gheorghe, Irina
Sesan, Tatiana Eugenia
Van, Luc Tran
Lazar, Veronica
Marinescu, Florica
AuthorAffiliation 2 Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
3 The Overlake Private School, 108th St., Redmond, WA 98053, USA; ilincah@hotmail.com
1 Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 77206 Bucharest, Romania; luctv@vxut.edu.vn (L.T.V.); a.popovici20@s.bio.unibuc.ro (A.P.); florica.marinescu@bio.unibuc.ro (F.M.); irina.gheorghe@bio.unibuc.ro (I.G.); lia-mara.ditu@bio.unibuc.ro (L.M.D.); alina.m.holban@bio.unibuc.ro (A.-M.H.); tatianasesan@yahoo.com (T.E.S.); veronica.lazar@bio.unibuc.ro (V.L.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 The Overlake Private School, 108th St., Redmond, WA 98053, USA; ilincah@hotmail.com
– name: 2 Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
– name: 1 Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 77206 Bucharest, Romania; luctv@vxut.edu.vn (L.T.V.); a.popovici20@s.bio.unibuc.ro (A.P.); florica.marinescu@bio.unibuc.ro (F.M.); irina.gheorghe@bio.unibuc.ro (I.G.); lia-mara.ditu@bio.unibuc.ro (L.M.D.); alina.m.holban@bio.unibuc.ro (A.-M.H.); tatianasesan@yahoo.com (T.E.S.); veronica.lazar@bio.unibuc.ro (V.L.)
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Snippet Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a non-fermentative Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, frequently encountered in difficult-to-treat hospital-acquired infections...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a non-fermentative Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, frequently encountered in difficult-to-treat hospital-acquired infections...
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SubjectTerms Alginates
Alginic acid
alternative antimicrobials
Antibacterial activity
Antibiotic resistance
antibiotic-resistant strains
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial resistance
Bacteria
Biofilms
Carbapenemase
Cephalosporins
Drug resistance
Efficiency
Essential oils
Eucalyptus
Exotoxins
Genes
Hospital wastes
Investigations
Lecithinase
Medical wastes
Metabolism
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Multidrug resistance
Nosocomial infection
Nosocomial infections
Oils & fats
Opportunist infection
Pathogens
Plant bacterial diseases
Plants
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Strains (organisms)
tea tree
Thyme
Toxins
Virulence
Virulence factors
virulence markers
Wastewater
β Lactamase
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Title Antimicrobial Efficiency of Some Essential Oils in Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9370326
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Volume 11
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