Traditional Gender Differences Create Gaps in the Effect of COVID-19 on Psychological Distress of Japanese Workers
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused Japanese workers psychological distress through crises of health, economics, and social relationships. To assess whether these effects are amplified by the gender bias that exists in Japan, we examined male and female worker’s psychological distress and difficulties...
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| Published in | International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 18; no. 16; p. 8656 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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16.08.2021
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| Abstract | The COVID-19 pandemic has caused Japanese workers psychological distress through crises of health, economics, and social relationships. To assess whether these effects are amplified by the gender bias that exists in Japan, we examined male and female worker’s psychological distress and difficulties during the pandemic. An online “COVID-19-related difficulties” questionnaire, based on item response theory, gathered responses from 3464 workers in October and November 2020. The workers’ psychological distress was found concerned to be significantly worse than before the pandemic. Basic stressors related to infection anxiety, economic anxiety, and restrictions on social interactions and outings. Men’s and women’s experiences of difficulties were consistent with traditional gender roles in Japan: men were more likely to face job-related stressors, such as economic insecurity and work-style changes; women were more likely to face non-job-related stressors, such as increased living costs and reduced social interactions. Policymakers and employers should consider the association between gender differences and industry types, and implement measures to strengthen the acceptability of mental health care. |
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| AbstractList | The COVID-19 pandemic has caused Japanese workers psychological distress through crises of health, economics, and social relationships. To assess whether these effects are amplified by the gender bias that exists in Japan, we examined male and female worker’s psychological distress and difficulties during the pandemic. An online “COVID-19-related difficulties” questionnaire, based on item response theory, gathered responses from 3464 workers in October and November 2020. The workers’ psychological distress was found concerned to be significantly worse than before the pandemic. Basic stressors related to infection anxiety, economic anxiety, and restrictions on social interactions and outings. Men’s and women’s experiences of difficulties were consistent with traditional gender roles in Japan: men were more likely to face job-related stressors, such as economic insecurity and work-style changes; women were more likely to face non-job-related stressors, such as increased living costs and reduced social interactions. Policymakers and employers should consider the association between gender differences and industry types, and implement measures to strengthen the acceptability of mental health care. |
| Author | Takebayashi, Yui Kobayashi, Tomoyuki Maeda, Masaharu Sato, Hideki |
| AuthorAffiliation | Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; masagen@fmu.ac.jp (M.M.); takeb-ky@fmu.ac.jp (Y.T.); hidekis@fmu.ac.jp (H.S.) |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; masagen@fmu.ac.jp (M.M.); takeb-ky@fmu.ac.jp (Y.T.); hidekis@fmu.ac.jp (H.S.) |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3390_su131910819 crossref_primary_10_1111_ases_13123 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijdrr_2022_103429 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40359_024_01715_8 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0271001 crossref_primary_10_11560_jhpr_211104167 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_023_17230_1 crossref_primary_10_1080_17441730_2023_2239583 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph182212176 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph19052872 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph20053851 |
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| SubjectTerms | Anxiety Coronaviruses COVID-19 Discrimination Economics Employment Gender Gender aspects Human bias Item response theory Labor unions Mental health Psychological stress Sex differences Social factors Social interactions Suicides & suicide attempts Workers |
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| Title | Traditional Gender Differences Create Gaps in the Effect of COVID-19 on Psychological Distress of Japanese Workers |
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