A tidally breathing model of ventilation, perfusion and volume in normal and diseased lungs

To simulate the short-term dynamics of soluble gas exchange (e.g. CO2 rebreathing), model structure, ventilation–perfusion ( V˙A/ Q˙) and ventilation–volume ( V˙A/VA) parameters must be selected correctly. Some diseases affect mainly the V˙A/ Q˙ distribution while others affect both V˙A/ Q˙ and V˙A/...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inBritish journal of anaesthesia : BJA Vol. 97; no. 5; pp. 718 - 731
Main Authors Yem, J.S., Turner, M.J., Baker, A.B., Young, I.H., Crawford, A.B.H.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2006
Oxford University Press
Oxford Publishing Limited (England)
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Loading…
Abstract To simulate the short-term dynamics of soluble gas exchange (e.g. CO2 rebreathing), model structure, ventilation–perfusion ( V˙A/ Q˙) and ventilation–volume ( V˙A/VA) parameters must be selected correctly. Some diseases affect mainly the V˙A/ Q˙ distribution while others affect both V˙A/ Q˙ and V˙A/VA distributions. Results from the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) and multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) can be used to select V˙A/ Q˙ and V˙A/VA parameters, but no method exists for combining V˙A/ Q˙ and V˙A/VA parameters in a multicompartment lung model. We define a tidally breathing lung model containing shunt and up to eight alveolar compartments. Quantitative and qualitative understanding of the diseases is used to reduce the number of model compartments to achieve a unique solution. The reduced model is fitted simultaneously to inert gas retentions calculated from published V˙A/ Q˙ distributions and normalized MBNWs obtained from similar subjects. Normal lungs and representative cases of emphysema and embolism are studied. The normal, emphysematous and embolism models simplify to one, three and two alveolar compartments, respectively. The models reproduce their respective MIGET and MBNW patient results well, and predict disease-specific steady-state and dynamic soluble and insoluble gas responses.
AbstractList To simulate the short-term dynamics of soluble gas exchange (e.g. CO2 rebreathing), model structure, ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) and ventilation-volume (VA/VA) parameters must be selected correctly. Some diseases affect mainly the VA/Q distribution while others affect both VA/Q and VA/VA distributions. Results from the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) and multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) can be used to select VA/Q and VA/VA parameters, but no method exists for combining VA/Q and VA/VA parameters in a multicompartment lung model. We define a tidally breathing lung model containing shunt and up to eight alveolar compartments. Quantitative and qualitative understanding of the diseases is used to reduce the number of model compartments to achieve a unique solution. The reduced model is fitted simultaneously to inert gas retentions calculated from published VA/Q distributions and normalized MBNWs obtained from similar subjects. Normal lungs and representative cases of emphysema and embolism are studied. The normal, emphysematous and embolism models simplify to one, three and two alveolar compartments, respectively. The models reproduce their respective MIGET and MBNW patient results well, and predict disease-specific steady-state and dynamic soluble and insoluble gas responses.
Background. To simulate the short-term dynamics of soluble gas exchange (e.g. CO2 rebreathing), model structure, ventilation–perfusion (V˙A/Q˙) and ventilation–volume (V˙A/VA) parameters must be selected correctly. Some diseases affect mainly the V˙A/Q˙ distribution while others affect both V˙A/Q˙ and V˙A/VA distributions. Results from the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) and multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) can be used to select V˙A/Q˙ and V˙A/VA parameters, but no method exists for combining V˙A/Q˙ and V˙A/VA parameters in a multicompartment lung model. Methods. We define a tidally breathing lung model containing shunt and up to eight alveolar compartments. Quantitative and qualitative understanding of the diseases is used to reduce the number of model compartments to achieve a unique solution. The reduced model is fitted simultaneously to inert gas retentions calculated from published V˙A/Q˙ distributions and normalized MBNWs obtained from similar subjects. Normal lungs and representative cases of emphysema and embolism are studied. Results. The normal, emphysematous and embolism models simplify to one, three and two alveolar compartments, respectively. Conclusions. The models reproduce their respective MIGET and MBNW patient results well, and predict disease-specific steady-state and dynamic soluble and insoluble gas responses.
To simulate the short-term dynamics of soluble gas exchange (e.g. CO2 rebreathing), model structure, ventilation–perfusion ( V˙A/ Q˙) and ventilation–volume ( V˙A/VA) parameters must be selected correctly. Some diseases affect mainly the V˙A/ Q˙ distribution while others affect both V˙A/ Q˙ and V˙A/VA distributions. Results from the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) and multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) can be used to select V˙A/ Q˙ and V˙A/VA parameters, but no method exists for combining V˙A/ Q˙ and V˙A/VA parameters in a multicompartment lung model. We define a tidally breathing lung model containing shunt and up to eight alveolar compartments. Quantitative and qualitative understanding of the diseases is used to reduce the number of model compartments to achieve a unique solution. The reduced model is fitted simultaneously to inert gas retentions calculated from published V˙A/ Q˙ distributions and normalized MBNWs obtained from similar subjects. Normal lungs and representative cases of emphysema and embolism are studied. The normal, emphysematous and embolism models simplify to one, three and two alveolar compartments, respectively. The models reproduce their respective MIGET and MBNW patient results well, and predict disease-specific steady-state and dynamic soluble and insoluble gas responses.
BACKGROUND: To simulate the short-term dynamics of soluble gas exchange (e.g. CO2 rebreathing), model structure, ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) and ventilation-volume (VA/VA) parameters must be selected correctly. Some diseases affect mainly the VA/Q distribution while others affect both VA/Q and VA/VA distributions. Results from the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) and multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) can be used to select VA/Q and VA/VA parameters, but no method exists for combining VA/Q and VA/VA parameters in a multicompartment lung model. METHODS: We define a tidally breathing lung model containing shunt and up to eight alveolar compartments. Quantitative and qualitative understanding of the diseases is used to reduce the number of model compartments to achieve a unique solution. The reduced model is fitted simultaneously to inert gas retentions calculated from published VA/Q distributions and normalized MBNWs obtained from similar subjects. Normal lungs and representative cases of emphysema and embolism are studied. RESULTS: The normal, emphysematous and embolism models simplify to one, three and two alveolar compartments, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The models reproduce their respective MIGET and MBNW patient results well, and predict disease-specific steady-state and dynamic soluble and insoluble gas responses.
BACKGROUNDTo simulate the short-term dynamics of soluble gas exchange (e.g. CO2 rebreathing), model structure, ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) and ventilation-volume (VA/VA) parameters must be selected correctly. Some diseases affect mainly the VA/Q distribution while others affect both VA/Q and VA/VA distributions. Results from the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) and multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) can be used to select VA/Q and VA/VA parameters, but no method exists for combining VA/Q and VA/VA parameters in a multicompartment lung model.METHODSWe define a tidally breathing lung model containing shunt and up to eight alveolar compartments. Quantitative and qualitative understanding of the diseases is used to reduce the number of model compartments to achieve a unique solution. The reduced model is fitted simultaneously to inert gas retentions calculated from published VA/Q distributions and normalized MBNWs obtained from similar subjects. Normal lungs and representative cases of emphysema and embolism are studied.RESULTSThe normal, emphysematous and embolism models simplify to one, three and two alveolar compartments, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe models reproduce their respective MIGET and MBNW patient results well, and predict disease-specific steady-state and dynamic soluble and insoluble gas responses.
Author Baker, A.B.
Young, I.H.
Crawford, A.B.H.
Turner, M.J.
Yem, J.S.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: J.S.
  surname: Yem
  fullname: Yem, J.S.
  organization: Department of Anaesthetics, The University of Sydney, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
– sequence: 2
  givenname: M.J.
  surname: Turner
  fullname: Turner, M.J.
  email: mjturner@usyd.edu.au
  organization: Department of Anaesthetics, The University of Sydney, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
– sequence: 3
  givenname: A.B.
  surname: Baker
  fullname: Baker, A.B.
  organization: Department of Anaesthetics, The University of Sydney, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
– sequence: 4
  givenname: I.H.
  surname: Young
  fullname: Young, I.H.
  organization: Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Sydney, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
– sequence: 5
  givenname: A.B.H.
  surname: Crawford
  fullname: Crawford, A.B.H.
  organization: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
BackLink http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18248248$$DView record in Pascal Francis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16926169$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNpt0F1rFDEUBuAgFbut3vgDJAh6IY5NZjL5uCxVW2HBCyuIXoTM5EzNmkm2ycxi_33TzmKhCCE5SR4Oh_cIHYQYAKGXlHygRDUn3cacGPA15U_QijJBKy4EPUArQoioiKL1ITrKeUMIFbVqn6FDylXNy7ZCv07x5Kzx_gZ3Ccz024UrPEYLHscB7yBMzpvJxfAebyENcy4lNsHiXfTzCNgFHGIajb9_tC6DyWCxn8NVfo6eDsZneLE_j9H3z58uzy6q9dfzL2en66pnnE4VB0OHWtSN7EjbSNVYLnrRKqZkuXAmBAE-NA1IwpToBlK3RHHZUmpsY2zdHKO3S99titcz5EmPLvfgvQkQ56y5VIwxzgt8_Qhu4pxCmU1TJUpOrWQFvVtQn2LOCQa9TW406UZTou_y1iVvveRd8Kt9x7kbwT7QfcAFvNkDk3vjh2RC7_KDkzW7W8VVi3N5gr___k36o7loRKsvfvzUYn0ppPxI9bfi2eKhBLtzkHTuHYQerEvQT9pG9795bwFY-apM
CODEN BJANAD
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1080_15287394_2021_2006845
crossref_primary_10_1093_bja_ael272
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40635_014_0023_0
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_medengphy_2010_10_007
crossref_primary_10_1186_1742_4682_11_32
crossref_primary_10_1002_jat_1651
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_92062_w
crossref_primary_10_1139_cjpp_2021_0044
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_medengphy_2009_07_009
crossref_primary_10_1093_bja_aeu377
crossref_primary_10_1002_wsbm_1244
crossref_primary_10_1088_1752_7155_3_2_027005
Cites_doi 10.1152/jappl.1990.68.4.1621
10.1093/bja/ael214
10.1152/jappl.2000.88.2.705
10.1152/jappl.1961.16.6.1115
10.1172/JCI108630
10.1136/thx.36.2.135
10.1378/chest.83.3.528
10.1152/jappl.1979.46.3.579
10.1136/thx.49.11.1169
10.1152/jappl.1999.87.1.161
10.1152/jappl.1975.38.6.1099
10.1097/00000542-196912000-00012
10.1097/00000542-200604000-00013
10.1088/0967-3334/26/6/019
10.1152/jappl.2001.91.1.3
10.1152/jappl.1989.66.6.2502
10.1164/arrd.1983.128.1.170
10.1093/bja/aei212
10.1177/0310057X0102900103
10.1152/jappl.1978.44.3.416
10.1016/0034-5687(67)90018-7
10.1152/jappl.2001.91.1.10
10.1007/BF02443310
10.1002/mrm.10091
10.1097/00000542-200304000-00014
10.1378/chest.96.2.357
10.1152/jappl.1979.46.6.1207
10.1152/jappl.1983.55.2.562
10.1093/bja/70.3.248
10.1152/jappl.1974.36.5.588
10.1016/0034-5687(68)90058-3
10.1152/jappl.1990.69.6.2269
10.1152/jappl.2001.91.1.17
10.1016/0034-5687(85)90059-3
10.1164/ajrccm.162.1.9907119
10.1152/jappl.1979.47.4.896
10.1136/thx.49.9.924
10.1093/bja/59.12.1579
10.1172/JCI107750
10.1093/bja/aeg142
10.1164/ajrccm/144.3_Pt_1.513
10.1152/jappl.1998.85.6.2337
10.1152/jappl.1975.38.2.328
10.1016/j.resp.2005.06.002
10.1136/thx.49.12.1251
10.1378/chest.122.4.1382
10.1007/BF02476922
10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00239-0
10.1136/thx.49.8.815
10.1016/S1569-9048(02)00066-6
10.1053/jcan.2001.26548
10.1152/jappl.1977.42.6.889
10.1164/rccm.2111084
10.1016/S0034-5687(00)00185-7
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2006 British Journal of Anaesthesia
2007 INIST-CNRS
Copyright Oxford University Press(England) Nov 2006
Copyright_xml – notice: 2006 British Journal of Anaesthesia
– notice: 2007 INIST-CNRS
– notice: Copyright Oxford University Press(England) Nov 2006
DBID 6I.
AAFTH
BSCLL
IQODW
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
K9.
7X8
DOI 10.1093/bja/ael216
DatabaseName ScienceDirect Open Access Titles
Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access
Istex
Pascal-Francis
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
CrossRef
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
CrossRef
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE


ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
EISSN 1471-6771
EndPage 731
ExternalDocumentID 1218680611
10_1093_bja_ael216
16926169
18248248
ark_67375_HXZ_7LT788D1_S
S0007091217353783
Genre Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
GroupedDBID ---
-E4
.2P
.55
.GJ
.I3
.XZ
.ZR
18M
1TH
23N
2WC
354
3O-
4.4
482
48X
53G
5GY
5RE
5VS
5WA
6.Y
6I.
6PF
70D
AACTN
AAEDW
AAESY
AAFTH
AAIAV
AAIYJ
AAJKP
AALRI
AAMVS
AAOGV
AAPNW
AAPXW
AAQQT
AAUQX
AAVAP
AAWTL
AAXUO
ABEUO
ABIXL
ABJNI
ABKDP
ABLJU
ABMAC
ABNKS
ABPTD
ABQLI
ABQTQ
ABSMQ
ABVKL
ABXVV
ABZBJ
ACCJX
ACFRR
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACMRT
ACPQN
ACUFI
ACUTJ
ACUTO
ADBBV
ADEYI
ADHKW
ADHZD
ADJQC
ADOCK
ADORX
ADQLU
ADRIX
ADZXQ
AEGPL
AEJOX
AEKPW
AEMDU
AENEX
AENZO
AEPUE
AEWNT
AFFNX
AFIYH
AFOSN
AFTJW
AFXEN
AGKEF
AGKRT
AGSYK
AHMBA
AHPSJ
AHXPO
AI.
AIAGR
AIJHB
AITUG
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALUQC
AMRAJ
APIBT
APWMN
ASPBG
AVWKF
AWCFO
AXUDD
AZFZN
BAWUL
BEYMZ
BGYMP
BHONS
BVRKM
BZKNY
C1A
C45
CAG
COF
CS3
CZ4
DIK
DILTD
DU5
D~K
E3Z
EBS
EE~
EJD
F5P
F9B
FDB
FEDTE
GX1
H5~
HAR
HVGLF
HW0
HZ~
IH2
IOX
J21
J5H
KAQDR
KC5
KOP
KQ8
KSI
KSN
L7B
M-Z
M41
M49
N9A
NCXOZ
NGC
NTWIH
NU-
O0~
OAWHX
OHH
OJQWA
OJZSN
OK1
OVD
O~Y
P2P
PB-
PEELM
PQQKQ
Q1.
Q5Y
R44
RD5
RHF
RNI
ROL
ROX
ROZ
RW1
RXO
RZF
RZO
SSZ
TEORI
TJX
TMA
TR2
VH1
W2D
W8F
WH7
WOQ
WOW
X7H
X7M
YHG
ZA5
ZGI
ZKX
ZXP
~91
0R~
ABEJV
ADVLN
AEHUL
AFETI
AFJKZ
AFSHK
AGMDO
AKRWK
BSCLL
H13
08R
AAUGY
ABPTK
IQODW
0SF
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
K9.
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c461t-6ea1f27238b053893d67c75949889364770e6f33e80497bf0250968511ad3ad23
IEDL.DBID ABVKL
ISSN 0007-0912
IngestDate Thu Oct 24 23:40:04 EDT 2024
Mon Nov 04 11:07:31 EST 2024
Thu Sep 26 15:46:40 EDT 2024
Wed Oct 16 00:57:16 EDT 2024
Sun Oct 22 16:08:25 EDT 2023
Wed Oct 30 09:38:38 EDT 2024
Fri Feb 23 02:35:51 EST 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 5
Keywords ventilation inhomogeneity
modelling
ventilation/perfusion distribution
Short term
Human
Dynamic response
Lung disease
Nitrogen washout
Shunt
Respiratory disease
Carbon dioxide
Steady state
Embolism
Inert gas
Lung volume
Bronchus disease
Anesthesia
Obstructive pulmonary disease
Gas exchange
Emphysema
Language English
License CC BY 4.0
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c461t-6ea1f27238b053893d67c75949889364770e6f33e80497bf0250968511ad3ad23
Notes ark:/67375/HXZ-7LT788D1-S
This article is accompanied by the Editorial.
istex:07CBB551A215A2EB789EB926C063EB3F96CA8748
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007091217353783
PMID 16926169
PQID 197912584
PQPubID 41750
PageCount 14
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_68944466
proquest_journals_197912584
crossref_primary_10_1093_bja_ael216
pubmed_primary_16926169
pascalfrancis_primary_18248248
istex_primary_ark_67375_HXZ_7LT788D1_S
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1093_bja_ael216
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2006-11-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2006-11-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 11
  year: 2006
  text: 2006-11-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2000
PublicationPlace Oxford
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Oxford
– name: England
– name: London
PublicationTitle British journal of anaesthesia : BJA
PublicationTitleAlternate Br J Anaesth
PublicationYear 2006
Publisher Elsevier Ltd
Oxford University Press
Oxford Publishing Limited (England)
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier Ltd
– name: Oxford University Press
– name: Oxford Publishing Limited (England)
References Melot (bib17) 1994; 49
Arieli, Farhi (bib4) 1985; 60
Young, Wagner (bib10) 1979; 46
Olszowka, Farhi (bib34) 1968; 4
Yem, Tang, Turner, Baker (bib29) 2003; 98
Davis, Mapleson (bib37) 1993; 70
Zheng, Leawoods, Nolte (bib49) 2002; 47
Yem, Turner, Baker (bib62) 2006; 97
Cotran, Kumar, Robbins (bib54) 1989
Manier, Castaing (bib56) 1994; 49
Altemeier, Robertson, McKinney, Glenny (bib41) 1998; 85
Loeppky, Caprihan, Altobelli, Icenogle, Scotto, Vidal Melo (bib20) 2006; 151
Morris, Lane (bib36) 1981; 36
Peyton, Robinson, Thompson (bib7) 2001; 91
West, Wagner (bib11) 1977
Tang, Turner, Baker (bib33) 2006; 104
Wagner, Dantzker, Dueck, Clausen, West (bib38) 1977; 59
Habib, Lutchen (bib44) 1991; 144
Eriksson, Wollmer, Olsson (bib57) 1989; 96
Lee, Patterson, Kaufman (bib18) 1987; 59
Fortune, Wagner (bib28) 1979; 47
Cotes, Leathart (bib35) 1993
Peyton, Robinson, Thompson (bib6) 2001; 91
Wagner (bib21) 1979; 46
Whiteley, Turner, Baker, Gavaghan, Hahn (bib50) 2002; 131
Tsang, Frazer, Hlastala (bib42) 2000; 88
Botero, Lobato (bib3) 2001; 15
Binder, Parkin (bib2) 2001; 29
Tang, Turner, Baker (bib31) 2005; 95
Kuwabara, Duncalf (bib45) 1969; 31
Wagner, Laravuso, Goldzimmer, Naumann, West (bib12) 1975; 38
Tawhai, Hunter (bib52) 2001; 127
Evans, Wagner (bib13) 1977; 42
D’Alonzo, Bower, DeHart, Dantzker (bib48) 1983; 128
Evans, Cantor, Norman (bib26) 1967; 29
Peyton, Robinson, Thompson (bib8) 2001; 91
Whiteley, Gavaghan, Hahn (bib27) 2001; 124
Hahn, Farmery (bib60) 2003; 91
West (bib39) 1977
Feihl, Eckert, Brimioulle (bib58) 2000; 162
Wagner, West (bib61) 1980
Lewis, Evans, Jalowayski (bib22) 1978; 44
Nunn (bib30) 1969
Tang, Turner, Baker (bib32) 2005; 26
Roca, Rodriguez-Roisin, Wagner (bib40) 2000
Saidel, Salmon, Chester (bib43) 1975; 38
Verbanck, Pavia (bib51) 1990; 69
Gedeon, Forslund, Hedenstierna, Romano (bib1) 1980; 18
Turato, Zuin, Miniati (bib59) 2002; 166
Prella, Feihl, Domenighetti (bib53) 2002; 122
West, Wagner (bib14) 1991
Agusti, Barbera (bib16) 1994; 49
Nye (bib24) 1961; 16
Whiteley, Gavaghan, Hahn (bib5) 1999; 87
Wagner, Saltzman, West (bib9) 1974; 36
Melot, Naeije, Rothschild, Mertens, Mols, Hallemans (bib47) 1983; 83
Roca, Wagner (bib15) 1994; 49
Kapitan (bib25) 1990; 68
Crawford, Cotton, Paiva, Engel (bib23) 1989; 66
Wagner, Laravuso, Uhl, West (bib46) 1974; 54
Mertens (bib19) 1983; 55
Crawford, Paiva, Engel (bib55) 1991
Tang (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib32) 2005; 26
Cotes (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib35) 1993
Wagner (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib38) 1977; 59
Olszowka (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib34) 1968; 4
Feihl (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib58) 2000; 162
Tang (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib31) 2005; 95
Peyton (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib6) 2001; 91
Wagner (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib9) 1974; 36
Fortune (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib28) 1979; 47
Davis (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib37) 1993; 70
Farhi (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib65) 1967; 3
Crawford (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib55) 1991
Yem (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib62) 2006; 97
Gedeon (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib1) 1980; 18
Loeppky (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib20) 2006; 151
Whiteley (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib5) 1999; 87
Kapitan (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib25) 1990; 68
D’Alonzo (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib48) 1983; 128
Botero (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib3) 2001; 15
Peyton (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib8) 2001; 91
Yem (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib29) 2003; 98
Whiteley (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib27) 2001; 124
Tsang (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib42) 2000; 88
Nunn (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib30) 1969
Whiteley (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib50) 2002; 131
Saidel (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib43) 1975; 38
Morris (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib36) 1981; 36
Habib (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib44) 1991; 144
Eriksson (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib57) 1989; 96
Nunn (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib63) 1993
Wagner (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib21) 1979; 46
Verbanck (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib51) 1990; 69
Arieli (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib4) 1985; 60
Crawford (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib23) 1989; 66
West (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib11) 1977
Mertens (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib19) 1983; 55
Lewis (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib22) 1978; 44
Roca (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib40) 2000
Weibel (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib64) 1963
Tawhai (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib52) 2001; 127
West (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib14) 1991
Melot (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib17) 1994; 49
Zheng (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib49) 2002; 47
Prella (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib53) 2002; 122
Nye (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib24) 1961; 16
Hahn (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib60) 2003; 91
Wagner (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib61) 1980
Evans (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib26) 1967; 29
Turato (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib59) 2002; 166
Manier (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib56) 1994; 49
Altemeier (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib41) 1998; 85
Lee (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib18) 1987; 59
Evans (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib13) 1977; 42
Tang (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib33) 2006; 104
Roca (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib15) 1994; 49
Binder (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib2) 2001; 29
Agusti (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib16) 1994; 49
Wagner (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib46) 1974; 54
West (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib39) 1977
Kuwabara (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib45) 1969; 31
Melot (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib47) 1983; 83
Peyton (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib7) 2001; 91
Young (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib10) 1979; 46
Cotran (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib54) 1989
Wagner (10.1093/bja/ael216_bib12) 1975; 38
References_xml – volume: 66
  start-page: 2502
  year: 1989
  end-page: 2510
  ident: bib23
  article-title: Effect of lung volume on ventilation distribution
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Engel
– volume: 95
  start-page: 538
  year: 2005
  end-page: 548
  ident: bib31
  article-title: Effects of alveolar dead-space, shunt and V/Q distribution on respiratory dead-space measurements
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  contributor:
    fullname: Baker
– volume: 162
  start-page: 209
  year: 2000
  end-page: 215
  ident: bib58
  article-title: Permissive hypercapnia impairs pulmonary gas exchange in the acute respiratory distress syndrome
  publication-title: Am J Respir Crit Care Med
  contributor:
    fullname: Brimioulle
– volume: 124
  start-page: 65
  year: 2001
  end-page: 83
  ident: bib27
  article-title: A tidal breathing model of the inert gas sinewave technique for inhomogeneous lungs
  publication-title: Respir Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Hahn
– volume: 97
  start-page: 732
  year: 2006
  end-page: 741
  ident: bib62
  article-title: Sources of error in partial rebreathing pulmonary blood flow measurements in lungs with emphysema and pulmonary embolism
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  contributor:
    fullname: Baker
– volume: 44
  start-page: 416
  year: 1978
  end-page: 423
  ident: bib22
  article-title: Continuous distributions of specific ventilation recovered from inert gas washout
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Jalowayski
– volume: 88
  start-page: 705
  year: 2000
  end-page: 712
  ident: bib42
  article-title: Ventilation heterogeneity does not change following pulmonary microembolism
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Hlastala
– volume: 46
  start-page: 1207
  year: 1979
  end-page: 1210
  ident: bib10
  article-title: Solubility of inert gases in homogenates of canine lung tissue
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Wagner
– start-page: 1289
  year: 1991
  end-page: 1305
  ident: bib14
  article-title: Ventilation–perfusion relationships
  publication-title: The Lung: Scientific Foundations
  contributor:
    fullname: Wagner
– volume: 128
  start-page: 170
  year: 1983
  end-page: 172
  ident: bib48
  article-title: The mechanisms of abnormal gas exchange in acute massive pulmonary embolism
  publication-title: Am Rev Respir Dis
  contributor:
    fullname: Dantzker
– volume: 29
  start-page: 19
  year: 2001
  end-page: 23
  ident: bib2
  article-title: Non-invasive cardiac output determination: a comparison of a new partial rebreathing technique with thermodilution
  publication-title: Anaesth Intens Care
  contributor:
    fullname: Parkin
– volume: 60
  start-page: 295
  year: 1985
  end-page: 309
  ident: bib4
  article-title: Gas exchange in tidally ventilated and non-steadily perfused lung model
  publication-title: Respir Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Farhi
– volume: 83
  start-page: 528
  year: 1983
  end-page: 533
  ident: bib47
  article-title: Improvement in ventilation–perfusion matching by almitrine in COPD
  publication-title: Chest
  contributor:
    fullname: Hallemans
– volume: 151
  start-page: 74
  year: 2006
  end-page: 92
  ident: bib20
  article-title: Validation of a two-compartment model of ventilation/perfusion distribution
  publication-title: Respir Physiol Neurobiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Vidal Melo
– volume: 68
  start-page: 1621
  year: 1990
  end-page: 1627
  ident: bib25
  article-title: Information content of the multibreath nitrogen washout: effects of experimental error
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Kapitan
– volume: 49
  start-page: 924
  year: 1994
  end-page: 932
  ident: bib16
  article-title: Contribution of multiple inert gas elimination technique to pulmonary medicine. 2. Chronic pulmonary diseases: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  publication-title: Thorax
  contributor:
    fullname: Barbera
– volume: 104
  start-page: 696
  year: 2006
  end-page: 700
  ident: bib33
  article-title: A new equal area method for calculating and representing physiological, anatomical and alveolar dead spaces
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  contributor:
    fullname: Baker
– volume: 49
  start-page: 1169
  year: 1994
  end-page: 1174
  ident: bib56
  article-title: Contribution of multiple inert gas elimination technique to pulmonary medicine. 4. Gas exchange abnormalities in pulmonary vascular and cardiac disease
  publication-title: Thorax
  contributor:
    fullname: Castaing
– volume: 91
  start-page: 2
  year: 2003
  end-page: 15
  ident: bib60
  article-title: Gas exchange modelling: no more gills, please
  publication-title: Br J Anaesthesia
  contributor:
    fullname: Farmery
– year: 2000
  ident: bib40
  publication-title: Pulmonary and Peripheral Gas Exchange in Health and Disease
  contributor:
    fullname: Wagner
– volume: 31
  start-page: 575
  year: 1969
  end-page: 577
  ident: bib45
  article-title: Effect of anatomic shunt on physiologic deadspace-to-tidal volume ratio—a new equation
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  contributor:
    fullname: Duncalf
– start-page: 241
  year: 1969
  end-page: 243
  ident: bib30
  publication-title: Applied Respiratory Physiology with Special Reference to Anaesthesia
  contributor:
    fullname: Nunn
– volume: 46
  start-page: 579
  year: 1979
  end-page: 587
  ident: bib21
  article-title: Information content of the multibreath nitrogen washout
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Wagner
– volume: 15
  start-page: 631
  year: 2001
  end-page: 640
  ident: bib3
  article-title: Advances in noninvasive cardiac output monitoring: an update
  publication-title: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth
  contributor:
    fullname: Lobato
– volume: 91
  start-page: 3
  year: 2001
  end-page: 9
  ident: bib6
  article-title: Ventilation–perfusion inhomogeneity increases gas uptake: theoretical modeling of gas exchange
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Thompson
– volume: 54
  start-page: 54
  year: 1974
  end-page: 68
  ident: bib46
  article-title: Continuous distributions of ventilation–perfusion ratios in normal subjects breathing air and 100 per cent O
  publication-title: J Clin Invest
  contributor:
    fullname: West
– volume: 91
  start-page: 10
  year: 2001
  end-page: 16
  ident: bib7
  article-title: Ventilation–perfusion inhomogeneity increases gas uptake in anesthesia: computer modeling of gas exchange
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Thompson
– volume: 4
  start-page: 270
  year: 1968
  end-page: 280
  ident: bib34
  article-title: A system of digital computer subroutines for blood gas calculations
  publication-title: Respir Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Farhi
– volume: 69
  start-page: 2269
  year: 1990
  end-page: 2279
  ident: bib51
  article-title: Model simulations of gas mixing and ventilation distribution in the human lung
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Pavia
– volume: 55
  start-page: 562
  year: 1983
  end-page: 568
  ident: bib19
  article-title: A simple model of VA/Q distribution for analysis of inert gas elimination data
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Mertens
– volume: 59
  start-page: 203
  year: 1977
  end-page: 216
  ident: bib38
  article-title: Ventilation–perfusion inequality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  publication-title: J Clin Invest
  contributor:
    fullname: West
– volume: 131
  start-page: 269
  year: 2002
  end-page: 284
  ident: bib50
  article-title: The effects of ventilation pattern on carbon dioxide transfer in three computer models of the airways
  publication-title: Respir Physiol Neurobiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Hahn
– start-page: 219
  year: 1980
  end-page: 262
  ident: bib61
  article-title: Ventilation–perfusion relationships
  publication-title: Pulmonary Gas Exchange, Ventilation, Blood Flow, and Diffusion
  contributor:
    fullname: West
– volume: 29
  start-page: 711
  year: 1967
  end-page: 718
  ident: bib26
  article-title: The dead space in a compartmental lung model
  publication-title: Bull Math Biophys
  contributor:
    fullname: Norman
– volume: 85
  start-page: 2337
  year: 1998
  end-page: 2343
  ident: bib41
  article-title: Pulmonary embolization causes hypoxemia by redistributing regional blood flow without changing ventilation
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Glenny
– start-page: 361
  year: 1977
  end-page: 454
  ident: bib11
  article-title: Pulmonary gas exchange
  publication-title: Bioengineering Aspects of the Lung
  contributor:
    fullname: Wagner
– volume: 36
  start-page: 588
  year: 1974
  end-page: 599
  ident: bib9
  article-title: Measurement of continuous distributions of ventilation–perfusion ratios: theory
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: West
– volume: 36
  start-page: 135
  year: 1981
  end-page: 142
  ident: bib36
  article-title: Tidal expiratory flow patterns in airflow obstruction
  publication-title: Thorax
  contributor:
    fullname: Lane
– volume: 38
  start-page: 1099
  year: 1975
  end-page: 1109
  ident: bib12
  article-title: Distribution of ventilation–perfusion ratios in dogs with normal and abnormal lungs
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: West
– volume: 122
  start-page: 1382
  year: 2002
  end-page: 1388
  ident: bib53
  article-title: Effects of short-term pressure-controlled ventilation on gas exchange, airway pressures, and gas distribution in patients with acute lung injury/ARDS: comparison with volume-controlled ventilation
  publication-title: Chest
  contributor:
    fullname: Domenighetti
– volume: 127
  start-page: 249
  year: 2001
  end-page: 258
  ident: bib52
  article-title: Multibreath washout analysis: modeling the influence of conducting airway asymmetry
  publication-title: Respir Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Hunter
– year: 1977
  ident: bib39
  publication-title: Ventilation/Blood Flow and Gas Exchange
  contributor:
    fullname: West
– volume: 49
  start-page: 815
  year: 1994
  end-page: 824
  ident: bib15
  article-title: Contribution of multiple inert gas elimination technique to pulmonary medicine. 1. Principles and information content of the multiple inert gas elimination technique
  publication-title: Thorax
  contributor:
    fullname: Wagner
– volume: 70
  start-page: 248
  year: 1993
  end-page: 258
  ident: bib37
  article-title: A physiological model for the distribution of injected agents, with special reference to pethidine
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  contributor:
    fullname: Mapleson
– year: 1993
  ident: bib35
  publication-title: Lung Function: Assessment and Application in Medicine
  contributor:
    fullname: Leathart
– volume: 59
  start-page: 1579
  year: 1987
  end-page: 1598
  ident: bib18
  article-title: Relationships among ventilation–perfusion distribution, multiple inert gas methodology and metabolic blood–gas tensions
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  contributor:
    fullname: Kaufman
– volume: 38
  start-page: 328
  year: 1975
  end-page: 334
  ident: bib43
  article-title: Moment analysis of multibreath lung washout
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Chester
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1103
  year: 2005
  end-page: 1114
  ident: bib32
  article-title: Effects of lung time constant, gas analyser delay and rise time on measurement of respiratory dead space
  publication-title: Physiol Meas
  contributor:
    fullname: Baker
– start-page: 755
  year: 1989
  end-page: 804
  ident: bib54
  article-title: The respiratory system
  publication-title: Pathologic Basis of Disease
  contributor:
    fullname: Robbins
– volume: 96
  start-page: 357
  year: 1989
  end-page: 362
  ident: bib57
  article-title: Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism based upon alveolar dead space analysis
  publication-title: Chest
  contributor:
    fullname: Olsson
– volume: 49
  start-page: 1251
  year: 1994
  end-page: 1258
  ident: bib17
  article-title: Contribution of multiple inert gas elimination technique to pulmonary medicine. 5. Ventilation–perfusion relationships in acute respiratory failure
  publication-title: Thorax
  contributor:
    fullname: Melot
– volume: 91
  start-page: 17
  year: 2001
  end-page: 25
  ident: bib8
  article-title: Effect of ventilation–perfusion inhomogeneity and N
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Thompson
– volume: 47
  start-page: 433
  year: 2002
  end-page: 438
  ident: bib49
  article-title: Combined MR proton lung perfusion/angiography and helium ventilation: potential for detecting pulmonary emboli and ventilation defects
  publication-title: Magn Reson Med
  contributor:
    fullname: Nolte
– volume: 18
  start-page: 411
  year: 1980
  end-page: 418
  ident: bib1
  article-title: A new method for noninvasive bedside determination of pulmonary blood flow
  publication-title: Med Biol Eng Comput
  contributor:
    fullname: Romano
– volume: 87
  start-page: 161
  year: 1999
  end-page: 169
  ident: bib5
  article-title: A tidal breathing model for the multiple inert gas elimination technique
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Hahn
– volume: 98
  start-page: 881
  year: 2003
  end-page: 887
  ident: bib29
  article-title: Sources of error in non-invasive pulmonary blood flow measurements by partial re-breathing: a computer study
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  contributor:
    fullname: Baker
– start-page: 1031
  year: 1991
  end-page: 1041
  ident: bib55
  article-title: Uneven ventilation
  publication-title: The Lung: Scientific Foundations
  contributor:
    fullname: Engel
– volume: 16
  start-page: 1115
  year: 1961
  end-page: 1123
  ident: bib24
  article-title: Theoretial limits to measurement of uneven ventilation
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Nye
– volume: 47
  start-page: 896
  year: 1979
  end-page: 906
  ident: bib28
  article-title: Effects of common dead space on inert gas exchange in mathematical models of the lung
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Wagner
– volume: 166
  start-page: 105
  year: 2002
  end-page: 110
  ident: bib59
  article-title: Airway inflammation in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: relationship with lung function and radiologic emphysema
  publication-title: Am J Respir Crit Care Med
  contributor:
    fullname: Miniati
– volume: 144
  start-page: 513
  year: 1991
  end-page: 519
  ident: bib44
  article-title: Moment analysis of a multibreath nitrogen washout based on an alveolar gas dilution number
  publication-title: Am Rev Respir Dis
  contributor:
    fullname: Lutchen
– volume: 42
  start-page: 889
  year: 1977
  end-page: 898
  ident: bib13
  article-title: Limits on VA/Q distributions from analysis of experimental inert gas elimination
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  contributor:
    fullname: Wagner
– volume: 68
  start-page: 1621
  year: 1990
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib25
  article-title: Information content of the multibreath nitrogen washout: effects of experimental error
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1990.68.4.1621
  contributor:
    fullname: Kapitan
– volume: 97
  start-page: 732
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib62
  article-title: Sources of error in partial rebreathing pulmonary blood flow measurements in lungs with emphysema and pulmonary embolism
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1093/bja/ael214
  contributor:
    fullname: Yem
– volume: 88
  start-page: 705
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib42
  article-title: Ventilation heterogeneity does not change following pulmonary microembolism
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.88.2.705
  contributor:
    fullname: Tsang
– volume: 16
  start-page: 1115
  year: 1961
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib24
  article-title: Theoretial limits to measurement of uneven ventilation
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1961.16.6.1115
  contributor:
    fullname: Nye
– volume: 59
  start-page: 203
  year: 1977
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib38
  article-title: Ventilation–perfusion inequality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  publication-title: J Clin Invest
  doi: 10.1172/JCI108630
  contributor:
    fullname: Wagner
– start-page: 219
  year: 1980
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib61
  article-title: Ventilation–perfusion relationships
  contributor:
    fullname: Wagner
– volume: 36
  start-page: 135
  year: 1981
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib36
  article-title: Tidal expiratory flow patterns in airflow obstruction
  publication-title: Thorax
  doi: 10.1136/thx.36.2.135
  contributor:
    fullname: Morris
– volume: 83
  start-page: 528
  year: 1983
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib47
  article-title: Improvement in ventilation–perfusion matching by almitrine in COPD
  publication-title: Chest
  doi: 10.1378/chest.83.3.528
  contributor:
    fullname: Melot
– volume: 46
  start-page: 579
  year: 1979
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib21
  article-title: Information content of the multibreath nitrogen washout
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1979.46.3.579
  contributor:
    fullname: Wagner
– volume: 49
  start-page: 1169
  year: 1994
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib56
  article-title: Contribution of multiple inert gas elimination technique to pulmonary medicine. 4. Gas exchange abnormalities in pulmonary vascular and cardiac disease
  publication-title: Thorax
  doi: 10.1136/thx.49.11.1169
  contributor:
    fullname: Manier
– volume: 87
  start-page: 161
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib5
  article-title: A tidal breathing model for the multiple inert gas elimination technique
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1999.87.1.161
  contributor:
    fullname: Whiteley
– volume: 38
  start-page: 1099
  year: 1975
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib12
  article-title: Distribution of ventilation–perfusion ratios in dogs with normal and abnormal lungs
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1975.38.6.1099
  contributor:
    fullname: Wagner
– volume: 31
  start-page: 575
  year: 1969
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib45
  article-title: Effect of anatomic shunt on physiologic deadspace-to-tidal volume ratio—a new equation
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/00000542-196912000-00012
  contributor:
    fullname: Kuwabara
– volume: 104
  start-page: 696
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib33
  article-title: A new equal area method for calculating and representing physiological, anatomical and alveolar dead spaces
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/00000542-200604000-00013
  contributor:
    fullname: Tang
– start-page: 361
  year: 1977
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib11
  article-title: Pulmonary gas exchange
  contributor:
    fullname: West
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1103
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib32
  article-title: Effects of lung time constant, gas analyser delay and rise time on measurement of respiratory dead space
  publication-title: Physiol Meas
  doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/26/6/019
  contributor:
    fullname: Tang
– volume: 91
  start-page: 3
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib6
  article-title: Ventilation–perfusion inhomogeneity increases gas uptake: theoretical modeling of gas exchange
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.1.3
  contributor:
    fullname: Peyton
– volume: 66
  start-page: 2502
  year: 1989
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib23
  article-title: Effect of lung volume on ventilation distribution
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1989.66.6.2502
  contributor:
    fullname: Crawford
– volume: 128
  start-page: 170
  year: 1983
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib48
  article-title: The mechanisms of abnormal gas exchange in acute massive pulmonary embolism
  publication-title: Am Rev Respir Dis
  doi: 10.1164/arrd.1983.128.1.170
  contributor:
    fullname: D’Alonzo
– start-page: 110
  year: 1963
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib64
  contributor:
    fullname: Weibel
– volume: 95
  start-page: 538
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib31
  article-title: Effects of alveolar dead-space, shunt and V/Q distribution on respiratory dead-space measurements
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1093/bja/aei212
  contributor:
    fullname: Tang
– volume: 29
  start-page: 19
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib2
  article-title: Non-invasive cardiac output determination: a comparison of a new partial rebreathing technique with thermodilution
  publication-title: Anaesth Intens Care
  doi: 10.1177/0310057X0102900103
  contributor:
    fullname: Binder
– year: 1977
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib39
  contributor:
    fullname: West
– volume: 44
  start-page: 416
  year: 1978
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib22
  article-title: Continuous distributions of specific ventilation recovered from inert gas washout
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1978.44.3.416
  contributor:
    fullname: Lewis
– volume: 3
  start-page: 1
  year: 1967
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib65
  article-title: Elimination of inert gas by the lung
  publication-title: Respir Physiol
  doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(67)90018-7
  contributor:
    fullname: Farhi
– volume: 91
  start-page: 10
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib7
  article-title: Ventilation–perfusion inhomogeneity increases gas uptake in anesthesia: computer modeling of gas exchange
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.1.10
  contributor:
    fullname: Peyton
– volume: 18
  start-page: 411
  year: 1980
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib1
  article-title: A new method for noninvasive bedside determination of pulmonary blood flow
  publication-title: Med Biol Eng Comput
  doi: 10.1007/BF02443310
  contributor:
    fullname: Gedeon
– volume: 47
  start-page: 433
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib49
  article-title: Combined MR proton lung perfusion/angiography and helium ventilation: potential for detecting pulmonary emboli and ventilation defects
  publication-title: Magn Reson Med
  doi: 10.1002/mrm.10091
  contributor:
    fullname: Zheng
– volume: 98
  start-page: 881
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib29
  article-title: Sources of error in non-invasive pulmonary blood flow measurements by partial re-breathing: a computer study
  publication-title: Anesthesiology
  doi: 10.1097/00000542-200304000-00014
  contributor:
    fullname: Yem
– volume: 96
  start-page: 357
  year: 1989
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib57
  article-title: Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism based upon alveolar dead space analysis
  publication-title: Chest
  doi: 10.1378/chest.96.2.357
  contributor:
    fullname: Eriksson
– volume: 46
  start-page: 1207
  year: 1979
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib10
  article-title: Solubility of inert gases in homogenates of canine lung tissue
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1979.46.6.1207
  contributor:
    fullname: Young
– start-page: 241
  year: 1969
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib30
  contributor:
    fullname: Nunn
– volume: 55
  start-page: 562
  year: 1983
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib19
  article-title: A simple model of VA/Q distribution for analysis of inert gas elimination data
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1983.55.2.562
  contributor:
    fullname: Mertens
– volume: 70
  start-page: 248
  year: 1993
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib37
  article-title: A physiological model for the distribution of injected agents, with special reference to pethidine
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1093/bja/70.3.248
  contributor:
    fullname: Davis
– volume: 36
  start-page: 588
  year: 1974
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib9
  article-title: Measurement of continuous distributions of ventilation–perfusion ratios: theory
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1974.36.5.588
  contributor:
    fullname: Wagner
– start-page: 1289
  year: 1991
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib14
  article-title: Ventilation–perfusion relationships
  contributor:
    fullname: West
– volume: 4
  start-page: 270
  year: 1968
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib34
  article-title: A system of digital computer subroutines for blood gas calculations
  publication-title: Respir Physiol
  doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(68)90058-3
  contributor:
    fullname: Olszowka
– volume: 69
  start-page: 2269
  year: 1990
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib51
  article-title: Model simulations of gas mixing and ventilation distribution in the human lung
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1990.69.6.2269
  contributor:
    fullname: Verbanck
– volume: 91
  start-page: 17
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib8
  article-title: Effect of ventilation–perfusion inhomogeneity and N2O on oxygenation: physiological modeling of gas exchange
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.1.17
  contributor:
    fullname: Peyton
– volume: 60
  start-page: 295
  year: 1985
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib4
  article-title: Gas exchange in tidally ventilated and non-steadily perfused lung model
  publication-title: Respir Physiol
  doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(85)90059-3
  contributor:
    fullname: Arieli
– start-page: 240
  year: 1993
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib63
  contributor:
    fullname: Nunn
– volume: 162
  start-page: 209
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib58
  article-title: Permissive hypercapnia impairs pulmonary gas exchange in the acute respiratory distress syndrome
  publication-title: Am J Respir Crit Care Med
  doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.162.1.9907119
  contributor:
    fullname: Feihl
– volume: 47
  start-page: 896
  year: 1979
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib28
  article-title: Effects of common dead space on inert gas exchange in mathematical models of the lung
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1979.47.4.896
  contributor:
    fullname: Fortune
– year: 2000
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib40
  contributor:
    fullname: Roca
– volume: 49
  start-page: 924
  year: 1994
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib16
  article-title: Contribution of multiple inert gas elimination technique to pulmonary medicine. 2. Chronic pulmonary diseases: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  publication-title: Thorax
  doi: 10.1136/thx.49.9.924
  contributor:
    fullname: Agusti
– volume: 59
  start-page: 1579
  year: 1987
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib18
  article-title: Relationships among ventilation–perfusion distribution, multiple inert gas methodology and metabolic blood–gas tensions
  publication-title: Br J Anaesth
  doi: 10.1093/bja/59.12.1579
  contributor:
    fullname: Lee
– volume: 54
  start-page: 54
  year: 1974
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib46
  article-title: Continuous distributions of ventilation–perfusion ratios in normal subjects breathing air and 100 per cent O2
  publication-title: J Clin Invest
  doi: 10.1172/JCI107750
  contributor:
    fullname: Wagner
– volume: 91
  start-page: 2
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib60
  article-title: Gas exchange modelling: no more gills, please
  publication-title: Br J Anaesthesia
  doi: 10.1093/bja/aeg142
  contributor:
    fullname: Hahn
– volume: 144
  start-page: 513
  year: 1991
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib44
  article-title: Moment analysis of a multibreath nitrogen washout based on an alveolar gas dilution number
  publication-title: Am Rev Respir Dis
  doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/144.3_Pt_1.513
  contributor:
    fullname: Habib
– volume: 85
  start-page: 2337
  year: 1998
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib41
  article-title: Pulmonary embolization causes hypoxemia by redistributing regional blood flow without changing ventilation
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1998.85.6.2337
  contributor:
    fullname: Altemeier
– volume: 38
  start-page: 328
  year: 1975
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib43
  article-title: Moment analysis of multibreath lung washout
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1975.38.2.328
  contributor:
    fullname: Saidel
– start-page: 1031
  year: 1991
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib55
  article-title: Uneven ventilation
  contributor:
    fullname: Crawford
– volume: 151
  start-page: 74
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib20
  article-title: Validation of a two-compartment model of ventilation/perfusion distribution
  publication-title: Respir Physiol Neurobiol
  doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2005.06.002
  contributor:
    fullname: Loeppky
– start-page: 755
  year: 1989
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib54
  article-title: The respiratory system
  contributor:
    fullname: Cotran
– volume: 49
  start-page: 1251
  year: 1994
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib17
  article-title: Contribution of multiple inert gas elimination technique to pulmonary medicine. 5. Ventilation–perfusion relationships in acute respiratory failure
  publication-title: Thorax
  doi: 10.1136/thx.49.12.1251
  contributor:
    fullname: Melot
– volume: 122
  start-page: 1382
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib53
  article-title: Effects of short-term pressure-controlled ventilation on gas exchange, airway pressures, and gas distribution in patients with acute lung injury/ARDS: comparison with volume-controlled ventilation
  publication-title: Chest
  doi: 10.1378/chest.122.4.1382
  contributor:
    fullname: Prella
– volume: 29
  start-page: 711
  year: 1967
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib26
  article-title: The dead space in a compartmental lung model
  publication-title: Bull Math Biophys
  doi: 10.1007/BF02476922
  contributor:
    fullname: Evans
– volume: 127
  start-page: 249
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib52
  article-title: Multibreath washout analysis: modeling the influence of conducting airway asymmetry
  publication-title: Respir Physiol
  doi: 10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00239-0
  contributor:
    fullname: Tawhai
– volume: 49
  start-page: 815
  year: 1994
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib15
  article-title: Contribution of multiple inert gas elimination technique to pulmonary medicine. 1. Principles and information content of the multiple inert gas elimination technique
  publication-title: Thorax
  doi: 10.1136/thx.49.8.815
  contributor:
    fullname: Roca
– volume: 131
  start-page: 269
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib50
  article-title: The effects of ventilation pattern on carbon dioxide transfer in three computer models of the airways
  publication-title: Respir Physiol Neurobiol
  doi: 10.1016/S1569-9048(02)00066-6
  contributor:
    fullname: Whiteley
– volume: 15
  start-page: 631
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib3
  article-title: Advances in noninvasive cardiac output monitoring: an update
  publication-title: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth
  doi: 10.1053/jcan.2001.26548
  contributor:
    fullname: Botero
– volume: 42
  start-page: 889
  year: 1977
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib13
  article-title: Limits on VA/Q distributions from analysis of experimental inert gas elimination
  publication-title: J Appl Physiol
  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1977.42.6.889
  contributor:
    fullname: Evans
– volume: 166
  start-page: 105
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib59
  article-title: Airway inflammation in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: relationship with lung function and radiologic emphysema
  publication-title: Am J Respir Crit Care Med
  doi: 10.1164/rccm.2111084
  contributor:
    fullname: Turato
– volume: 124
  start-page: 65
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib27
  article-title: A tidal breathing model of the inert gas sinewave technique for inhomogeneous lungs
  publication-title: Respir Physiol
  doi: 10.1016/S0034-5687(00)00185-7
  contributor:
    fullname: Whiteley
– year: 1993
  ident: 10.1093/bja/ael216_bib35
  contributor:
    fullname: Cotes
SSID ssj0017295
Score 1.973842
Snippet To simulate the short-term dynamics of soluble gas exchange (e.g. CO2 rebreathing), model structure, ventilation–perfusion ( V˙A/ Q˙) and ventilation–volume (...
Background. To simulate the short-term dynamics of soluble gas exchange (e.g. CO2 rebreathing), model structure, ventilation–perfusion (V˙A/Q˙) and...
To simulate the short-term dynamics of soluble gas exchange (e.g. CO2 rebreathing), model structure, ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) and ventilation-volume...
BACKGROUND: To simulate the short-term dynamics of soluble gas exchange (e.g. CO2 rebreathing), model structure, ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) and...
BACKGROUNDTo simulate the short-term dynamics of soluble gas exchange (e.g. CO2 rebreathing), model structure, ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) and...
SourceID proquest
crossref
pubmed
pascalfrancis
istex
elsevier
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 718
SubjectTerms Adult
Anesthesia
Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy
Biological and medical sciences
Breath Tests
Humans
Male
Medical sciences
modelling
Models, Biological
Pulmonary Alveoli - physiopathology
Pulmonary Embolism - physiopathology
Pulmonary Emphysema - physiopathology
Pulmonary Gas Exchange
Solubility
ventilation inhomogeneity
Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio
ventilation/perfusion distribution
Title A tidally breathing model of ventilation, perfusion and volume in normal and diseased lungs
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/ael216
https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/HXZ-7LT788D1-S/fulltext.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16926169
https://www.proquest.com/docview/197912584
https://search.proquest.com/docview/68944466
Volume 97
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9QwEB6V7oULKiqPtFAsgTgRbRInfhyXQrWCwoUWreBg2WtbWoiyq31I8O8Z28lWldoDUi5xEsuZ8Yw_z8MD8MZ4awrhfM5L0-S1rMpc1M7kxjmD-L9yNhab-PKVTa_rT7NmdgDnQy5MCKvsdX_S6VFb9y3jnprj1WIRcnxxusoSMTVtKBf0AYwqRL8onaPJ---fL_fOBMSPqZBBsMrhB8MppZKOzS891q6tQrnzu9elUaD2nxAyqTdINZ_KXdyPR-O6dHEEj3pASSZpzI_hwHXH8HNCtgur2_YvMQEVBjMTiUVvyNKTGOKYYuDekZVb-10wmRHdWZKUFVl0pAtgto2NvRPHkhY1w-YJXF98vDqf5n0ZhXxes3KbM6dLX4XiYgYlDvGJZXzOG1lLgTchEbVwzFPqBO4WuPEBFUkWkJi2VNuKPoXDbtm550BKOy-kdY3WiKMMnwvPrPGVELrwvDAug9cDEdUqnZahkpebKiS1SqTOIB_oq27xWqEav_P9t5EJ-y71-neIR-ONms5-KH55hfv4D6X6lsHZLS7djEFUdbgyOB3YpnpZ3ahScpwUCMQyeLV_ikIWPCe6c8vdRjEh6-D4zuBZ4vVNz0ziHpTJk__8p1N4GI05MavxBRxu1zv3EuHN1pz10_cfhqf6EQ
link.rule.ids 315,783,787,27581,27936,27937,45675
linkProvider Elsevier
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lj9MwEB4t7QEuCMQrLOxaAnEiap5-HMvCqrDdvdBFFRwsu7alQpRWfUjw7xnbSVcrLQekXOIkljNjj795eQDeamd0xq1LWa7rtBJFnvLK6lRbqxH_F9aEYhOXV3RyXX2Z1_MjOOtzYXxYZSf7o0wP0rprGXXUHK2XS5_ji9NV5Iipy7pkvLwHQ0QDrB7AcPzh28X04ExA_BgLGXirHH7Qn1IqypH-qUbKNoUvd373vjT01P7tQybVFqnmYrmLf-PRsC-dP4KHHaAk4zjmx3Bk2yfwY0x2S6Oa5g_RHhV6MxMJRW_IypEQ4hhj4N6Ttd24vTeZEdUaEoUVWbak9WC2CY2dE8eQBiXD9ilcn3-anU3SroxCuqhovkupVbkrfHExjSsO8YmhbMFqUQmONz4RNbPUlaXlqC0w7TwqEtQjMWVKZYryGQzaVWtfAMnNIhPG1kohjtJswR012hWcq8yxTNsE3vRElOt4WoaMXu5SIqllJHUCaU9feYvXEsX4ne-_C0w4dKk2v3w8GqvlZP5dsukM9fiPufyawMktLt2MgReVvxI47tkmu7W6lblgOCkQiCVweniKi8x7TlRrV_utpFxU3vGdwPPI65ueqUAdlIqX__lPp3B_Mrucyunnq4tjeBAMOyHD8RUMdpu9fY1QZ6dPuqn8F2tU_P8
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+tidally+breathing+model+of+ventilation%2C+perfusion+and+volume+in+normal+and+diseased+lungs&rft.jtitle=British+journal+of+anaesthesia+%3A+BJA&rft.au=Yem%2C+J+S&rft.au=Turner%2C+M+J&rft.au=Baker%2C+A+B&rft.au=Young%2C+I+H&rft.date=2006-11-01&rft.issn=0007-0912&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=718&rft.epage=731&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fbja%2Fael216&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0007-0912&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0007-0912&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0007-0912&client=summon