Prehospital prediction of severe injury in road traffic injuries: A multicenter cross-sectional study

• Published in: Injury Vol. 50; no. 9; pp. 1499 - 1506
• Main Authors: Atiksawedparit, Pongsakorn, Rattanasiri, Sasivimol, Sittichanbuncha, Yuwares, McEvoy, Mark, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Attia, John, Thakkinstian, Ammarin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2019
• Subjects: Accidents, Traffic - mortality; Adult; Clinical Decision-Making - methods; Cross-Sectional Studies; Death; Emergency medical service; Emergency Medical Services - organization & administration; Female; Humans; Injury Severity Score; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risk prediction score; Road traffic injury; Severe injury; Thailand - epidemiology; Transportation of Patients - organization & administration; Trauma Centers - organization & administration; Triage; Wounds and Injuries - classification; Wounds and Injuries - mortality; Wounds and Injuries - therapy; Young Adult; Thailand; Death; Severe injury; Triage; Emergency medical service; Risk prediction score; Road traffic injury
• DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.05.028
• ISSN: 0020-1383; 1879-0267

•This study developed and validated risk prediction scores of prehospital death and severe injury for road traffic injury.•Ten predictors, which could easily be assessed at scene by emergency medical service personnel, were included in the prediction scores.•These risk prediction scores revealed good calibration and discrimination performances for internal/external validations.•These scores could classify subjects into low/moderate/high risks of death/SI during prehospital operation.•Applying these scores could identify and prioritize RTI patients for appropriate patient transport to hospital. To develop and validate a risk stratification model of severe injury (SI) and death to identify and prioritize road traffic injury (RTI) patients for transportation to an appropriate trauma center (TC). A 2-phase multicenter-cross-sectional study with prospective data collection was collaboratively conducted using 9 dispatch centers (DC) across Thailand. Among the 9 included DC, 7 and 2 DCs were used for development and validation, respectively. RTI patients who were treated and transported to hospitals by advanced life support (ALS) response units were enrolled. Multiple logistic regression was used to derive risk prediction score of death in 48 h and SI (new injury severity score ≥ 16). Calibration/discrimination performances were explored. A total of 5359 and 2097 RTIs were used for development and external validation, respectively. Seven and 9 predictors among demographic data, mechanism of injury, physic data, EMS operation, and prehospital managements were significant predictors of death and SI, respectively. Risk prediction models fitted well with the developed data (O/E ratios of 1.00 (IQR: 0.69, 1.01) and 0.99 (IQR: 0.95, 1.05) for death and SI, respectively); and the C statistics of 0.966 (0.961, 0.972) and 0.913 (0.905, 0.922). The risk scores were further stratified as low, moderate and high risk. The derive models did not fit well with external data but they were improved after recalibrating the intercepts. However, the model was externally good/excellent discriminated with C statistics from 0.896 (0.871, 0.922) to 0.981 (0.971, 0.991). Risk prediction models of death and SI were developed with good calibration and excellent discrimination. The model should be useful for ALS response units in proper allocation of patients.