Reproductive hormone profiles in captive male orangutans: Implications for understanding developmental arrest

For many years researchers have described some male orangutans as “subadult.” These males are of adolescent to adult age and are reproductive, but have little to no secondary sexual trait development. Until now the only endocrine study of this arrest of secondary sexual trait development was perform...

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Published inAmerican journal of physical anthropology Vol. 109; no. 1; pp. 19 - 32
Main Authors Maggioncalda, Anne N., Sapolsky, Robert M., Czekala, Nancy M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.05.1999
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Abstract For many years researchers have described some male orangutans as “subadult.” These males are of adolescent to adult age and are reproductive, but have little to no secondary sexual trait development. Until now the only endocrine study of this arrest of secondary sexual trait development was performed by Kingsley (1982, 1988). She found that “subadult” or arrested males have lower testosterone levels than similar age developing adolescents or adult males. In this study, urine samples were collected over a two‐year period from 23 captive male orangutans in order to more fully define male endocrine profiles. Three study males were juveniles, seven were arrested adolescents, six were developing adolescents, and seven were mature adults. Morning samples were analyzed by radioimmunoassay for levels of testicular steroids and gonadotropins and group hormone profiles were compared by analysis of variance. Results illustrate that arrested adolescent orangutans have significantly lower testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels than developing adolescents, but significantly higher levels than juveniles. Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels also differed between arrested and developing adolescents, with arrested males having lower levels. However, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were similar in both morphs of adolescent male. The overall hormone profiles for arrested and developing adolescent male orangutans suggest that arrested males lack levels of LH, testosterone, and DHT necessary for development of secondary sexual traits. However, they have sufficient testicular steroids, LH, and FSH to fully develop primary sexual function and fertility. These endocrine data help define alternative developmental pathways in male orangutans. The authors discuss the relationship between these developmental pathways and male orangutan reproductive strategies, and hypothesize about their prepubertal socioendocrine determination. Am J Phys Anthropol 109:19–32, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AbstractList For many years researchers have described some male orangutans as "subadult." These males are of adolescent to adult age and are reproductive, but have little to no secondary sexual trait development. Until now the only endocrine study of this arrest of secondary sexual trait development was performed by Kingsley (1982, 1988). She found that "subadult" or arrested males have lower testosterone levels than similar age developing adolescents or adult males. In this study, urine samples were collected over a two-year period from 23 captive male orangutans in order to more fully define male endocrine profiles. Three study males were juveniles, seven were arrested adolescents, six were developing adolescents, and seven were mature adults. Morning samples were analyzed by radioimmunoassay for levels of testicular steroids and gonadotropins and group hormone profiles were compared by analysis of variance. Results illustrate that arrested adolescent orangutans have significantly lower testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels than developing adolescents, but significantly higher levels than juveniles. Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels also differed between arrested and developing adolescents, with arrested males having lower levels. However, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were similar in both morphs of adolescent male. The overall hormone profiles for arrested and developing adolescent male orangutans suggest that arrested males lack levels of LH, testosterone, and DHT necessary for development of secondary sexual traits. However, they have sufficient testicular steroids, LH, and FSH to fully develop primary sexual function and fertility. These endocrine data help define alternative developmental pathways in male orangutans. The authors discuss the relationship between these developmental pathways and male orangutan reproductive strategies, and hypothesize about their prepubertal socioendocrine determination.
For many years researchers have described some male orangutans as “subadult.” These males are of adolescent to adult age and are reproductive, but have little to no secondary sexual trait development. Until now the only endocrine study of this arrest of secondary sexual trait development was performed by Kingsley (1982, 1988). She found that “subadult” or arrested males have lower testosterone levels than similar age developing adolescents or adult males. In this study, urine samples were collected over a two‐year period from 23 captive male orangutans in order to more fully define male endocrine profiles. Three study males were juveniles, seven were arrested adolescents, six were developing adolescents, and seven were mature adults. Morning samples were analyzed by radioimmunoassay for levels of testicular steroids and gonadotropins and group hormone profiles were compared by analysis of variance. Results illustrate that arrested adolescent orangutans have significantly lower testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels than developing adolescents, but significantly higher levels than juveniles. Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels also differed between arrested and developing adolescents, with arrested males having lower levels. However, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were similar in both morphs of adolescent male. The overall hormone profiles for arrested and developing adolescent male orangutans suggest that arrested males lack levels of LH, testosterone, and DHT necessary for development of secondary sexual traits. However, they have sufficient testicular steroids, LH, and FSH to fully develop primary sexual function and fertility. These endocrine data help define alternative developmental pathways in male orangutans. The authors discuss the relationship between these developmental pathways and male orangutan reproductive strategies, and hypothesize about their prepubertal socioendocrine determination. Am J Phys Anthropol 109:19–32, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Author Czekala, Nancy M.
Sapolsky, Robert M.
Maggioncalda, Anne N.
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Dahl (BIB5) 1993; 90
Bercovitch (BIB3) 1990
Hobson (BIB15) 1981
Ralls (BIB36) 1980; 2
Mitchell (BIB31) 1982; 2
Mitani (BIB28) 1985a; 33
MacKinnon (BIB22) 1974; 22
MacKinnon (BIB23) 1979
Sapolsky (BIB41) 1985; 116
Galdikas (BIB11) 1985c; 9
Kingsley (BIB18) 1982
Janczewski (BIB17) 1985; 15
Griffin (BIB13) 1992
Lasley (BIB20) 1985; 43
Galdikas (BIB10) 1985b; 8
Taussky (BIB45) 1954; 208
Wingfield (BIB53) 1994
Higley (BIB14) 1996; 40
Hourd (BIB16) 1994; 40
Littell (BIB21) 1991
Meredith (BIB27) 1991; 39
Mitani (BIB30) 1990; 11
Norman (BIB34) 1993; 49
McComb (BIB25) 1987; 330
Thorner (BIB47) 1992
Monfort (BIB32) 1987; 37
te Boekhorst (BIB46) 1990; 39
Schwartz (BIB44) 1992
Graham (BIB12) 1990
Dufty (BIB6) 1989; 23
Ray (BIB37) 1992; 28
Rodman (BIB39) 1987
Schurmann (BIB43) 1982
Utami (BIB49) 1997; 18
Czekala (BIB4) 1994; 34
Yalow (BIB54) 1992
Galdikas (BIB8) 1981
Maple (BIB24) 1980
Uchida (BIB48) 1996
Elowson (BIB7) 1994; 47
Al-Attia (BIB2) 1993; 48
Plant (BIB35) 1994
Robbins (BIB38) 1997; 43
Sapolsky (BIB42) 1989; 18
Vom Saal (BIB51) 1994
McCruden (BIB26) 1991
Mitani (BIB29) 1985b; 33
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SSID ssj0006006
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Snippet For many years researchers have described some male orangutans as “subadult.” These males are of adolescent to adult age and are reproductive, but have little...
For many years researchers have described some male orangutans as "subadult." These males are of adolescent to adult age and are reproductive, but have little...
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StartPage 19
SubjectTerms Animals
Animals, Zoo
Circadian Rhythm
development
dihydrotestosterone
Fertility
Follicle Stimulating Hormone - analysis
gonadotropins
Hormones
Luteinizing Hormone - analysis
Male
Orang-utans
Physical anthropology
Pongo pygmaeus - growth & development
Pongo pygmaeus - physiology
Sex Characteristics
Sexual reproduction
socioendocrinology
Southeast Asia
testosterone
Title Reproductive hormone profiles in captive male orangutans: Implications for understanding developmental arrest
URI https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-0GWKTGS3-V/fulltext.pdf
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291096-8644%28199905%29109%3A1%3C19%3A%3AAID-AJPA3%3E3.0.CO%3B2-3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10342462
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1474201627
https://search.proquest.com/docview/38760848
https://search.proquest.com/docview/69780449
Volume 109
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