Spatial Analysis of Air Pollution and Mortality in California
Although substantial scientific evidence suggests that chronic exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to premature mortality, uncertainties exist in the size and consistency of this association. Uncertainty may arise from inaccurate exposure assessment. To assess the associations of three typ...
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| Published in | American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine Vol. 188; no. 5; pp. 593 - 599 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New York, NY
American Thoracic Society
01.09.2013
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Although substantial scientific evidence suggests that chronic exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to premature mortality, uncertainties exist in the size and consistency of this association. Uncertainty may arise from inaccurate exposure assessment.
To assess the associations of three types of air pollutants (fine particulate matter, ozone [O3], and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]) with the risk of mortality in a large cohort of California adults using individualized exposure assessments.
For fine particulate matter and NO2, we used land use regression models to derive predicted individualized exposure at the home address. For O3, we estimated exposure with an inverse distance weighting interpolation. Standard and multilevel Cox survival models were used to assess the association between air pollution and mortality.
Data for 73,711 subjects who resided in California were abstracted from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention II Study cohort, with baseline ascertainment of individual characteristics in 1982 and follow-up of vital status through to 2000. Exposure data were derived from government monitors. Exposure to fine particulate matter, O3, and NO2 was positively associated with ischemic heart disease mortality. NO2 (a marker for traffic pollution) and fine particulate matter were also associated with mortality from all causes combined. Only NO2 had significant positive association with lung cancer mortality.
Using the first individualized exposure assignments in this important cohort, we found positive associations of fine particulate matter, O3, and NO2 with mortality. The positive associations of NO2 suggest that traffic pollution relates to premature death. |
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| AbstractList | Although substantial scientific evidence suggests that chronic exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to premature mortality, uncertainties exist in the size and consistency of this association. Uncertainty may arise from inaccurate exposure assessment. To assess the associations of three types of air pollutants (fine particulate matter, ozone [O3], and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]) with the risk of mortality in a large cohort of California adults using individualized exposure assessments. For fine particulate matter and NO2, we used land use regression models to derive predicted individualized exposure at the home address. For O3, we estimated exposure with an inverse distance weighting interpolation. Standard and multilevel Cox survival models were used to assess the association between air pollution and mortality. Data for 73,711 subjects who resided in California were abstracted from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention II Study cohort, with baseline ascertainment of individual characteristics in 1982 and follow-up of vital status through to 2000. Exposure data were derived from government monitors. Exposure to fine particulate matter, O3, and NO2 was positively associated with ischemic heart disease mortality. NO2 (a marker for traffic pollution) and fine particulate matter were also associated with mortality from all causes combined. Only NO2 had significant positive association with lung cancer mortality. Using the first individualized exposure assignments in this important cohort, we found positive associations of fine particulate matter, O3, and NO2 with mortality. The positive associations of NO2 suggest that traffic pollution relates to premature death. Although substantial scientific evidence suggests that chronic exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to premature mortality, uncertainties exist in the size and consistency of this association. Uncertainty may arise from inaccurate exposure assessment. To assess the associations of three types of air pollutants (fine particulate matter, ozone [O3], and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]) with the risk of mortality in a large cohort of California adults using individualized exposure assessments. For fine particulate matter and NO2, we used land use regression models to derive predicted individualized exposure at the home address. For O3, we estimated exposure with an inverse distance weighting interpolation. Standard and multilevel Cox survival models were used to assess the association between air pollution and mortality. Data for 73,711 subjects who resided in California were abstracted from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention II Study cohort, with baseline ascertainment of individual characteristics in 1982 and follow-up of vital status through to 2000. Exposure data were derived from government monitors. Exposure to fine particulate matter, O3, and NO2 was positively associated with ischemic heart disease mortality. NO2 (a marker for traffic pollution) and fine particulate matter were also associated with mortality from all causes combined. Only NO2 had significant positive association with lung cancer mortality. Using the first individualized exposure assignments in this important cohort, we found positive associations of fine particulate matter, O3, and NO2 with mortality. The positive associations of NO2 suggest that traffic pollution relates to premature death. Rationale : Although substantial scientific evidence suggests that chronic exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to premature mortality, uncertainties exist in the size and consistency of this association. Uncertainty may arise from inaccurate exposure assessment. Objectives : To assess the associations of three types of air pollutants (fine particulate matter, ozone [O 3 ], and nitrogen dioxide [NO 2 ]) with the risk of mortality in a large cohort of California adults using individualized exposure assessments. Methods : For fine particulate matter and NO 2 , we used land use regression models to derive predicted individualized exposure at the home address. For O 3 , we estimated exposure with an inverse distance weighting interpolation. Standard and multilevel Cox survival models were used to assess the association between air pollution and mortality. Measurements and Main Results : Data for 73,711 subjects who resided in California were abstracted from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention II Study cohort, with baseline ascertainment of individual characteristics in 1982 and follow-up of vital status through to 2000. Exposure data were derived from government monitors. Exposure to fine particulate matter, O 3 , and NO 2 was positively associated with ischemic heart disease mortality. NO 2 (a marker for traffic pollution) and fine particulate matter were also associated with mortality from all causes combined. Only NO 2 had significant positive association with lung cancer mortality. Conclusions : Using the first individualized exposure assignments in this important cohort, we found positive associations of fine particulate matter, O 3 , and NO 2 with mortality. The positive associations of NO 2 suggest that traffic pollution relates to premature death. Although substantial scientific evidence suggests that chronic exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to premature mortality, uncertainties exist in the size and consistency of this association. Uncertainty may arise from inaccurate exposure assessment.RATIONALEAlthough substantial scientific evidence suggests that chronic exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to premature mortality, uncertainties exist in the size and consistency of this association. Uncertainty may arise from inaccurate exposure assessment.To assess the associations of three types of air pollutants (fine particulate matter, ozone [O3], and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]) with the risk of mortality in a large cohort of California adults using individualized exposure assessments.OBJECTIVESTo assess the associations of three types of air pollutants (fine particulate matter, ozone [O3], and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]) with the risk of mortality in a large cohort of California adults using individualized exposure assessments.For fine particulate matter and NO2, we used land use regression models to derive predicted individualized exposure at the home address. For O3, we estimated exposure with an inverse distance weighting interpolation. Standard and multilevel Cox survival models were used to assess the association between air pollution and mortality.METHODSFor fine particulate matter and NO2, we used land use regression models to derive predicted individualized exposure at the home address. For O3, we estimated exposure with an inverse distance weighting interpolation. Standard and multilevel Cox survival models were used to assess the association between air pollution and mortality.Data for 73,711 subjects who resided in California were abstracted from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention II Study cohort, with baseline ascertainment of individual characteristics in 1982 and follow-up of vital status through to 2000. Exposure data were derived from government monitors. Exposure to fine particulate matter, O3, and NO2 was positively associated with ischemic heart disease mortality. NO2 (a marker for traffic pollution) and fine particulate matter were also associated with mortality from all causes combined. Only NO2 had significant positive association with lung cancer mortality.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTSData for 73,711 subjects who resided in California were abstracted from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention II Study cohort, with baseline ascertainment of individual characteristics in 1982 and follow-up of vital status through to 2000. Exposure data were derived from government monitors. Exposure to fine particulate matter, O3, and NO2 was positively associated with ischemic heart disease mortality. NO2 (a marker for traffic pollution) and fine particulate matter were also associated with mortality from all causes combined. Only NO2 had significant positive association with lung cancer mortality.Using the first individualized exposure assignments in this important cohort, we found positive associations of fine particulate matter, O3, and NO2 with mortality. The positive associations of NO2 suggest that traffic pollution relates to premature death.CONCLUSIONSUsing the first individualized exposure assignments in this important cohort, we found positive associations of fine particulate matter, O3, and NO2 with mortality. The positive associations of NO2 suggest that traffic pollution relates to premature death. |
| Author | Burnett, Richard T. Hughes, Edward Jerrett, Michael Shi, Yuanli Thun, Michael J. Krewski, Daniel Thurston, George Beckerman, Bernardo S. van Donkelaar, Aaron Martin, Randall V. Turner, Michelle C. Gapstur, Susan M. Pope, C. Arden |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Michael surname: Jerrett fullname: Jerrett, Michael organization: Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California – sequence: 2 givenname: Richard T. surname: Burnett fullname: Burnett, Richard T. organization: Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada – sequence: 3 givenname: Bernardo S. surname: Beckerman fullname: Beckerman, Bernardo S. organization: Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California – sequence: 4 givenname: Michelle C. surname: Turner fullname: Turner, Michelle C. organization: McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health, and – sequence: 5 givenname: Daniel surname: Krewski fullname: Krewski, Daniel organization: McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health, and, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada – sequence: 6 givenname: George surname: Thurston fullname: Thurston, George organization: New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York – sequence: 7 givenname: Randall V. surname: Martin fullname: Martin, Randall V. organization: Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada – sequence: 8 givenname: Aaron surname: van Donkelaar fullname: van Donkelaar, Aaron organization: Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada – sequence: 9 givenname: Edward surname: Hughes fullname: Hughes, Edward organization: Edward Hughes Consulting, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada – sequence: 10 givenname: Yuanli surname: Shi fullname: Shi, Yuanli organization: McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health, and – sequence: 11 givenname: Susan M. surname: Gapstur fullname: Gapstur, Susan M. organization: Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; and – sequence: 12 givenname: Michael J. surname: Thun fullname: Thun, Michael J. organization: Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; and – sequence: 13 givenname: C. Arden surname: Pope fullname: Pope, C. Arden organization: Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27727572$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23805824$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2014 INIST-CNRS Copyright American Thoracic Society Sep 1, 2013 Copyright © 2013 by the American Thoracic Society 2013 |
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| SubjectTerms | Air Pollutants - adverse effects Air pollution Air Pollution - adverse effects Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy Biological and medical sciences California - epidemiology Cancer Environment. Living conditions Environmental Exposure - adverse effects Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data Female Humans Intensive care medicine Land use Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Mortality Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide - adverse effects Outdoor air quality Ozone - adverse effects Particulate Matter - adverse effects Pneumology Pollutants Postal codes Proportional Hazards Models Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Regression Analysis Risk Factors Survival Analysis |
| Title | Spatial Analysis of Air Pollution and Mortality in California |
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