An Overview of Comet Assay Application for Detecting DNA Damage in Aquatic Animals

This review discusses several research studies that employed comet assay to evaluate the environmental impact of genotoxins in aquatic environments. It focuses on in vivo and in situ studies of aquatic animals. New chemicals are being added each year to the existing burden of toxic substances in the...

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Published inAgriculture (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 3; p. 623
Main Authors Jiang, Nan, Naz, Saima, Ma, Yulin, Ullah, Qudrat, Khan, Muhammad Zahoor, Wang, Jiaqi, Lu, Xuan, Luosang, Dun-Zhu, Tabassum, Sadia, Chatha, Ahmad Manan Mustafa, Basang, Wang-Dui
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.03.2023
Subjects
agriculture
Animals
Aquatic animals
Aquatic environment
Bioassays
Biocompatibility
Biodiversity
Cell culture
Comet assay
Damage detection
Deoxyribonucleic acid
digestion
DNA
DNA damage
DNA strand breakage
Endonuclease
Environmental impact
Environmental studies
Enzymes
Genotoxicity
Germ cells
habitats
Health risks
Heavy metals
In vivo methods and tests
Indicator species
Indicators (Biology)
Industrial areas
Laboratories
Lesions
mutagens
National libraries
nontarget organisms
Nucleoids
Pesticides
Phytochemicals
Pollutants
SCGE assay
Toxic substances
Toxicity
Toxicology
Wildlife conservation
Workshops
United States > US
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Abstract This review discusses several research studies that employed comet assay to evaluate the environmental impact of genotoxins in aquatic environments. It focuses on in vivo and in situ studies of aquatic animals. New chemicals are being added each year to the existing burden of toxic substances in the environment. Excessive agricultural and industrial activities adversely affect biodiversity, threatening the survival of species in a particular habitat, as well as posing disease risks to humans. Some of the chemicals, e.g., pesticides and heavy metals, may be genotoxic to the sentinel species and/or to non-target species, causing deleterious effects in somatic or germ cells. Comet assay is a quick, sensitive, and low-cost technique for detecting DNA strand breakage. However, the comet assay has much more to offer than being an assay for testing DNA strand breaks in animal organs. The use of repair enzymes increases the range of DNA lesions that can be detected with the assay. Comparing data from studies that employed different approaches, such as empirical scoring or comet tail lengths, comet assay is one of the challenging techniques to be utilized in environmental studies. The relative amount of DNA in the comet tail indicates DNA break intensity. The assay has been modified to detect various base alterations by including the digestion of nucleoids with a lesion-specific endonuclease. The determination of DNA damage in these indicator species using the comet test would thus offer information on the genotoxic potential of their habitat at an early stage. This would enable intervention techniques to prevent or mitigate adverse health impacts in sentinel animals and humans.
AbstractList This review discusses several research studies that employed comet assay to evaluate the environmental impact of genotoxins in aquatic environments. It focuses on in vivo and in situ studies of aquatic animals. New chemicals are being added each year to the existing burden of toxic substances in the environment. Excessive agricultural and industrial activities adversely affect biodiversity, threatening the survival of species in a particular habitat, as well as posing disease risks to humans. Some of the chemicals, e.g., pesticides and heavy metals, may be genotoxic to the sentinel species and/or to non-target species, causing deleterious effects in somatic or germ cells. Comet assay is a quick, sensitive, and low-cost technique for detecting DNA strand breakage. However, the comet assay has much more to offer than being an assay for testing DNA strand breaks in animal organs. The use of repair enzymes increases the range of DNA lesions that can be detected with the assay. Comparing data from studies that employed different approaches, such as empirical scoring or comet tail lengths, comet assay is one of the challenging techniques to be utilized in environmental studies. The relative amount of DNA in the comet tail indicates DNA break intensity. The assay has been modified to detect various base alterations by including the digestion of nucleoids with a lesion-specific endonuclease. The determination of DNA damage in these indicator species using the comet test would thus offer information on the genotoxic potential of their habitat at an early stage. This would enable intervention techniques to prevent or mitigate adverse health impacts in sentinel animals and humans.
Audience Academic
Author Khan, Muhammad Zahoor
Lu, Xuan
Jiang, Nan
Chatha, Ahmad Manan Mustafa
Ullah, Qudrat
Tabassum, Sadia
Ma, Yulin
Basang, Wang-Dui
Wang, Jiaqi
Naz, Saima
Luosang, Dun-Zhu
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Snippet This review discusses several research studies that employed comet assay to evaluate the environmental impact of genotoxins in aquatic environments. It focuses...
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SubjectTerms agriculture
Animals
Aquatic animals
Aquatic environment
Bioassays
Biocompatibility
Biodiversity
Cell culture
Comet assay
Damage detection
Deoxyribonucleic acid
digestion
DNA
DNA damage
DNA strand breakage
Endonuclease
Environmental impact
Environmental studies
Enzymes
Genotoxicity
Germ cells
habitats
Health risks
Heavy metals
In vivo methods and tests
Indicator species
Indicators (Biology)
Industrial areas
Laboratories
Lesions
mutagens
National libraries
nontarget organisms
Nucleoids
Pesticides
Phytochemicals
Pollutants
SCGE assay
Toxic substances
Toxicity
Toxicology
Wildlife conservation
Workshops
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Title An Overview of Comet Assay Application for Detecting DNA Damage in Aquatic Animals
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2791552294
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2887633675
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Volume 13
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