Reversible planar gliding and microcracking in a single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode
Polycrystalline cathode materials that contain a combination of nickel, manganese, and cobalt have been used for advanced lithium batteries. These materials fracture at high voltage, which increases surface area and leads to more side reactions and shorter cycle life. Using single-crystalline sample...
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| Published in | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 370; no. 6522; pp. 1313 - 1317 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
The American Association for the Advancement of Science
11.12.2020
AAAS |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Polycrystalline cathode materials that contain a combination of nickel, manganese, and cobalt have been used for advanced lithium batteries. These materials fracture at high voltage, which increases surface area and leads to more side reactions and shorter cycle life. Using single-crystalline samples as model materials, Bi
et al.
observed changes in nickel-rich cathodes to study the fracture behavior under well-characterized conditions. As the material is charged and lithium is removed, specific planes glide over one another and microcracks are observed. However, this process is reversed on discharge, removing all traces of the microcracking. The authors developed a diffusion-induced stress model to understand the origin of the planar gliding and propose ways to stabilize these nickel-rich cathodes in working batteries.
Science
, this issue p.
1313
Reversible gliding and microcracking of lattice planes are observed in single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode materials.
High-energy nickel (Ni)–rich cathode will play a key role in advanced lithium (Li)–ion batteries, but it suffers from moisture sensitivity, side reactions, and gas generation. Single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode has a great potential to address the challenges present in its polycrystalline counterpart by reducing phase boundaries and materials surfaces. However, synthesis of high-performance single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode is very challenging, notwithstanding a fundamental linkage between overpotential, microstructure, and electrochemical behaviors in single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes. We observe reversible planar gliding and microcracking along the (003) plane in a single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode. The reversible formation of microstructure defects is correlated with the localized stresses induced by a concentration gradient of Li atoms in the lattice, providing clues to mitigate particle fracture from synthesis modifications. |
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| AbstractList | Cracking the problem of cracking cathodesPolycrystalline cathode materials that contain a combination of nickel, manganese, and cobalt have been used for advanced lithium batteries. These materials fracture at high voltage, which increases surface area and leads to more side reactions and shorter cycle life. Using single-crystalline samples as model materials, Bi et al. observed changes in nickel-rich cathodes to study the fracture behavior under well-characterized conditions. As the material is charged and lithium is removed, specific planes glide over one another and microcracks are observed. However, this process is reversed on discharge, removing all traces of the microcracking. The authors developed a diffusion-induced stress model to understand the origin of the planar gliding and propose ways to stabilize these nickel-rich cathodes in working batteries.Science, this issue p. 1313High-energy nickel (Ni)–rich cathode will play a key role in advanced lithium (Li)–ion batteries, but it suffers from moisture sensitivity, side reactions, and gas generation. Single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode has a great potential to address the challenges present in its polycrystalline counterpart by reducing phase boundaries and materials surfaces. However, synthesis of high-performance single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode is very challenging, notwithstanding a fundamental linkage between overpotential, microstructure, and electrochemical behaviors in single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes. We observe reversible planar gliding and microcracking along the (003) plane in a single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode. The reversible formation of microstructure defects is correlated with the localized stresses induced by a concentration gradient of Li atoms in the lattice, providing clues to mitigate particle fracture from synthesis modifications. Polycrystalline cathode materials that contain a combination of nickel, manganese, and cobalt have been used for advanced lithium batteries. These materials fracture at high voltage, which increases surface area and leads to more side reactions and shorter cycle life. Using single-crystalline samples as model materials, Bi et al. observed changes in nickel-rich cathodes to study the fracture behavior under well-characterized conditions. As the material is charged and lithium is removed, specific planes glide over one another and microcracks are observed. However, this process is reversed on discharge, removing all traces of the microcracking. The authors developed a diffusion-induced stress model to understand the origin of the planar gliding and propose ways to stabilize these nickel-rich cathodes in working batteries. Science , this issue p. 1313 Reversible gliding and microcracking of lattice planes are observed in single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode materials. High-energy nickel (Ni)–rich cathode will play a key role in advanced lithium (Li)–ion batteries, but it suffers from moisture sensitivity, side reactions, and gas generation. Single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode has a great potential to address the challenges present in its polycrystalline counterpart by reducing phase boundaries and materials surfaces. However, synthesis of high-performance single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode is very challenging, notwithstanding a fundamental linkage between overpotential, microstructure, and electrochemical behaviors in single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes. We observe reversible planar gliding and microcracking along the (003) plane in a single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode. The reversible formation of microstructure defects is correlated with the localized stresses induced by a concentration gradient of Li atoms in the lattice, providing clues to mitigate particle fracture from synthesis modifications. High-energy nickel (Ni)–rich cathode will play a key role in advanced lithium (Li)–ion batteries, but it suffers from moisture sensitivity, side reactions, and gas generation. Single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode has a great potential to address the challenges present in its polycrystalline counterpart by reducing phase boundaries and materials surfaces. However, synthesis of high-performance single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode is very challenging, notwithstanding a fundamental linkage between overpotential, microstructure, and electrochemical behaviors in single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes. In this study, we observe reversible planar gliding and microcracking along the (003) plane in a single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode. The reversible formation of microstructure defects is correlated with the localized stresses induced by a concentration gradient of Li atoms in the lattice, providing clues to mitigate particle fracture from synthesis modifications. High-energy nickel (Ni)-rich cathode will play a key role in advanced lithium (Li)-ion batteries, but it suffers from moisture sensitivity, side reactions, and gas generation. Single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode has a great potential to address the challenges present in its polycrystalline counterpart by reducing phase boundaries and materials surfaces. However, synthesis of high-performance single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode is very challenging, notwithstanding a fundamental linkage between overpotential, microstructure, and electrochemical behaviors in single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes. We observe reversible planar gliding and microcracking along the (003) plane in a single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode. The reversible formation of microstructure defects is correlated with the localized stresses induced by a concentration gradient of Li atoms in the lattice, providing clues to mitigate particle fracture from synthesis modifications.High-energy nickel (Ni)-rich cathode will play a key role in advanced lithium (Li)-ion batteries, but it suffers from moisture sensitivity, side reactions, and gas generation. Single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode has a great potential to address the challenges present in its polycrystalline counterpart by reducing phase boundaries and materials surfaces. However, synthesis of high-performance single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode is very challenging, notwithstanding a fundamental linkage between overpotential, microstructure, and electrochemical behaviors in single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes. We observe reversible planar gliding and microcracking along the (003) plane in a single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode. The reversible formation of microstructure defects is correlated with the localized stresses induced by a concentration gradient of Li atoms in the lattice, providing clues to mitigate particle fracture from synthesis modifications. High-energy nickel (Ni)-rich cathode will play a key role in advanced lithium (Li)-ion batteries, but it suffers from moisture sensitivity, side reactions, and gas generation. Single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode has a great potential to address the challenges present in its polycrystalline counterpart by reducing phase boundaries and materials surfaces. However, synthesis of high-performance single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode is very challenging, notwithstanding a fundamental linkage between overpotential, microstructure, and electrochemical behaviors in single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes. We observe reversible planar gliding and microcracking along the (003) plane in a single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode. The reversible formation of microstructure defects is correlated with the localized stresses induced by a concentration gradient of Li atoms in the lattice, providing clues to mitigate particle fracture from synthesis modifications. |
| Author | Xiao, Jie Li, Linze Bi, Yujing Tao, Jinhui Zhang, Ji-Guang Xu, Yaobin Hu, Jiangtao Wang, Chongmin Qi, Yue Wu, Yuqin Hu, Enyuan Wu, Bingbin |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yujing orcidid: 0000-0002-1228-9628 surname: Bi fullname: Bi, Yujing organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Jinhui orcidid: 0000-0002-1156-9396 surname: Tao fullname: Tao, Jinhui organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Yuqin orcidid: 0000-0002-3140-1689 surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Yuqin organization: School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA., Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Linze orcidid: 0000-0001-5362-8991 surname: Li fullname: Li, Linze organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Yaobin orcidid: 0000-0002-9945-3514 surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Yaobin organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Enyuan orcidid: 0000-0002-1881-4534 surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Enyuan organization: Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Bingbin orcidid: 0000-0001-7559-9968 surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Bingbin organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Jiangtao orcidid: 0000-0002-2725-7581 surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Jiangtao organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Chongmin orcidid: 0000-0003-3327-0958 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Chongmin organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA – sequence: 10 givenname: Ji-Guang orcidid: 0000-0001-7343-4609 surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Ji-Guang organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA – sequence: 11 givenname: Yue orcidid: 0000-0001-5331-1193 surname: Qi fullname: Qi, Yue organization: School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA., Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA – sequence: 12 givenname: Jie orcidid: 0000-0002-5520-5439 surname: Xiao fullname: Xiao, Jie organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33303612$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1734972$$D View this record in Osti.gov |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works |
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| CorporateAuthor | Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States) |
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| DOI | 10.1126/science.abc3167 |
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| Snippet | Polycrystalline cathode materials that contain a combination of nickel, manganese, and cobalt have been used for advanced lithium batteries. These materials... High-energy nickel (Ni)-rich cathode will play a key role in advanced lithium (Li)-ion batteries, but it suffers from moisture sensitivity, side reactions, and... Cracking the problem of cracking cathodesPolycrystalline cathode materials that contain a combination of nickel, manganese, and cobalt have been used for... High-energy nickel (Ni)–rich cathode will play a key role in advanced lithium (Li)–ion batteries, but it suffers from moisture sensitivity, side reactions, and... |
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| SubjectTerms | batteries Cathodes Cobalt Concentration gradient Crack initiation Cracking (fracturing) Crystal defects Crystal structure Crystallinity Electrochemistry Electrode materials ENERGY STORAGE Fracture mechanics Gliding high nickel High voltage Lithium Lithium batteries Manganese Microcracks Microstructure Nickel Polycrystals Scientific Concepts Side reactions single crystal Single crystals Synthesis |
| Title | Reversible planar gliding and microcracking in a single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode |
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