Controlled release urea altered the paddy soil heterogeneity at mesoscale qualified by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

• Published in: Geoderma Vol. 451; p. 117063
• Main Authors: Ma, Fei, Zhou, Jianmin, Du, Changwen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.11.2024; Elsevier
• Subjects: agricultural management; agricultural soils; cluster analysis; color; Controlled release urea; fertilizers; Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy; nitrogen; Paddy soil; paddy soils; Principal component analysis; RGB composite; soil heterogeneity; soil quality; spectroscopy; urea; N1; N2; Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy; N3; N4; RGB composite; CRU; CK; RGB; LIBS; Paddy soil; PCA; Controlled release urea; CRN; Principal component analysis

[Display omitted] •LIBS was employed to capture soil heterogeneity at mesoscale.•PCA method and ternary plots explored main elements distribution.•RGB method was applied to qualify soil heterogeneity.•Controlled release urea altered the paddy soil heterogeneity at mesoscale. Farmland soil shows stro...