Benign childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms: Neuropsychological findings

• Published in: Epilepsy research Vol. 64; no. 3; pp. 137 - 150
• Main Authors: Germanò, Eva, Gagliano, Antonella, Magazù, Angela, Sferro, Caterina, Calarese, Tiziana, Mannarino, Erminia, Calamoneri, Filippo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01.05.2005; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adolescent; Benign focal epilepsy of childhood; Biological and medical sciences; Child; Epilepsies, Partial - physiopathology; Epilepsies, Partial - psychology; Female; Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes); Neurology; Neuropsychological testing; Neuropsychological Tests - statistics & numerical data; Occipital paroxysms; Psychomotor Performance - physiology; Statistics, Nonparametric; EBOS; ABC; MRI; EEG; BECT; AEDs; Occipital paroxysms; TVP; FSIQ; Benign focal epilepsy of childhood; PIQ; TOMAL; Neuropsychological testing; CEOP; BFEC; VIQ; Dexterity; Cognitive disorder; Arithmetics; Education level; Epilepsy; Sex; Neuropsychological test; Visual perception; Manual task; Attentional disorder; Language; Learning disability; Diagnosis; Child; Human; Nervous system diseases; Attention; Stress; Cerebral disorder; Verbal memory; Central nervous system disease; Spatial memory
• ISSN: 0920-1211; 1872-6844
• DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2005.03.004

Benign childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms is classified among childhood benign partial epilepsies. The absence of neurological and neuropsychological deficits has long been considered as a prerequisite for a diagnosis of benign childhood partial epilepsy. Much evidence has been reported in literature in the latest years suggesting a neuropsychological impairment in this type of epilepsy, particularly in the type with Rolandic paroxysms. The present work examines the neuropsychological profiles of a sample of subjects affected by the early-onset benign childhood occipital seizures (EBOS) described by Panayotopulos. The patient group included 22 children (14 males and 8 females; mean age 10.1 ± 3.3 years) diagnosed as having EBOS. The patients were examined with a set of tests investigating neuropsychological functions: memory, attention, perceptive, motor, linguistic and academic (reading, writing, arithmetic) abilities. The same instruments have been given to a homogeneous control group as regards sex, age, level of education and socio-economic background. None of the subjects affected by EBOS showed intellectual deficit (mean IQ in Wechsler Full Scale 91.7; S.D. 8.9). Results show a widespread cognitive dysfunction in the context of a focal epileptogenic process in EBOS. In particular, children with EBOS show a significant occurrence of specific learning disabilities (SLD) and other subtle neuropsychological deficits. We found selective dysfunctions relating to perceptive-visual attentional ability ( p < 0.05), verbal and visual-spatial memory abilities ( p < 0.01), visual perception and visual-motor integration global abilities ( p < 0.01), manual dexterity tasks ( p < 0.05), some language tasks ( p < 0.05), reading and writing abilities ( p < 0.01) and arithmetic ability ( p < 0.01). The presence of cognitive dysfunctions in subjects with EBOS supports the hypothesis that epilepsy itself plays a role in the development of neuropsychological impairment. Supported by other studies that have documented subtle neuropsychological deficits in benign partial epilepsy, we stress the importance of reconsidering its supposed “cognitive benignity”, particularly in occipital types.