Baseline Sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. Isolated from Apples to Pyraclostrobin in Korea
The genus Botryosphaeria cause white rot disease on apple trees, and control of this pathogens were primary relied on the fungicide applications. To investigate the pyraclostrobin sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. in Korea, 329 isolates were collected from eight regions between 2005 and 2023. Phylo...
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| Published in | The plant pathology journal Vol. 41; no. 2; pp. 189 - 200 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Korea (South)
Korean Society of Plant Pathology
01.04.2025
Hanrimwon Publishing Company 한국식물병리학회 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2093-9280 1598-2254 2093-9280 |
| DOI | 10.5423/PPJ.OA.11.2024.0184 |
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| Abstract | The genus Botryosphaeria cause white rot disease on apple trees, and control of this pathogens were primary relied on the fungicide applications. To investigate the pyraclostrobin sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. in Korea, 329 isolates were collected from eight regions between 2005 and 2023. Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences of internal transcribed spacer, tef1, and tub2 revealed B. sinensis (287 out of 329 isolates) and B. kuwatsukai (42 out of 329 isolates). EC50 values of isolates ranged from 0.01 to 34.16 μg/ml (average, 3.03 μg/ml). Mean EC50 values and frequency distributions were similar among isolate groups, indicating no significant differences in sensitivity. Twenty less-sensitive and 20 sensitive isolates were selected and their cytochrome b (cyt b) genes analyzed, revealing no mutations in codons 129, 137, and 143. Whole gene sequencing revealed three distinct cyt b gene structures among Botryosphaeria spp., and all strains, including those with different EC50 values and species, showed consistent amino acid sequences. Furthermore, control efficacy on pyraclostrobin-treated apple fruits indicated no significant differences between the five least sensitive and five most sensitive isolates. These results provide the baseline sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. to pyraclostrobin and highlight the structural characteristics of their cyt b gene. In conclusion, the assessment of Botryosphaeria isolates from various regions in Korea revealed no evidence of resistance to pyraclostrobin so far. However, the risk of resistance of Botryosphaeria populations still exists so it is assumed that continuous monitoring of risk assessment is necessary for Botryosphaeria in Korea. |
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| AbstractList | The genus Botryosphaeria cause white rot disease on apple trees, and control of this pathogens were primary relied on the fungicide applications. To investigate the pyraclostrobin sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. in Korea, 329 isolates were collected from eight regions between 2005 and 2023. Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences of internal transcribed spacer, tef1, and tub2 revealed B. sinensis (287 out of 329 isolates) and B. kuwatsukai (42 out of 329 isolates). EC50 values of isolates ranged from 0.01 to 34.16 μg/ml (average, 3.03 μg/ml). Mean EC50 values and frequency distributions were similar among isolate groups, indicating no significant differences in sensitivity. Twenty less-sensitive and 20 sensitive isolates were selected and their cytochrome b (cyt b) genes analyzed, revealing no mutations in codons 129, 137, and 143. Whole gene sequencing revealed three distinct cyt b gene structures among Botryosphaeria spp., and all strains, including those with different EC50 values and species, showed consistent amino acid sequences. Furthermore, control efficacy on pyraclostrobin-treated apple fruits indicated no significant differences between the five least sensitive and five most sensitive isolates. These results provide the baseline sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. to pyraclostrobin and highlight the structural characteristics of their cyt b gene. In conclusion, the assessment of Botryosphaeria isolates from various regions in Korea revealed no evidence of resistance to pyraclostrobin so far. However, the risk of resistance of Botryosphaeria populations still exists so it is assumed that continuous monitoring of risk assessment is necessary for Botryosphaeria in Korea. The genus Botryosphaeria cause white rot disease on apple trees, and control of this pathogens were primary relied on the fungicide applications. To investigate the pyraclostrobin sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. in Korea, 329 isolates were collected from eight regions between 2005 and 2023. Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences of internal transcribed spacer, tef1, and tub2 revealed B. sinensis (287 out of 329 isolates) and B. kuwatsukai (42 out of 329 isolates). EC50 values of isolates ranged from 0.01 to 34.16 μg/ml (average, 3.03 μg/ml). Mean EC50 values and frequency distributions were similar among isolate groups, indicating no significant differences in sensitivity. Twenty less-sensitive and 20 sensitive isolates were selected and their cytochrome b (cyt b) genes analyzed, revealing no mutations in codons 129, 137, and 143. Whole gene sequencing revealed three distinct cyt b gene structures among Botryosphaeria spp., and all strains, including those with different EC50 values and species, showed consistent amino acid sequences. Furthermore, control efficacy on pyraclostrobin-treated apple fruits indicated no significant differences between the five least sensitive and five most sensitive isolates. These results provide the baseline sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. to pyraclostrobin and highlight the structural characteristics of their cyt b gene. In conclusion, the assessment of Botryosphaeria isolates from various regions in Korea revealed no evidence of resistance to pyraclostrobin so far. However, the risk of resistance of Botryosphaeria populations still exists so it is assumed that continuous monitoring of risk assessment is necessary for Botryosphaeria in Korea. KCI Citation Count: 0 The genus Botryosphaeria cause white rot disease on apple trees, and control of this pathogens were primary relied on the fungicide applications. To investigate the pyraclostrobin sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. in Korea, 329 isolates were collected from eight regions between 2005 and 2023. Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences of internal transcribed spacer, tef 1, and tub 2 revealed B. sinensis (287 out of 329 isolates) and B. kuwatsukai (42 out of 329 isolates). EC 50 values of isolates ranged from 0.01 to 34.16 μg/ml (average, 3.03 μg/ml). Mean EC 50 values and frequency distributions were similar among isolate groups, indicating no significant differences in sensitivity. Twenty less-sensitive and 20 sensitive isolates were selected and their cytochrome b ( cyt b ) genes analyzed, revealing no mutations in codons 129, 137, and 143. Whole gene sequencing revealed three distinct cyt b gene structures among Botryosphaeria spp., and all strains, including those with different EC 50 values and species, showed consistent amino acid sequences. Furthermore, control efficacy on pyraclostrobin-treated apple fruits indicated no significant differences between the five least sensitive and five most sensitive isolates. These results provide the baseline sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. to pyraclostrobin and highlight the structural characteristics of their cyt b gene. In conclusion, the assessment of Botryosphaeria isolates from various regions in Korea revealed no evidence of resistance to pyraclostrobin so far. However, the risk of resistance of Botryosphaeria populations still exists so it is assumed that continuous monitoring of risk assessment is necessary for Botryosphaeria in Korea. The genus Botryosphaeria cause white rot disease on apple trees, and control of this pathogens were primary relied on the fungicide applications. To investigate the pyraclostrobin sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. in Korea, 329 isolates were collected from eight regions between 2005 and 2023. Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences of internal transcribed spacer, tef1, and tub2 revealed B. sinensis (287 out of 329 isolates) and B. kuwatsukai (42 out of 329 isolates). EC50 values of isolates ranged from 0.01 to 34.16 μg/ml (average, 3.03 μg/ml). Mean EC50 values and frequency distributions were similar among isolate groups, indicating no significant differences in sensitivity. Twenty less-sensitive and 20 sensitive isolates were selected and their cytochrome b (cyt b) genes analyzed, revealing no mutations in codons 129, 137, and 143. Whole gene sequencing revealed three distinct cyt b gene structures among Botryosphaeria spp., and all strains, including those with different EC50 values and species, showed consistent amino acid sequences. Furthermore, control efficacy on pyraclostrobin-treated apple fruits indicated no significant differences between the five least sensitive and five most sensitive isolates. These results provide the baseline sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. to pyraclostrobin and highlight the structural characteristics of their cyt b gene. In conclusion, the assessment of Botryosphaeria isolates from various regions in Korea revealed no evidence of resistance to pyraclostrobin so far. However, the risk of resistance of Botryosphaeria populations still exists so it is assumed that continuous monitoring of risk assessment is necessary for Botryosphaeria in Korea.The genus Botryosphaeria cause white rot disease on apple trees, and control of this pathogens were primary relied on the fungicide applications. To investigate the pyraclostrobin sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. in Korea, 329 isolates were collected from eight regions between 2005 and 2023. Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences of internal transcribed spacer, tef1, and tub2 revealed B. sinensis (287 out of 329 isolates) and B. kuwatsukai (42 out of 329 isolates). EC50 values of isolates ranged from 0.01 to 34.16 μg/ml (average, 3.03 μg/ml). Mean EC50 values and frequency distributions were similar among isolate groups, indicating no significant differences in sensitivity. Twenty less-sensitive and 20 sensitive isolates were selected and their cytochrome b (cyt b) genes analyzed, revealing no mutations in codons 129, 137, and 143. Whole gene sequencing revealed three distinct cyt b gene structures among Botryosphaeria spp., and all strains, including those with different EC50 values and species, showed consistent amino acid sequences. Furthermore, control efficacy on pyraclostrobin-treated apple fruits indicated no significant differences between the five least sensitive and five most sensitive isolates. These results provide the baseline sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. to pyraclostrobin and highlight the structural characteristics of their cyt b gene. In conclusion, the assessment of Botryosphaeria isolates from various regions in Korea revealed no evidence of resistance to pyraclostrobin so far. However, the risk of resistance of Botryosphaeria populations still exists so it is assumed that continuous monitoring of risk assessment is necessary for Botryosphaeria in Korea. |
| Author | Choi, Jun-Woo Jung, Hee-Young Lim, Gwang-Jae Nam, Young Ju Lee, Seung-Yeol Kim, Hae-Dam Lee, Ha-Kyoung |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea 4 Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 45166, Korea 1 Department of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea 2 Global Agro-Consulting Corporation, Suwon 16614, Korea |
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| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Gwang-Jae surname: Lim fullname: Lim, Gwang-Jae – sequence: 2 givenname: Hae-Dam surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Hae-Dam – sequence: 3 givenname: Jun-Woo surname: Choi fullname: Choi, Jun-Woo – sequence: 4 givenname: Young Ju surname: Nam fullname: Nam, Young Ju – sequence: 5 givenname: Ha-Kyoung surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Ha-Kyoung – sequence: 6 givenname: Seung-Yeol orcidid: 0000-0003-1676-0330 surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Seung-Yeol – sequence: 7 givenname: Hee-Young surname: Jung fullname: Jung, Hee-Young |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1128/aem.00931-10 10.1094/pdis-01-22-0053-re 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1204-re 10.1094/pdis-07-18-1214-re 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105760 10.1002/ps.2016 10.3390/molecules28114460 10.1016/j.pestbp.2003.08.002 10.3390/agronomy14040813 10.5423/rpd.2024.30.4.353 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01909.x 10.1016/j.pestbp.2008.11.004 10.1080/15476286.2020.1763024 10.1002/ps.1236 10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.037 10.3767/persoonia.2021.46.03 10.1111/1462-2920.15608 10.1371/journal.pone.0253659 10.1128/aem.61.4.1323-1330.1995 10.1016/b978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1 10.1094/pdis-92-4-0555 10.1038/s41598-017-15545-9 10.1111/j.1365-294x.1993.tb00005.x 10.1002/ps.1330 10.1093/molbev/msab120 10.1002/ps.7726 10.7585/kjps.2019.23.3.202 10.1007/s41348-024-00872-7 10.5423/ppj.oa.10.2023.0144 10.1094/pdis-01-13-0053-pdn 10.1007/s13225-014-0306-5 10.1002/ps.565 10.1111/mpp.12495 10.7585/kjps.2022.26.3.169 10.5423/ppj.rw.09.2023.0132 10.1371/journal.pone.0200569 10.1093/nar/gkn372 10.1002/ps.5461 10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.390 10.1094/phyto-08-11-0234 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01786.x |
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| Title | Baseline Sensitivity of Botryosphaeria spp. Isolated from Apples to Pyraclostrobin in Korea |
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