Association between abdominal obesity and hypertension: analysis of the Peruvian Demographic Family Health Survey (2018-2023)

The association between waist circumference (WC) and hypertension, and if this association varies by sex or by body mass index (BMI) categories have not deeply been assessed in the American continent. We aimed to evaluate whether an association between abdominal obesity and hypertension exists and i...

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Published inCadernos de saúde pública Vol. 41; no. 7; p. e00143724
Main Authors Laveriano-Terreros, Ivett, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Brazil Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz 01.01.2025
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
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ISSN0102-311X
1678-4464
1678-4464
DOI10.1590/0102-311xen143724

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Abstract The association between waist circumference (WC) and hypertension, and if this association varies by sex or by body mass index (BMI) categories have not deeply been assessed in the American continent. We aimed to evaluate whether an association between abdominal obesity and hypertension exists and if sex and BMI configure effect modifiers of such association. A secondary analysis of the Peruvian Demographic Family Health Survey data was conducted. Subjects aged from 20 to 69 years were included. Hypertension, defined by the Eighth Joint National Committee, was chosen as the outcome, whereas abdominal obesity (using WC cutoffs based on the 2001 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III) was selected as exposure. Poisson regression was used to report prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Data from 144,156 subjects [mean age 41.4 (SD = 13.4), 54.8% of whom were women] were analyzed. Prevalence of abdominal obesity and hypertension totaled 45.4 and 19.5%, respectively. The adjusted model associated abdominal obesity with greater hypertension prevalence (PR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.24-1.39). BMI, but nor sex, was an effect modifier of the association. Thus, those obese by BMI and abdominally obese had the strongest association with hypertension (PR = 2.76; 95%CI: 2.58-2.94) than those with normal BMI and no abdominal obesity. Our results evince a positive association between abdominal obesity and hypertension depending on BMI category. Those obese by both BMI and WC had the strongest association with hypertension. Our results suggest that BMI and WC offer useful markers for hypertension. Resumen: La asociación entre la circunferencia de la cintura (CC) y la hipertensión arterial, así como la posibilidad de esta asociación varíe según el sexo o las categorías del índice de masa corporal (IMC), no ha sido evaluada en profundidad en el continente americano. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar si existe una asociación entre la obesidad abdominal y la hipertensión arterial y, sumado a esto, si el sexo y el IMC configuran modificadores del efecto de dicha asociación. Se realizó un análisis secundario de los datos de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar de Perú. Se incluyeron sujetos con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y los 69 años. La hipertensión, definida por el Octavo Comité Nacional Conjunto, fue considerada como desenlace, mientras que la obesidad abdominal (utilizando los puntos de corte de CC basados en el Panel de Tratamiento del Adultos III del Programa Nacional de Educación sobre el Colesterol de 2001) fue seleccionada como exposición. Se utilizó la regresión de Poisson para informar las razones de prevalencia (RP) y los intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Se analizaron los datos de 144.156 sujetos [edad media 41,4 (DE = 13,4), de los cuales el 54,8% eran mujeres]. La prevalencia de obesidad abdominal e hipertensión arterial fue de 45,4 y 19,5%, respectivamente. El modelo ajustado asoció la obesidad abdominal con una mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (RP = 1,31; IC 95%: 1.24-1.39). El sexo no fue un modificador del efecto de la asociación, pero el IMC sí. De esta manera, los individuos obesos por IMC y con obesidad abdominal presentaron la asociación más fuerte con la hipertensión arterial (RP = 2,76; IC95%: 2,58-2,94) que aquellos con un IMC normal y sin obesidad abdominal. Nuestros resultados evidencian una asociación positiva entre la obesidad abdominal y la hipertensión en función de la categoría del IMC. Los obesos tanto por IMC como por CC tenían la asociación más fuerte con la hipertensión. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el IMC y la CC ofrecen marcadores útiles para la hipertensión. Resumo: A associação entre circunferência da cintura (CC) e hipertensão arterial e a sua possível variação por sexo ou categorias de índice de massa corporal (IMC) para o continente americano carece de uma avaliação profunda. Buscamos avaliar se há uma associação entre obesidade abdominal e hipertensão arterial e se sexo e IMC configuram modificadores de efeito dessa associação por uma análise secundária dos dados da Pesquisa Demográfica de Saúde Familiar do Peru. Indivíduos com idade entre 20 e 69 anos foram incluídos neste estudo. A hipertensão, definida pelo Oitavo Comitê Nacional Conjunto, foi escolhida como desfecho, enquanto a obesidade abdominal (usando pontos de corte de CC com base no Painel III de Tratamento de Adultos do Programa Nacional de Educação em Colesterol, 2001) foi selecionada como exposição. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para relatar razões de prevalência (RP) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Dados de 144.156 indivíduos foram analisados [idade média de 41,4 (DP = 13,4), 54,8% de mulheres]. As prevalências de obesidade abdominal e hipertensão totalizaram 45,4 e 19,5%, respectivamente. O modelo ajustado associou a obesidade abdominal com maior prevalência de hipertensão arterial (RP = 1,31; IC95%: 1,24-1,39). O sexo não configurou um modificador de efeito da associação, mas o IMC sim. Assim, os indivíduos obesos e com obesidade abdominal apresentaram a associação mais forte com a hipertensão arterial (RP = 2,76; IC95%: 2,58-2,94) do que aqueles com IMC normal e sem obesidade abdominal. Nossos resultados evidenciam uma associação positiva entre obesidade abdominal e hipertensão dependendo da categoria de IMC. Aqueles obesos tanto pelo IMC quanto pela CC apresentaram a associação mais forte com a hipertensão. Nossos resultados sugerem que o IMC e a CC oferecem marcadores úteis para hipertensão.
AbstractList The association between waist circumference (WC) and hypertension, and if this association varies by sex or by body mass index (BMI) categories have not deeply been assessed in the American continent. We aimed to evaluate whether an association between abdominal obesity and hypertension exists and if sex and BMI configure effect modifiers of such association. A secondary analysis of the Peruvian Demographic Family Health Survey data was conducted. Subjects aged from 20 to 69 years were included. Hypertension, defined by the Eighth Joint National Committee, was chosen as the outcome, whereas abdominal obesity (using WC cutoffs based on the 2001 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III) was selected as exposure. Poisson regression was used to report prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Data from 144,156 subjects [mean age 41.4 (SD = 13.4), 54.8% of whom were women] were analyzed. Prevalence of abdominal obesity and hypertension totaled 45.4 and 19.5%, respectively. The adjusted model associated abdominal obesity with greater hypertension prevalence (PR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.24-1.39). BMI, but nor sex, was an effect modifier of the association. Thus, those obese by BMI and abdominally obese had the strongest association with hypertension (PR = 2.76; 95%CI: 2.58-2.94) than those with normal BMI and no abdominal obesity. Our results evince a positive association between abdominal obesity and hypertension depending on BMI category. Those obese by both BMI and WC had the strongest association with hypertension. Our results suggest that BMI and WC offer useful markers for hypertension.The association between waist circumference (WC) and hypertension, and if this association varies by sex or by body mass index (BMI) categories have not deeply been assessed in the American continent. We aimed to evaluate whether an association between abdominal obesity and hypertension exists and if sex and BMI configure effect modifiers of such association. A secondary analysis of the Peruvian Demographic Family Health Survey data was conducted. Subjects aged from 20 to 69 years were included. Hypertension, defined by the Eighth Joint National Committee, was chosen as the outcome, whereas abdominal obesity (using WC cutoffs based on the 2001 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III) was selected as exposure. Poisson regression was used to report prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Data from 144,156 subjects [mean age 41.4 (SD = 13.4), 54.8% of whom were women] were analyzed. Prevalence of abdominal obesity and hypertension totaled 45.4 and 19.5%, respectively. The adjusted model associated abdominal obesity with greater hypertension prevalence (PR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.24-1.39). BMI, but nor sex, was an effect modifier of the association. Thus, those obese by BMI and abdominally obese had the strongest association with hypertension (PR = 2.76; 95%CI: 2.58-2.94) than those with normal BMI and no abdominal obesity. Our results evince a positive association between abdominal obesity and hypertension depending on BMI category. Those obese by both BMI and WC had the strongest association with hypertension. Our results suggest that BMI and WC offer useful markers for hypertension.
The association between waist circumference (WC) and hypertension, and if this association varies by sex or by body mass index (BMI) categories have not deeply been assessed in the American continent. We aimed to evaluate whether an association between abdominal obesity and hypertension exists and if sex and BMI configure effect modifiers of such association. A secondary analysis of the Peruvian Demographic Family Health Survey data was conducted. Subjects aged from 20 to 69 years were included. Hypertension, defined by the Eighth Joint National Committee, was chosen as the outcome, whereas abdominal obesity (using WC cutoffs based on the 2001 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III) was selected as exposure. Poisson regression was used to report prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Data from 144,156 subjects [mean age 41.4 (SD = 13.4), 54.8% of whom were women] were analyzed. Prevalence of abdominal obesity and hypertension totaled 45.4 and 19.5%, respectively. The adjusted model associated abdominal obesity with greater hypertension prevalence (PR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.24-1.39). BMI, but nor sex, was an effect modifier of the association. Thus, those obese by BMI and abdominally obese had the strongest association with hypertension (PR = 2.76; 95%CI: 2.58-2.94) than those with normal BMI and no abdominal obesity. Our results evince a positive association between abdominal obesity and hypertension depending on BMI category. Those obese by both BMI and WC had the strongest association with hypertension. Our results suggest that BMI and WC offer useful markers for hypertension.
The association between waist circumference (WC) and hypertension, and if this association varies by sex or by body mass index (BMI) categories have not deeply been assessed in the American continent. We aimed to evaluate whether an association between abdominal obesity and hypertension exists and if sex and BMI configure effect modifiers of such association. A secondary analysis of the Peruvian Demographic Family Health Survey data was conducted. Subjects aged from 20 to 69 years were included. Hypertension, defined by the Eighth Joint National Committee, was chosen as the outcome, whereas abdominal obesity (using WC cutoffs based on the 2001 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III) was selected as exposure. Poisson regression was used to report prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Data from 144,156 subjects [mean age 41.4 (SD = 13.4), 54.8% of whom were women] were analyzed. Prevalence of abdominal obesity and hypertension totaled 45.4 and 19.5%, respectively. The adjusted model associated abdominal obesity with greater hypertension prevalence (PR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.24-1.39). BMI, but nor sex, was an effect modifier of the association. Thus, those obese by BMI and abdominally obese had the strongest association with hypertension (PR = 2.76; 95%CI: 2.58-2.94) than those with normal BMI and no abdominal obesity. Our results evince a positive association between abdominal obesity and hypertension depending on BMI category. Those obese by both BMI and WC had the strongest association with hypertension. Our results suggest that BMI and WC offer useful markers for hypertension. Resumen: La asociación entre la circunferencia de la cintura (CC) y la hipertensión arterial, así como la posibilidad de esta asociación varíe según el sexo o las categorías del índice de masa corporal (IMC), no ha sido evaluada en profundidad en el continente americano. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar si existe una asociación entre la obesidad abdominal y la hipertensión arterial y, sumado a esto, si el sexo y el IMC configuran modificadores del efecto de dicha asociación. Se realizó un análisis secundario de los datos de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar de Perú. Se incluyeron sujetos con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y los 69 años. La hipertensión, definida por el Octavo Comité Nacional Conjunto, fue considerada como desenlace, mientras que la obesidad abdominal (utilizando los puntos de corte de CC basados en el Panel de Tratamiento del Adultos III del Programa Nacional de Educación sobre el Colesterol de 2001) fue seleccionada como exposición. Se utilizó la regresión de Poisson para informar las razones de prevalencia (RP) y los intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Se analizaron los datos de 144.156 sujetos [edad media 41,4 (DE = 13,4), de los cuales el 54,8% eran mujeres]. La prevalencia de obesidad abdominal e hipertensión arterial fue de 45,4 y 19,5%, respectivamente. El modelo ajustado asoció la obesidad abdominal con una mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (RP = 1,31; IC 95%: 1.24-1.39). El sexo no fue un modificador del efecto de la asociación, pero el IMC sí. De esta manera, los individuos obesos por IMC y con obesidad abdominal presentaron la asociación más fuerte con la hipertensión arterial (RP = 2,76; IC95%: 2,58-2,94) que aquellos con un IMC normal y sin obesidad abdominal. Nuestros resultados evidencian una asociación positiva entre la obesidad abdominal y la hipertensión en función de la categoría del IMC. Los obesos tanto por IMC como por CC tenían la asociación más fuerte con la hipertensión. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el IMC y la CC ofrecen marcadores útiles para la hipertensión. Resumo: A associação entre circunferência da cintura (CC) e hipertensão arterial e a sua possível variação por sexo ou categorias de índice de massa corporal (IMC) para o continente americano carece de uma avaliação profunda. Buscamos avaliar se há uma associação entre obesidade abdominal e hipertensão arterial e se sexo e IMC configuram modificadores de efeito dessa associação por uma análise secundária dos dados da Pesquisa Demográfica de Saúde Familiar do Peru. Indivíduos com idade entre 20 e 69 anos foram incluídos neste estudo. A hipertensão, definida pelo Oitavo Comitê Nacional Conjunto, foi escolhida como desfecho, enquanto a obesidade abdominal (usando pontos de corte de CC com base no Painel III de Tratamento de Adultos do Programa Nacional de Educação em Colesterol, 2001) foi selecionada como exposição. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para relatar razões de prevalência (RP) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Dados de 144.156 indivíduos foram analisados [idade média de 41,4 (DP = 13,4), 54,8% de mulheres]. As prevalências de obesidade abdominal e hipertensão totalizaram 45,4 e 19,5%, respectivamente. O modelo ajustado associou a obesidade abdominal com maior prevalência de hipertensão arterial (RP = 1,31; IC95%: 1,24-1,39). O sexo não configurou um modificador de efeito da associação, mas o IMC sim. Assim, os indivíduos obesos e com obesidade abdominal apresentaram a associação mais forte com a hipertensão arterial (RP = 2,76; IC95%: 2,58-2,94) do que aqueles com IMC normal e sem obesidade abdominal. Nossos resultados evidenciam uma associação positiva entre obesidade abdominal e hipertensão dependendo da categoria de IMC. Aqueles obesos tanto pelo IMC quanto pela CC apresentaram a associação mais forte com a hipertensão. Nossos resultados sugerem que o IMC e a CC oferecem marcadores úteis para hipertensão.
The association between waist circumference (WC) and hypertension, and if this association varies by sex or by body mass index (BMI) categories have not deeply been assessed in the American continent. We aimed to evaluate whether an association between abdominal obesity and hypertension exists and if sex and BMI configure effect modifiers of such association. A secondary analysis of the Peruvian Demographic Family Health Survey data was conducted. Subjects aged from 20 to 69 years were included. Hypertension, defined by the Eighth Joint National Committee, was chosen as the outcome, whereas abdominal obesity (using WC cutoffs based on the 2001 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III ) was selected as exposure. Poisson regression was used to report prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Data from 144,156 subjects [mean age 41.4 (SD = 13.4), 54.8% of whom were women] were analyzed. Prevalence of abdominal obesity and hypertension totaled 45.4 and 19.5%, respectively. The adjusted model associated abdominal obesity with greater hypertension prevalence (PR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.24-1.39). BMI, but nor sex, was an effect modifier of the association. Thus, those obese by BMI and abdominally obese had the strongest association with hypertension (PR = 2.76; 95%CI: 2.58-2.94) than those with normal BMI and no abdominal obesity. Our results evince a positive association between abdominal obesity and hypertension depending on BMI category. Those obese by both BMI and WC had the strongest association with hypertension. Our results suggest that BMI and WC offer useful markers for hypertension.
Author Laveriano-Terreros, Ivett
Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio
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Issue 7
Keywords Hypertension
Body Mass Index
Obesidad Abdominal
Waist Circumference
Circunferencia de la Cintura
Índice de Massa Corporal
Abdominal Obesity
Hipertensión
Hipertensão
Índice de Masa Corporal
Obesidade Abdominal
Circunferência de Cintura
Language English
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Snippet The association between waist circumference (WC) and hypertension, and if this association varies by sex or by body mass index (BMI) categories have not deeply...
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SubjectTerms Abdominal Obesity
Adult
Aged
Body Mass Index
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Health Policy & Services
Health Surveys
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension - epidemiology
Hypertension - etiology
Male
Middle Aged
Obesity, Abdominal - complications
Obesity, Abdominal - epidemiology
Peru - epidemiology
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Sex Factors
Socioeconomic Factors
Waist Circumference
Young Adult
Title Association between abdominal obesity and hypertension: analysis of the Peruvian Demographic Family Health Survey (2018-2023)
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