Hydroxynorketamines: Pharmacology and Potential Therapeutic Applications

• Published in: Pharmacological reviews Vol. 73; no. 2; pp. 763 - 791
• Main Authors: Highland, Jaclyn N., Zanos, Panos, Riggs, Lace M., Georgiou, Polymnia, Clark, Sarah M., Morris, Patrick J., Moaddel, Ruin, Thomas, Craig J., Zarate, Carlos A., Pereira, Edna F.R., Gould, Todd D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.04.2021; The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
• Subjects: Anesthetics; Antidepressive Agents - pharmacology; Depression; Humans; Ketamine - pharmacology; Review; Synaptic Transmission; p4E-BP1; eEF2; AMPA; HK; HNK; mEPSC; AP-2; AUC; GluA; CA1; fEPSP; CSF; mTOR; NMDA; malus; GluN; BDNF; ERα; iPSC; CRPS1; AMPAR; TrkB; NMDAR; mTORC1; pERK

Hydroxynorketamines (HNKs) are formed in vivo after (R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) administration. The 12 HNK stereoisomers are distinguished by the position of cyclohexyl ring hydroxylation (at the 4, 5, or 6 position) and their unique stereochemistry at two stereocenters. Although HNKs were initially c...