Effects of PCSK9 Targeting: Alleviating Oxidation, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis
Characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease of the large arteries, atherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, the leading contributor of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Elevated plasma cholesterol levels and chronic inflammation within the arterial plaque are major mediat...
Saved in:
Published in | Journal of the American Heart Association Vol. 11; no. 3; p. e023328 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
John Wiley and Sons Inc
01.02.2022
Wiley |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | Characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease of the large arteries, atherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, the leading contributor of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Elevated plasma cholesterol levels and chronic inflammation within the arterial plaque are major mediators of plaque initiation, progression, and instability. In 2003, the protein PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9) was discovered to play a critical role in cholesterol regulation, thus becoming a key player in the mechanisms behind atherosclerotic plaque development. Emerging evidence suggests that PCSK9 could potentially have effects on atherosclerosis that are independent of cholesterol levels. The objective of this review was to discuss the role on PCSK9 in oxidation, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. This function activates proinflammatory cytokine production and affects oxidative modifications within atherosclerotic lesions, revealing its more significant role in atherosclerosis. Although a variety of evidence demonstrates that PCSK9 plays a role in atherosclerotic inflammation, the direct mechanism of involvement is still unknown, driving a gap in knowledge to such a predominant player in cardiovascular disease. Investigation of proteins structurally related to PCSK9 may interestingly be the link in unveiling the mechanistic role of this protein's involvement in oxidation and inflammation. Importantly, the unique structure of PCSK9 bears structural homology to a one-of-a-kind domain found in the metabolic protein resistin, which is responsible for many of the same inflammatory outcomes as PCSK9. Closing this gap in knowledge of PCSK9`s role in atherosclerotic oxidation and inflammation will provide fundamental information for understanding, preventing, and treating cardiovascular disease. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease of the large arteries, atherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, the leading contributor of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Elevated plasma cholesterol levels and chronic inflammation within the arterial plaque are major mediators of plaque initiation, progression, and instability. In 2003, the protein PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9) was discovered to play a critical role in cholesterol regulation, thus becoming a key player in the mechanisms behind atherosclerotic plaque development. Emerging evidence suggests that PCSK9 could potentially have effects on atherosclerosis that are independent of cholesterol levels. The objective of this review was to discuss the role on PCSK9 in oxidation, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. This function activates proinflammatory cytokine production and affects oxidative modifications within atherosclerotic lesions, revealing its more significant role in atherosclerosis. Although a variety of evidence demonstrates that PCSK9 plays a role in atherosclerotic inflammation, the direct mechanism of involvement is still unknown, driving a gap in knowledge to such a predominant player in cardiovascular disease. Investigation of proteins structurally related to PCSK9 may interestingly be the link in unveiling the mechanistic role of this protein’s involvement in oxidation and inflammation. Importantly, the unique structure of PCSK9 bears structural homology to a one‐of‐a‐kind domain found in the metabolic protein resistin, which is responsible for many of the same inflammatory outcomes as PCSK9. Closing this gap in knowledge of PCSK9`s role in atherosclerotic oxidation and inflammation will provide fundamental information for understanding, preventing, and treating cardiovascular disease. |
Author | Garelnabi, Mahdi Punch, Emily Klein, Justus Diaba-Nuhoho, Patrick Morawietz, Henning |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell MA 3 Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences University of Massachusetts Lowell MA 2 Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation Department of Medicine III University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Germany |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences University of Massachusetts Lowell MA – name: 1 Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell MA – name: 2 Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation Department of Medicine III University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Germany |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Emily surname: Punch fullname: Punch, Emily organization: Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell MA – sequence: 2 givenname: Justus surname: Klein fullname: Klein, Justus organization: Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation Department of Medicine III University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav CarusTechnische Universität Dresden Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Patrick orcidid: 0000-0002-8672-6640 surname: Diaba-Nuhoho fullname: Diaba-Nuhoho, Patrick organization: Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation Department of Medicine III University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav CarusTechnische Universität Dresden Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: Henning orcidid: 0000-0001-9360-9736 surname: Morawietz fullname: Morawietz, Henning organization: Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation Department of Medicine III University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav CarusTechnische Universität Dresden Germany – sequence: 5 givenname: Mahdi surname: Garelnabi fullname: Garelnabi, Mahdi organization: Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences University of Massachusetts Lowell MA |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35048716$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
BookMark | eNpVkUtv1DAUhS1URB90zQ5lyaIz9fvBAikaFTpQqUjM3nLs62mqxC5xpoJ_T9IZqtYL-177-PjI3yk6SjkBQh8IXhIiyeX3-rpeEkqWmDJG9Rt0QjFXC2M0PnpRH6PzUu7xNCRVTJh36JgJzLUi8gRtrmIEP5Yqx-rn6tcPU23csIWxTdvPVd118Ni6ualu_7RhqnK6qNYpdq7vD51LoarHOxhy8d08t-U9ehtdV-D8sJ6hzderzep6cXP7bb2qbxaeCzMuuDIN49JxJ7xUWoYoAuNeSk8bbVgESbBkQXCsiGk0ASWxNIRL0QgPhJ2h9d42ZHdvH4a2d8Nfm11rnzbysLVuGNsplaUaPOBGcmCeE6AmCiWD1AGiAq7E5PVl7_Wwa3oIHtI4uO6V6euT1N7ZbX60hjLN9Rzm08FgyL93UEbbt8VD17kEeVcslZRIYRRWk_RyL_XTb5UB4vMzBNuZrJ3J2oms3ZOdbnx8me5Z_58j-wevLp91 |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms242216099 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lfs_2024_122823 crossref_primary_10_1097_HCO_0000000000000972 crossref_primary_10_3390_antiox12030578 crossref_primary_10_3390_biom13091384 crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm11133625 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jstrokecerebrovasdis_2023_107517 crossref_primary_10_3390_biology12030347 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2023_1191303 crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics15020323 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2023_1216267 crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics15041268 crossref_primary_10_1055_a_1860_2610 crossref_primary_10_1111_eci_13983 crossref_primary_10_1002_jbt_23346 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00424_023_02824_w crossref_primary_10_1111_ene_15723 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2024_e32073 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13075_023_03122_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10741_024_10409_7 crossref_primary_10_1002_cbin_12018 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms232113065 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms24032319 crossref_primary_10_1159_000538551 crossref_primary_10_3390_genes13101818 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bcp_2024_116314 crossref_primary_10_1055_a_1984_0255 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jdiacomp_2023_108593 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_molpharmaceut_4c00344 crossref_primary_10_1186_s43088_024_00515_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_atherosclerosis_2024_117504 crossref_primary_10_4244_EIJ_D_23_00606 |
Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.01.013 10.1089/ars.2008.2403 10.1093/ofid/ofx227 10.1093/cvr/cvy144 10.1111/joim.12758 10.1056/NEJMoa021993 10.1080/13813455.2020.1788605 10.1093/cvr/cvz003 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.07.023 10.1073/pnas.0403249101 10.1093/cvr/cvx252 10.1038/nm.3866 10.1161/01.CIR.91.9.2488 10.1161/01.ATV.0000210279.97308.9a 10.1002/jcb.24374 10.4049/jimmunol.174.9.5789 10.1194/jlr.M300203-JLR200 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvz022 10.1161/JAHA.115.001937 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.11.026 10.1038/ni.1836 10.1016/j.vph.2017.10.002 10.1161/JAHA.118.008953 10.1042/CS20090488 10.3389/fcvm.2021.639727 10.1194/jlr.R800087-JLR200 10.1161/01.ATV.0000035392.38687.65 10.1194/jlr.M051326 10.2337/diabetes.52.7.1611 10.1194/jlr.R800056-JLR200 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.081 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00238-0 10.1093/cvr/cvz313 10.1038/nm.2538 10.1016/S0021-9150(99)00105-7 10.1186/s12933-020-01009-4 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv564 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00899.x 10.21037/atm.2018.11.04 10.1186/s12916-015-0503-4 10.1093/cvr/cvw194 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.04.023 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.07.106 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.11.076 10.1161/hc4001.097056 10.1074/jbc.M708098200 10.1371/journal.pctr.0020017 10.1371/journal.pone.0055621 10.1038/35053000 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.11.004 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.078 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.202 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.057406 10.1073/pnas.84.9.2995 10.1056/NEJMoa1105803 10.1038/nsmb1235 10.1136/jmg.2006.038356 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000295 10.1189/jlb.1204697 10.1038/ng1161 10.3390/biomedicines9070793 10.1093/cvr/cvy301 10.1111/eci.13459 10.1161/JAHA.117.006910 10.1073/pnas.86.3.1046 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.005 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.09.010 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1072 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.103 10.1177/2047487318815320 10.1093/cvr/cvz322 10.1073/pnas.0703402104 10.1002/jcp.27254 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.07.035 10.1126/science.1093466 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.001 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02841-3 10.1097/SHK.0000000000000682 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.051 10.2337/diacare.27.10.2450 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz566 10.1210/jc.2012-4236 10.1161/JAHA.118.011581 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008782 10.2174/1871529X18666180201130340 10.1161/circ.105.10.1158 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.223875 10.1161/hc5001.100631 10.1073/pnas.0712064105 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.010 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01370.x 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_10 10.2174/138920309789630534 10.1002/jcp.22130 10.1161/JAHA.119.013803 10.3390/jcm10081758 10.1073/pnas.1534923100 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.07.015 10.14814/phy2.14721 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.06.025 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)31597-2 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.02.025 10.3109/07853890.2015.1042908 10.1161/cir.0000000000000350 10.1016/0005-2760(92)90297-9 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.10.050 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx260 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306361 10.1038/s41598-018-20425-x 10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.306172 10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.09.015 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.07.016 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.072 10.1074/jbc.M115.664706 10.1016/j.cca.2010.08.038 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.008 10.1016/j.str.2007.04.004 10.1172/JCI11837 10.1371/journal.pone.0123138 10.1016/j.jacl.2014.07.001 10.1161/JAHA.120.018897 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.11.064 10.1038/35025203 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | 2022 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley. |
Copyright_xml | – notice: 2022 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley. |
DBID | CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAYXX CITATION 7X8 5PM DOA |
DOI | 10.1161/JAHA.121.023328 |
DatabaseName | Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic |
DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE CrossRef |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Medicine |
DocumentTitleAlternate | Effects of PCSK9 Targeting |
EISSN | 2047-9980 |
EndPage | e023328 |
ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_28ece0b64e3c41e29f576d68def7e475 10_1161_JAHA_121_023328 35048716 |
Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article Review |
GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: ; – fundername: German Federal and State Governments – fundername: ; grantid: 2010_A105 – fundername: ; grantid: MO 1695/4‐1; 5‐1 |
GroupedDBID | 0R~ 1OC 24P 53G 5VS 8-1 AAZKR ACGFO ACXQS ADBBV ADKYN ADRAZ ADZMN AEGXH AENEX AIAGR ALAGY ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS AVUZU BAWUL BCNDV CGR CUY CVF DIK EBS ECM EIF EJD EMOBN GODZA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 H13 HYE KQ8 M48 M~E NPM OK1 RAH RHF RNS RPM WIN AAYXX CITATION 7X8 5PM |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c459t-479b346a4a5c6786df5d34c66c2b893fe61063d540719b81e760691465b5ce13 |
IEDL.DBID | RPM |
ISSN | 2047-9980 |
IngestDate | Thu Jul 04 21:05:40 EDT 2024 Tue Sep 17 21:18:18 EDT 2024 Fri Jun 28 14:35:17 EDT 2024 Fri Aug 23 01:16:17 EDT 2024 Thu May 23 23:35:46 EDT 2024 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 3 |
Keywords | atherosclerosis oxidation PCSK9 resistin inflammation |
Language | English |
License | This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c459t-479b346a4a5c6786df5d34c66c2b893fe61063d540719b81e760691465b5ce13 |
Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 For Sources of Funding and Disclosures, see page 12. |
ORCID | 0000-0001-9360-9736 0000-0002-8672-6640 |
OpenAccessLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9238481/ |
PMID | 35048716 |
PQID | 2621659707 |
PQPubID | 23479 |
ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_28ece0b64e3c41e29f576d68def7e475 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9238481 proquest_miscellaneous_2621659707 crossref_primary_10_1161_JAHA_121_023328 pubmed_primary_35048716 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2022-02-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2022-02-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 02 year: 2022 text: 2022-02-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationPlace | England |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: England – name: Hoboken |
PublicationTitle | Journal of the American Heart Association |
PublicationTitleAlternate | J Am Heart Assoc |
PublicationYear | 2022 |
Publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc Wiley |
Publisher_xml | – name: John Wiley and Sons Inc – name: Wiley |
References | O'Neill KM (e_1_3_1_40_2) 2020; 116 e_1_3_1_118_2 e_1_3_1_81_2 e_1_3_1_114_2 e_1_3_1_110_2 e_1_3_1_43_2 e_1_3_1_66_2 e_1_3_1_89_2 e_1_3_1_24_2 e_1_3_1_62_2 e_1_3_1_85_2 e_1_3_1_20_2 e_1_3_1_6_2 e_1_3_1_47_2 e_1_3_1_2_2 e_1_3_1_28_2 e_1_3_1_106_2 e_1_3_1_70_2 e_1_3_1_93_2 e_1_3_1_102_2 e_1_3_1_125_2 e_1_3_1_121_2 e_1_3_1_32_2 e_1_3_1_55_2 e_1_3_1_78_2 e_1_3_1_13_2 e_1_3_1_51_2 e_1_3_1_74_2 e_1_3_1_97_2 e_1_3_1_17_2 e_1_3_1_36_2 e_1_3_1_59_2 e_1_3_1_119_2 e_1_3_1_115_2 e_1_3_1_80_2 e_1_3_1_111_2 e_1_3_1_65_2 e_1_3_1_23_2 e_1_3_1_46_2 e_1_3_1_88_2 e_1_3_1_7_2 e_1_3_1_61_2 e_1_3_1_42_2 e_1_3_1_84_2 e_1_3_1_3_2 e_1_3_1_69_2 e_1_3_1_27_2 Delano W (e_1_3_1_107_2) 2004; 228 e_1_3_1_103_2 e_1_3_1_126_2 e_1_3_1_92_2 e_1_3_1_122_2 Tavafi M (e_1_3_1_31_2) 2013; 2 e_1_3_1_54_2 e_1_3_1_35_2 e_1_3_1_77_2 e_1_3_1_12_2 e_1_3_1_50_2 e_1_3_1_96_2 e_1_3_1_73_2 e_1_3_1_16_2 e_1_3_1_58_2 e_1_3_1_39_2 e_1_3_1_116_2 e_1_3_1_60_2 e_1_3_1_112_2 e_1_3_1_22_2 e_1_3_1_45_2 e_1_3_1_68_2 e_1_3_1_87_2 e_1_3_1_8_2 e_1_3_1_41_2 e_1_3_1_64_2 e_1_3_1_83_2 e_1_3_1_4_2 e_1_3_1_26_2 e_1_3_1_49_2 e_1_3_1_108_2 e_1_3_1_127_2 e_1_3_1_91_2 e_1_3_1_104_2 e_1_3_1_123_2 e_1_3_1_100_2 e_1_3_1_34_2 e_1_3_1_57_2 e_1_3_1_76_2 e_1_3_1_99_2 e_1_3_1_11_2 e_1_3_1_30_2 e_1_3_1_53_2 e_1_3_1_72_2 e_1_3_1_95_2 e_1_3_1_15_2 e_1_3_1_19_2 e_1_3_1_38_2 e_1_3_1_117_2 e_1_3_1_82_2 e_1_3_1_113_2 e_1_3_1_21_2 e_1_3_1_44_2 e_1_3_1_67_2 e_1_3_1_86_2 e_1_3_1_9_2 e_1_3_1_63_2 e_1_3_1_29_2 e_1_3_1_5_2 e_1_3_1_25_2 e_1_3_1_48_2 e_1_3_1_109_2 e_1_3_1_71_2 e_1_3_1_105_2 e_1_3_1_124_2 e_1_3_1_90_2 e_1_3_1_101_2 e_1_3_1_120_2 e_1_3_1_33_2 e_1_3_1_79_2 e_1_3_1_56_2 e_1_3_1_98_2 e_1_3_1_75_2 e_1_3_1_10_2 e_1_3_1_52_2 e_1_3_1_94_2 e_1_3_1_14_2 e_1_3_1_37_2 e_1_3_1_18_2 |
References_xml | – ident: e_1_3_1_23_2 doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.01.013 – volume: 2 start-page: 59 year: 2013 ident: e_1_3_1_31_2 article-title: Complexity of diabetic nephropathy pathogenesis and design of investigations publication-title: J Renal Inj Prev contributor: fullname: Tavafi M – ident: e_1_3_1_36_2 doi: 10.1089/ars.2008.2403 – ident: e_1_3_1_80_2 doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofx227 – ident: e_1_3_1_67_2 doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvy144 – ident: e_1_3_1_15_2 doi: 10.1111/joim.12758 – ident: e_1_3_1_84_2 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa021993 – ident: e_1_3_1_58_2 doi: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1788605 – ident: e_1_3_1_69_2 doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvz003 – ident: e_1_3_1_11_2 doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.07.023 – ident: e_1_3_1_17_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0403249101 – ident: e_1_3_1_39_2 doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvx252 – ident: e_1_3_1_43_2 doi: 10.1038/nm.3866 – ident: e_1_3_1_44_2 doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.91.9.2488 – ident: e_1_3_1_49_2 doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000210279.97308.9a – ident: e_1_3_1_127_2 doi: 10.1002/jcb.24374 – ident: e_1_3_1_120_2 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.9.5789 – ident: e_1_3_1_62_2 doi: 10.1194/jlr.M300203-JLR200 – ident: e_1_3_1_105_2 doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvz022 – ident: e_1_3_1_9_2 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.001937 – ident: e_1_3_1_74_2 doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.11.026 – ident: e_1_3_1_106_2 doi: 10.1038/ni.1836 – ident: e_1_3_1_33_2 doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.10.002 – ident: e_1_3_1_7_2 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.008953 – ident: e_1_3_1_41_2 doi: 10.1042/CS20090488 – ident: e_1_3_1_92_2 doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.639727 – ident: e_1_3_1_45_2 doi: 10.1194/jlr.R800087-JLR200 – ident: e_1_3_1_29_2 doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000035392.38687.65 – ident: e_1_3_1_87_2 doi: 10.1194/jlr.M051326 – ident: e_1_3_1_112_2 doi: 10.2337/diabetes.52.7.1611 – ident: e_1_3_1_103_2 doi: 10.1194/jlr.R800056-JLR200 – ident: e_1_3_1_4_2 doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.081 – ident: e_1_3_1_48_2 doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00238-0 – ident: e_1_3_1_16_2 doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvz313 – volume: 116 start-page: 393 year: 2020 ident: e_1_3_1_40_2 article-title: Nox4 is a major regulator of cord blood‐derived endothelial colony‐forming cells which promotes post‐ischaemic revascularization publication-title: Cardiovasc Res contributor: fullname: O'Neill KM – ident: e_1_3_1_102_2 doi: 10.1038/nm.2538 – ident: e_1_3_1_83_2 doi: 10.1016/S0021-9150(99)00105-7 – ident: e_1_3_1_93_2 doi: 10.1186/s12933-020-01009-4 – ident: e_1_3_1_38_2 doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv564 – ident: e_1_3_1_21_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00899.x – ident: e_1_3_1_26_2 doi: 10.21037/atm.2018.11.04 – ident: e_1_3_1_64_2 doi: 10.1186/s12916-015-0503-4 – ident: e_1_3_1_66_2 doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvw194 – volume: 228 start-page: U228 year: 2004 ident: e_1_3_1_107_2 article-title: Use of PyMOL as a communications tool for molecular science publication-title: Abstr Paper Am Chem Soc contributor: fullname: Delano W – ident: e_1_3_1_14_2 doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.04.023 – ident: e_1_3_1_73_2 doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.07.106 – ident: e_1_3_1_75_2 doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.11.076 – ident: e_1_3_1_27_2 doi: 10.1161/hc4001.097056 – ident: e_1_3_1_72_2 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M708098200 – ident: e_1_3_1_113_2 doi: 10.1371/journal.pctr.0020017 – ident: e_1_3_1_111_2 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055621 – ident: e_1_3_1_114_2 doi: 10.1038/35053000 – ident: e_1_3_1_119_2 doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.11.004 – ident: e_1_3_1_96_2 doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.078 – ident: e_1_3_1_121_2 doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.202 – ident: e_1_3_1_76_2 doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.057406 – ident: e_1_3_1_30_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.9.2995 – ident: e_1_3_1_63_2 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1105803 – ident: e_1_3_1_18_2 doi: 10.1038/nsmb1235 – ident: e_1_3_1_60_2 doi: 10.1136/jmg.2006.038356 – ident: e_1_3_1_71_2 doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000295 – ident: e_1_3_1_53_2 doi: 10.1189/jlb.1204697 – ident: e_1_3_1_59_2 doi: 10.1038/ng1161 – ident: e_1_3_1_89_2 doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9070793 – ident: e_1_3_1_68_2 doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvy301 – ident: e_1_3_1_91_2 doi: 10.1111/eci.13459 – ident: e_1_3_1_8_2 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.006910 – ident: e_1_3_1_51_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.3.1046 – ident: e_1_3_1_82_2 doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.005 – ident: e_1_3_1_104_2 doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.09.010 – ident: e_1_3_1_85_2 doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1072 – ident: e_1_3_1_94_2 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.103 – ident: e_1_3_1_124_2 doi: 10.1177/2047487318815320 – ident: e_1_3_1_37_2 doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvz322 – ident: e_1_3_1_19_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0703402104 – ident: e_1_3_1_90_2 doi: 10.1002/jcp.27254 – ident: e_1_3_1_117_2 doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.07.035 – ident: e_1_3_1_109_2 doi: 10.1126/science.1093466 – ident: e_1_3_1_79_2 doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.001 – ident: e_1_3_1_116_2 doi: 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02841-3 – ident: e_1_3_1_25_2 doi: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000000682 – ident: e_1_3_1_118_2 doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.051 – ident: e_1_3_1_125_2 doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.10.2450 – ident: e_1_3_1_22_2 doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz566 – ident: e_1_3_1_77_2 doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-4236 – ident: e_1_3_1_6_2 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.011581 – ident: e_1_3_1_24_2 doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008782 – ident: e_1_3_1_70_2 doi: 10.2174/1871529X18666180201130340 – ident: e_1_3_1_100_2 doi: 10.1161/circ.105.10.1158 – ident: e_1_3_1_35_2 doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.223875 – ident: e_1_3_1_101_2 doi: 10.1161/hc5001.100631 – ident: e_1_3_1_65_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0712064105 – ident: e_1_3_1_13_2 doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.010 – ident: e_1_3_1_46_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01370.x – ident: e_1_3_1_54_2 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_10 – ident: e_1_3_1_110_2 doi: 10.2174/138920309789630534 – ident: e_1_3_1_12_2 doi: 10.1002/jcp.22130 – ident: e_1_3_1_34_2 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.013803 – ident: e_1_3_1_98_2 doi: 10.3390/jcm10081758 – ident: e_1_3_1_61_2 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1534923100 – ident: e_1_3_1_10_2 doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.07.015 – ident: e_1_3_1_97_2 doi: 10.14814/phy2.14721 – ident: e_1_3_1_56_2 doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.06.025 – ident: e_1_3_1_50_2 doi: 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)31597-2 – ident: e_1_3_1_32_2 doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.02.025 – ident: e_1_3_1_78_2 doi: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1042908 – ident: e_1_3_1_2_2 doi: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000350 – ident: e_1_3_1_52_2 doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(92)90297-9 – ident: e_1_3_1_108_2 doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.10.050 – ident: e_1_3_1_88_2 doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx260 – ident: e_1_3_1_42_2 doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306361 – ident: e_1_3_1_86_2 doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20425-x – ident: e_1_3_1_95_2 doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.306172 – ident: e_1_3_1_115_2 doi: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.09.015 – ident: e_1_3_1_122_2 doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.07.016 – ident: e_1_3_1_55_2 doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.072 – ident: e_1_3_1_123_2 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.664706 – ident: e_1_3_1_47_2 doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.08.038 – ident: e_1_3_1_28_2 doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.008 – ident: e_1_3_1_20_2 doi: 10.1016/j.str.2007.04.004 – ident: e_1_3_1_99_2 doi: 10.1172/JCI11837 – ident: e_1_3_1_57_2 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123138 – ident: e_1_3_1_81_2 doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2014.07.001 – ident: e_1_3_1_5_2 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.018897 – ident: e_1_3_1_126_2 doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.11.064 – ident: e_1_3_1_3_2 doi: 10.1038/35025203 |
SSID | ssj0000627359 |
Score | 2.4812977 |
SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
Snippet | Characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease of the large arteries, atherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, the leading contributor... |
SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest crossref pubmed |
SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database |
StartPage | e023328 |
SubjectTerms | atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis - metabolism Cardiovascular Diseases Contemporary Review Humans inflammation Inflammation - pathology oxidation PCSK9 Plaque, Atherosclerotic Proprotein Convertase 9 - metabolism resistin |
SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3PSxwxFA7iQbyUaqsdf5FCDz247M7kx8x4W0VZLbYFV9hbyCQvdKGdFXcF_3zfS0bZFaEXLwOZGUh4L-R9X_LyPca-iYBhUtui5-mGjASkO02lXA_Xywq8c8HFKhHXP_XoVl5N1GSp1BflhCV54GS4flGBg0GjJQgncyjqgAjZ68pDKEGWSb00V0tkKq3BGJZV3Wn5IKrpXw1HtPFHCp1CUO31pTAU1frfgpivMyWXQs_FR_ahw4x8mMa6xdag3WYb192p-Cc2ThLEcz4L_PfZzY-aj2N-N0alEz78SxfILTX4r8dpKqF0zC_bgHPhX9eyredDgoKzOfaAz-n8MxtfnI_PRr2uWkLPSVUvaIusEVJbaZXDCKR9UF5Ip7UrGgQlARAoaeGj4F7dVDmUyF1qXChVoxzkYoett7MWvjAOA6uAmAkJ69RVsNbXkRrqAMpVRca-P9vO3CVNDBO5hM4NmdmgmU0yc8ZOybYvv5GYdXyBLjadi83_XJyxr8-eMTj56UTDtjB7mJtCF7lGSjQoM7abPPXSlVC4OCEbzFi54sOVsax-aad_osA2gl6qMrD3HoPfZ5sF3ZiIid4HbH1x_wCHiGMWzVGcsk_Vne9V priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: Scholars Portal Open Access Journals dbid: M48 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1ba9RAFB60gvgi3pu2ygg--ODqZm5JhCJrsayVVcEt9G2YzJzRhZq0my3Uf-85k7S6sg--BCYJuZw5t28u32HshYwYJo0To0A7ZBQg3KlL7UfoL0sI3kefqkTMPpvpsTo60Sd_ygENAuw2QjuqJ3W8PH19ef7rHRr8fjJ4k785mkxpTI_IN6UU5U12SyipSN1nQ67fu2WM1Kl4miB2AoQZ44HqZ8Mz1qJUIvPflIH-u5Dyr8h0eI_dHVJKPul14D67Ac0Ddns2TJo_ZPOeobjjbeRfD759qvg8Lf_GoPWWT05pf7mjBv9yuegrLL3iH5uIqvJzaLkm8Allim2Hb8DjonvE5ocf5gfT0VBMYeSVrlY0glajUJxy2mOAMiHqIJU3xosac5YImEcZGRIfX1WXORQIbSr0o7rWHnL5mG01bQPbjMPYaSDgQrw7VRmdC1VCjiaC9qXI2Msr2dmznjLDJqhhcktitihm24s5Y-9Jtte3Edd1OtEuv9vBdKwowcO4NgqkVzmIKiJGCqYMEAtQhc7Y86uesWgbNOHhGmgvOiuMyA0ipnGRsSd9T12_Smr0XQgWM1as9eHat6xfaRY_Ev825sRUhGDn__9zl90RtG0irfbeY1ur5QU8xWRmVT9LSvobGCPtpg priority: 102 providerName: Scholars Portal |
Title | Effects of PCSK9 Targeting: Alleviating Oxidation, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis |
URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35048716 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2621659707 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9238481 https://doaj.org/article/28ece0b64e3c41e29f576d68def7e475 |
Volume | 11 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1La9wwEB6SHEovpe-6j6BCDz10s2u9bPe2XRq2KdsGuoXchCyN0oWsHbIb6M_vSLbDbumpF4H8wGJmrJlPGn0D8E4EcpPa8pGPJ2QkEtypS-VGNF-W6J0LLlWJWHzT85_y7EJdHIAazsKkpH1Xr06aq_VJs_qVciuv12485ImNzxczCkoiC_z4EA4LIXYgejf9kkdWVU_jQwHN-Gw6j2t-kZxTCB4r9AlFhlvEGuc7zihx9v8r0Pw7X3LHAZ0-hAd95Mim3QgfwQE2j-Heot8bfwLLjoh4w9rAzmc_vlZsmbK8yTd9ZNOreIzcxg77_nvVFVL6wL40gSxi3fds49k0BoTthr5A7WrzFJann5ez-aivmTByUlXbuFBWC6mttMqRH9I-KC-k09rxmkKTgBQuaeET7V5VlzkWhGAqmi5VrRzm4hkcNW2DL4DhxCqM-CTS61RlsNZXCSDqgMqVPIP3g-zMdceMYRKi0LmJEjckcdNJPINPUbZ3j0VK63Shvbk0vWINL9HhpNYShZM58ioQFPK69BgKlIXK4O2gGUO_QNzXsA22txvDNc81AaNJkcHzTlN3nxo0nUGxp8O9sezfIatLNNu9lb387zdfwX0eD0ukHO_XcLS9ucU3FMJs6-ME_aldyPI4me8f13fw_w |
link.rule.ids | 230,315,733,786,790,870,891,2115,24346,27957,27958,53827,53829 |
linkProvider | National Library of Medicine |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwEB6VIgEX3oXQAkHiwIF9xLGdhNt2RbV9bKlEQL1ZsTOGFd2k6u5KiF_fsZNUuxUXuERynMhOZuyZzx5_A_A-tmQmZcF6pTshw5Hgjk6F6dF8mWJpjDU-S8T0VE6-8aNzcb4FojsL44P2jZ71q4t5v5r99LGVl3Mz6OLEBmfTMTkljgV-cAfu0nhlyRpIbyZgsskia4l8yKUZHI0mbtXP0XPGMXM5-mJBqpu4LOdr5siz9v_N1bwdMblmgg4ewfeu803kya_-aqn75s8tXsd__rrH8LB1SsNRU_0EtrB6Cvem7bb7M8gbjuNFWNvwbPz1OAtzH0BOZu9TOLpwJ9QLVwi__J41OZo-hoeVJWWbt6WiKsOR8zXrBbVA19niOeQHn_PxpNemY-gZLrKlW4PTMZcFL4QhEydLK8qYGykN0-T1WCRPTMalZ_TLdBphQuAoo5lYaGEwindgu6orfAkhDguBDvo45p4stUVRZh57SovCpCyAD51Q1GVDuqE8WJGRcqJUJErViDKAfSe0m8ccW7a_UV_9UO1fVSxFg0MtOcaGR8gySyirlGmJNkGeiADedSJXNLrclklRYb1aKCZZJAlzDZMAXjQqcNNUp0IBJBvKsdGXzRoSuWfwbkX86r_ffAv3J_n0RJ0cnh7vwgPmzmT4UPI92F5erfA1eUpL_caPi2u9lRE6 |
linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lj9MwEB7BIq248H6Ep5E4cKBN49hOzK0Uqu4uXSpRpBUXK_EDKrZJtW0lxK9n7CSrdsVpL5GcOHKcGXvms8ffALxNHZpJUdCe8SdkmEW4U-Zc93C-zK3R2umQJWJ6Kibf2fEZP9tJ9RWC9nW56Ffny361-BViK1dLHXdxYvFsOkKnxLPAxyvj4ptwC8cslTtAvZmE0S5z2ZL5oFsTHw8nfuXPU3SmKfV5-lKO6pv5TOc7Jikw9__P3bwaNbljhsZ34UfXgSb65Hd_uyn7-u8Vbsdr9fAe3GmdUzJsqtyHG7Z6AIfTdvv9IcwbruM1qR2Zjb6dSDIPgeRo_j6Q4bk_qV74Avn6Z9HkanpPjiqHSrdsS0VlyND7nPUaW8DrYv0I5uPP89Gk16Zl6GnG5cavxZUpEwUruEZTJ4zjJmVaCE1L9H6cRY9MpCYw-8kyT2yGIEnijMxLrm2SPoaDqq7sUyB2UHDrIZBn8JG5KwojAwYVznKd0wjedYJRq4Z8QwXQIhLlxalQnKoRZwQfveAuq3nW7HCjvvip2j-raG61HZSC2VSzxFLpEG0ZkRvrMssyHsGbTuwKR5nfOikqW2_XigqaCMRegyyCJ40aXDbVqVEE2Z6C7H3L_hMUe2DybsX87NpvvobD2aex-nJ0evIcblN_NCNElL-Ag83F1r5Eh2lTvgpD4x9eoBO6 |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effects+of+PCSK9+Targeting%3A+Alleviating+Oxidation%2C+Inflammation%2C+and+Atherosclerosis&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Heart+Association&rft.au=Punch%2C+Emily&rft.au=Klein%2C+Justus&rft.au=Diaba%E2%80%90Nuhoho%2C+Patrick&rft.au=Morawietz%2C+Henning&rft.date=2022-02-01&rft.issn=2047-9980&rft.eissn=2047-9980&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft_id=info:doi/10.1161%2FJAHA.121.023328&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1161_JAHA_121_023328 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2047-9980&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2047-9980&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2047-9980&client=summon |