Present knowledge and perspectives on the role of copper in brake materials and related environmental issues: A critical assessment

This critical review presents several aspects related to the use of copper as a main component in brake pads in road vehicles. The compositions of these materials are attracting increasing interest and concern due to the relative contribution of wear products to particulate matter emissions in the e...

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Published inEnvironmental pollution (1987) Vol. 207; pp. 211 - 219
Main Authors Straffelini, Giovanni, Ciudin, Rodica, Ciotti, Alessandro, Gialanella, Stefano
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2015
Subjects
Atmospheric pollution
Brake pad
Copper - toxicity
Copper-free brakes
Humans
Motor Vehicles
Particulate matter
Particulate Matter - toxicity
Vehicle Emissions
Wear debris characterization
Atmospheric pollution
Copper-free brakes
Brake pad
Particulate matter
Wear debris characterization
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Abstract This critical review presents several aspects related to the use of copper as a main component in brake pads in road vehicles. The compositions of these materials are attracting increasing interest and concern due to the relative contribution of wear products to particulate matter emissions in the environment as a result of braking action even though there has been a reduction in exhaust products from internal combustion engines. We review the data on the main wear mechanisms in brake systems and highlight the positive role of copper. However, similar to other heavy metal emissions, even the release of copper into the atmosphere may have important environmental and health effects. Thus, several replacement strategies are being pursued, and the positive and negative features will be critically reviewed. Additionally, the future perspectives in materials development will be discussed. [Display omitted] •Copper in brake pad materials: role and concerns.•Environmental and health impact of copper.•Copper replacement in frictional brake materials.•International legislation and standards on the above issues. Importance of copper in brake pad materials and concern as regards environmental and health impact of its emission as brake wear product.
AbstractList This critical review presents several aspects related to the use of copper as a main component in brake pads in road vehicles. The compositions of these materials are attracting increasing interest and concern due to the relative contribution of wear products to particulate matter emissions in the environment as a result of braking action even though there has been a reduction in exhaust products from internal combustion engines. We review the data on the main wear mechanisms in brake systems and highlight the positive role of copper. However, similar to other heavy metal emissions, even the release of copper into the atmosphere may have important environmental and health effects. Thus, several replacement strategies are being pursued, and the positive and negative features will be critically reviewed. Additionally, the future perspectives in materials development will be discussed. [Display omitted] •Copper in brake pad materials: role and concerns.•Environmental and health impact of copper.•Copper replacement in frictional brake materials.•International legislation and standards on the above issues. Importance of copper in brake pad materials and concern as regards environmental and health impact of its emission as brake wear product.
This critical review presents several aspects related to the use of copper as a main component in brake pads in road vehicles. The compositions of these materials are attracting increasing interest and concern due to the relative contribution of wear products to particulate matter emissions in the environment as a result of braking action even though there has been a reduction in exhaust products from internal combustion engines. We review the data on the main wear mechanisms in brake systems and highlight the positive role of copper. However, similar to other heavy metal emissions, even the release of copper into the atmosphere may have important environmental and health effects. Thus, several replacement strategies are being pursued, and the positive and negative features will be critically reviewed. Additionally, the future perspectives in materials development will be discussed.
Author Gialanella, Stefano
Ciudin, Rodica
Straffelini, Giovanni
Ciotti, Alessandro
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Giovanni
  surname: Straffelini
  fullname: Straffelini, Giovanni
  organization: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38122 Trento, Italy
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Rodica
  surname: Ciudin
  fullname: Ciudin, Rodica
  organization: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38122 Trento, Italy
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Alessandro
  surname: Ciotti
  fullname: Ciotti, Alessandro
  organization: Brembo S.p.A., Via Europa, 2, 24040 Stezzano (Bg), Italy
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Stefano
  surname: Gialanella
  fullname: Gialanella, Stefano
  email: stefano.gialanella@unitn.it
  organization: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38122 Trento, Italy
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26408966$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords Atmospheric pollution
Copper-free brakes
Brake pad
Particulate matter
Wear debris characterization
Language English
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Snippet This critical review presents several aspects related to the use of copper as a main component in brake pads in road vehicles. The compositions of these...
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SubjectTerms Atmospheric pollution
Brake pad
Copper - toxicity
Copper-free brakes
Humans
Motor Vehicles
Particulate matter
Particulate Matter - toxicity
Vehicle Emissions
Wear debris characterization
Title Present knowledge and perspectives on the role of copper in brake materials and related environmental issues: A critical assessment
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.024
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26408966
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