Television viewing and using screens while eating: Associations with dietary intake in children and adolescents
Screen time has been associated with overweight and obesity, as well as with poorer dietary quality. However, the reasons explaining these associations are not well understood. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were [1] to determine the extent of overall TV viewing as well as using screen...
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Published in | Appetite Vol. 168; p. 105670 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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England
Elsevier Ltd
01.01.2022
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Abstract | Screen time has been associated with overweight and obesity, as well as with poorer dietary quality. However, the reasons explaining these associations are not well understood. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were [1] to determine the extent of overall TV viewing as well as using screens while eating (e.g., watching TV or using a tablet), [2] to compare food and nutrient consumption of on-versus off-screen eating occasions, and [3] to determine whether TV viewing and using screens while eating is associated with overall dietary intake. Participants were from the Food Environment Chilean Cohort (n = 938, 4–6 y) and the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study (n = 752, 12–14 y). Dietary data was collected via one 24-h food recall. For each eating occasion, activity performed during consumption (e.g., watching TV, playing sports) was reported. Weekly TV viewing time was collected via an additional survey instrument. Analyses included multivariable linear and logistic regression. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons examined differences in outcomes by tertiles. Our sample reported a median of 9–13.5 weekly hours of TV viewing and 87.5% reported consuming at least one meal or snack per day while using screens. The median kilocalories contributed by eating during screen use was 387 kcal/d in children and 848 kcal/day in adolescents, which represents 34.7% and 42.3% of daily energy intake, respectively. There were no consistent differences when comparing eating occasions consumed on-screen versus off-screen. Higher weekly TV viewing was associated with elements of a less healthy diet including more sweets and desserts in children, and more sugar sweetened beverages in adolescents. A large percentage of Chilean children and adolescents’ daily energy is consumed while using screens. In depth, longitudinal work is needed to understand how screen time eating affects diet quality and nutritional status. |
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AbstractList | Screen time has been associated with overweight and obesity, as well as with poorer dietary quality. However, the reasons explaining these associations are not well understood. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were (1) to determine the extent of overall TV viewing as well as using screens while eating (e.g., watching TV or using a tablet), (2) to compare food and nutrient consumption of on- versus off-screen eating occasions, and (3) to determine whether TV viewing and using screens while eating is associated with overall dietary intake. Participants were from the Food Environment Chilean Cohort (n=938, 4–6 y) and the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study (n=752, 12–14 y). Dietary data was collected via one 24-h food recall. For each eating occasion, activity performed during consumption (e.g., watching TV, playing sports) was reported. Weekly TV viewing time was collected via an additional survey instrument. Analyses included multivariable linear and logistic regression. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons examined differences in outcomes by tertiles. Our sample reported a median of 9 to 13.5 weekly hours of TV viewing and 87.5% reported consuming at least one meal or snack per day while using screens. The median kilocalories contributed by eating during screen use was 387 kcal/d in children and 848 kcal/day in adolescents, which represents 34.7% and 42.3 % of daily energy intake, respectively. There were no consistent differences when comparing eating occasions consumed on-screen versus off-screen. Higher weekly TV viewing was associated with elements of a less healthy diet including more sweets and desserts in children, and more sugar sweetened beverages in adolescents. A large percentage of Chilean children and adolescents’ daily energy is consumed while using screens. In depth, longitudinal work is needed to understand how screen time eating affects diet quality and nutritional status. Screen time has been associated with overweight and obesity, as well as with poorer dietary quality. However, the reasons explaining these associations are not well understood. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were [1] to determine the extent of overall TV viewing as well as using screens while eating (e.g., watching TV or using a tablet), [2] to compare food and nutrient consumption of on-versus off-screen eating occasions, and [3] to determine whether TV viewing and using screens while eating is associated with overall dietary intake. Participants were from the Food Environment Chilean Cohort (n = 938, 4–6 y) and the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study (n = 752, 12–14 y). Dietary data was collected via one 24-h food recall. For each eating occasion, activity performed during consumption (e.g., watching TV, playing sports) was reported. Weekly TV viewing time was collected via an additional survey instrument. Analyses included multivariable linear and logistic regression. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons examined differences in outcomes by tertiles. Our sample reported a median of 9–13.5 weekly hours of TV viewing and 87.5% reported consuming at least one meal or snack per day while using screens. The median kilocalories contributed by eating during screen use was 387 kcal/d in children and 848 kcal/day in adolescents, which represents 34.7% and 42.3% of daily energy intake, respectively. There were no consistent differences when comparing eating occasions consumed on-screen versus off-screen. Higher weekly TV viewing was associated with elements of a less healthy diet including more sweets and desserts in children, and more sugar sweetened beverages in adolescents. A large percentage of Chilean children and adolescents’ daily energy is consumed while using screens. In depth, longitudinal work is needed to understand how screen time eating affects diet quality and nutritional status. Screen time has been associated with overweight and obesity, as well as with poorer dietary quality. However, the reasons explaining these associations are not well understood. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were [1] to determine the extent of overall TV viewing as well as using screens while eating (e.g., watching TV or using a tablet), [2] to compare food and nutrient consumption of on-versus off-screen eating occasions, and [3] to determine whether TV viewing and using screens while eating is associated with overall dietary intake. Participants were from the Food Environment Chilean Cohort (n = 938, 4-6 y) and the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study (n = 752, 12-14 y). Dietary data was collected via one 24-h food recall. For each eating occasion, activity performed during consumption (e.g., watching TV, playing sports) was reported. Weekly TV viewing time was collected via an additional survey instrument. Analyses included multivariable linear and logistic regression. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons examined differences in outcomes by tertiles. Our sample reported a median of 9-13.5 weekly hours of TV viewing and 87.5% reported consuming at least one meal or snack per day while using screens. The median kilocalories contributed by eating during screen use was 387 kcal/d in children and 848 kcal/day in adolescents, which represents 34.7% and 42.3% of daily energy intake, respectively. There were no consistent differences when comparing eating occasions consumed on-screen versus off-screen. Higher weekly TV viewing was associated with elements of a less healthy diet including more sweets and desserts in children, and more sugar sweetened beverages in adolescents. A large percentage of Chilean children and adolescents' daily energy is consumed while using screens. In depth, longitudinal work is needed to understand how screen time eating affects diet quality and nutritional status.Screen time has been associated with overweight and obesity, as well as with poorer dietary quality. However, the reasons explaining these associations are not well understood. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were [1] to determine the extent of overall TV viewing as well as using screens while eating (e.g., watching TV or using a tablet), [2] to compare food and nutrient consumption of on-versus off-screen eating occasions, and [3] to determine whether TV viewing and using screens while eating is associated with overall dietary intake. Participants were from the Food Environment Chilean Cohort (n = 938, 4-6 y) and the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study (n = 752, 12-14 y). Dietary data was collected via one 24-h food recall. For each eating occasion, activity performed during consumption (e.g., watching TV, playing sports) was reported. Weekly TV viewing time was collected via an additional survey instrument. Analyses included multivariable linear and logistic regression. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons examined differences in outcomes by tertiles. Our sample reported a median of 9-13.5 weekly hours of TV viewing and 87.5% reported consuming at least one meal or snack per day while using screens. The median kilocalories contributed by eating during screen use was 387 kcal/d in children and 848 kcal/day in adolescents, which represents 34.7% and 42.3% of daily energy intake, respectively. There were no consistent differences when comparing eating occasions consumed on-screen versus off-screen. Higher weekly TV viewing was associated with elements of a less healthy diet including more sweets and desserts in children, and more sugar sweetened beverages in adolescents. A large percentage of Chilean children and adolescents' daily energy is consumed while using screens. In depth, longitudinal work is needed to understand how screen time eating affects diet quality and nutritional status. |
ArticleNumber | 105670 |
Author | Evenson, Kelly R. Taillie, Lindsey Smith Dillman Carpentier, Francesca R Popkin, Barry M. Corvalán, Camila Adair, Linda Jensen, Melissa L. |
AuthorAffiliation | 5 Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Macul, Chile 3 School of Nutrition, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica 4 Hussman School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 1 Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 6 Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA 2 Global Food Research Program, Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 School of Nutrition, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica – name: 5 Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Macul, Chile – name: 6 Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA – name: 4 Hussman School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA – name: 2 Global Food Research Program, Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA – name: 1 Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Melissa L. orcidid: 0000-0002-9830-076X surname: Jensen fullname: Jensen, Melissa L. organization: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Francesca R orcidid: 0000-0001-5361-635X surname: Dillman Carpentier fullname: Dillman Carpentier, Francesca R organization: Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Camila surname: Corvalán fullname: Corvalán, Camila organization: Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Macul, Chile – sequence: 4 givenname: Barry M. surname: Popkin fullname: Popkin, Barry M. organization: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Kelly R. surname: Evenson fullname: Evenson, Kelly R. organization: Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Linda orcidid: 0000-0002-3670-8073 surname: Adair fullname: Adair, Linda organization: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Lindsey Smith surname: Taillie fullname: Taillie, Lindsey Smith email: taillie@unc.edu organization: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA |
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Keywords | Screen time Children Diet Adolescents Television viewing |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Authors’ contributions MLJ, FDC, CC, and LST designed the study; FDC, CC and LST acquired the data; MLJ analysed the data and drafted the manuscript with contributions from LST; all co-authors assisted in the interpretation of results, provided critical feedback to help revise, and approved the final manuscript. |
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SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adolescents Child Children Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Diet Eating Energy Intake Feeding Behavior Humans Screen time Snacks Television Television viewing |
Title | Television viewing and using screens while eating: Associations with dietary intake in children and adolescents |
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