Application of Carbonic Nanosheets Based on Urea Precursors as Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction Adsorbent for Extraction of Methamphetamine from Urine Samples

Purpose: This paper established the application of synthesized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (GCNNs) as an influential dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) adsorbent in extracting methamphetamine from complicated urine media coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. Methods: The...

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Published inAdvanced pharmaceutical bulletin Vol. 11; no. 4; pp. 624 - 631
Main Authors Taghvimi, Arezou, Dastmalchi, Siavoush, Javadzadeh, Yousef
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Tabriz Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 01.09.2021
Subjects
Adsorbents
Amphetamines
Antifungal agents
Carbon
Chromatography
dispersive solid phase extraction
graphitic carbon nitride
Laboratories
Mass spectrometry
Methamphetamine
Methods
Scanning electron microscopy
Scientific imaging
Solvents
Urine
Iran
Germany
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Abstract Purpose: This paper established the application of synthesized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (GCNNs) as an influential dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) adsorbent in extracting methamphetamine from complicated urine media coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. Methods: The graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (GCNNs) was synthesized easily and applied as adsorbent in the extraction process. The effective extraction parameters were investigated by one-parameter-at-a-time. Under optimized conditions the method was validated. Results: The calibration curve was plotted in the concentration range of 50-1500 ng/mL through the optimized conditions and the proposed method was validated. The method was used for the analysis of positive urine samples and showed satisfactory results with the average 99.7% relative recovery. Conclusion: The results persuade the capability of this novel method in analyzing of the positive urine samples in diverse clinical and forensic laboratories.
AbstractList Purpose: This paper established the application of synthesized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (GCNNs) as an influential dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) adsorbent in extracting methamphetamine from complicated urine media coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. Methods: The graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (GCNNs) was synthesized easily and applied as adsorbent in the extraction process. The effective extraction parameters were investigated by one-parameter-at-a-time. Under optimized conditions the method was validated. Results: The calibration curve was plotted in the concentration range of 50-1500 ng/mL through the optimized conditions and the proposed method was validated. The method was used for the analysis of positive urine samples and showed satisfactory results with the average 99.7% relative recovery. Conclusion: The results persuade the capability of this novel method in analyzing of the positive urine samples in diverse clinical and forensic laboratories.
Purpose: This paper established the application of synthesized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (GCNNs) as an influential dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) adsorbent in extracting methamphetamine from complicated urine media coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. Methods: The graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (GCNNs) was synthesized easily and applied as adsorbent in the extraction process. The effective extraction parameters were investigated by one-parameter-at-a-time. Under optimized conditions the method was validated. Results: The calibration curve was plotted in the concentration range of 50-1500 ng/mL through the optimized conditions and the proposed method was validated. The method was used for the analysis of positive urine samples and showed satisfactory results with the average 99.7% relative recovery. Conclusion: The results persuade the capability of this novel method in analyzing of the positive urine samples in diverse clinical and forensic laboratories.
A paper reported electro-enhanced single-drop microextraction (EE-SDME) coupled with gas chromatography for amphetamine and methamphetamine extraction from urine media.10 In another work, 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as an ionic liquid, along with methanol was used as microextraction solvent in ionic liquid-based DLLME (IL-DLLME) combined with high performance liquid chromatography ultra violet detector method for effective extraction of MET from urine.11 Moreover, head space developed solid phase micro extraction (SPME) gas chromatography mass spectrometry method was applied for amphetamines extraction from urine while the PDMS fiber was derivatized by exposing the fiber to trifluoroacetic anhydride after the extraction. The derivatized analytes were desorbed in gas chromatography.12 Graphene oxide Fe3O4 nanocomposite was used as magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbent in simultaneous extraction of amphetamines from urine coupled with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS).13-15 Zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF-8) was applied as DSPE adsorbent in extraction of methamphetamine from urine. The presence of nanostructure adsorbents in the DSPE method dramatically increases the analyte and the adsorbent interaction, leading to high extraction efficiencies.10,11 Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (GCNNs) are a novel class of carbon-based materials with unique properties.16 GCNNs present an extended delocalized n electron system, persuading a well n-interaction towards compounds with aromatic benzene ring in their structure. Two sides of the polyaromatic scaffold of the planar sheets are accessible for adsorption of the analyte from the media.17 GCNNs are commonly synthesized by facial and cost-effective pyrolysis of precursors containing carbon and nitrogen, such as melamine, thiourea, urea, cyanamide, and dicyandiamide without applying organic solvents.18 The remarkable structural properties of the GCNNs encourage its application in different fields, including hydrogen storage, electrogenerated chemiluminescence, photocatalysis, lithiumion battery.19-23 Beside mentioned analytical applications of GCNNs, this material is a great candidate as adsorbent in different sample preparation methods such as SPE and MSPE.23,24 In this study, GCNNs are synthesized by simple pyrolysis of urea, and after full characterization, it is employed in the DSPE process of methamphetamine extraction from urine media.
Author Taghvimi, Arezou
Javadzadeh, Yousef
Dastmalchi, Siavoush
AuthorAffiliation 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
4 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
1 Biotechnology Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
3 Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, POBOX:99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
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2021 The Authors. 2021
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Snippet Purpose: This paper established the application of synthesized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (GCNNs) as an influential dispersive solid phase extraction...
A paper reported electro-enhanced single-drop microextraction (EE-SDME) coupled with gas chromatography for amphetamine and methamphetamine extraction from...
Purpose: This paper established the application of synthesized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (GCNNs) as an influential dispersive solid phase extraction...
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SubjectTerms Adsorbents
Amphetamines
Antifungal agents
Carbon
Chromatography
dispersive solid phase extraction
graphitic carbon nitride
Laboratories
Mass spectrometry
Methamphetamine
Methods
Scanning electron microscopy
Scientific imaging
Solvents
Urine
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Title Application of Carbonic Nanosheets Based on Urea Precursors as Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction Adsorbent for Extraction of Methamphetamine from Urine Samples
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