Rise of Turfs A New Battlefront for Globally Declining Kelp Forests
Kelp forests are structurally complex habitats, which provide valuable services along 25% of the world’s coastlines. Globally, many kelp forests have disappeared and been replaced by turf algae over the last decade. Evidence that environmental conditions are becoming less favorable for kelps, combin...
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| Published in | Bioscience Vol. 68; no. 2; pp. 64 - 76 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
01.02.2018
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Kelp forests are structurally complex habitats, which provide valuable services along 25% of the world’s coastlines. Globally, many kelp forests have disappeared and been replaced by turf algae over the last decade. Evidence that environmental conditions are becoming less favorable for kelps, combined with a lack of observed recovery, raises concern that these changes represent persistent regime shifts. Here, we show that human activities mediate turf transitions through geographically disparate abiotic (warming and eutrophication) and biotic (herbivory and epiphytism) drivers of kelp loss. Evidence suggests kelp forests are pushed beyond tipping points where new, stabilizing feedback systems (sedimentation, competition, and Allee effects) reinforce turf dominance. Although these new locks on the degraded ecosystems are strong, a mechanistic understanding of feedback systems and interactions between global and local drivers of kelp loss will expose which processes are easier to control. This should provide management solutions to curb the pervasive trend of the flattening of kelp forests globally. |
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| AbstractList | Abstract
Kelp forests are structurally complex habitats, which provide valuable services along 25% of the world's coastlines. Globally, many kelp forests have disappeared and been replaced by turf algae over the last decade. Evidence that environmental conditions are becoming less favorable for kelps, combined with a lack of observed recovery, raises concern that these changes represent persistent regime shifts. Here, we show that human activities mediate turf transitions through geographically disparate abiotic (warming and eutrophication) and biotic (herbivory and epiphytism) drivers of kelp loss. Evidence suggests kelp forests are pushed beyond tipping points where new, stabilizing feedback systems (sedimentation, competition, and Allee effects) reinforce turf dominance. Although these new locks on the degraded ecosystems are strong, a mechanistic understanding of feedback systems and interactions between global and local drivers of kelp loss will expose which processes are easier to control. This should provide management solutions to curb the pervasive trend of the flattening of kelp forests globally. Kelp forests are structurally complex habitats, which provide valuable services along 25% of the world's coastlines. Globally, many kelp forests have disappeared and been replaced by turf algae over the last decade. Evidence that environmental conditions are becoming less favorable for kelps, combined with a lack of observed recovery, raises concern that these changes represent persistent regime shifts. Here, we show that human activities mediate turf transitions through geographically disparate abiotic (warming and eutrophication) and biotic (herbivory and epiphytism) drivers of kelp loss. Evidence suggests kelp forests are pushed beyond tipping points where new, stabilizing feedback systems (sedimentation, competition, and Allee effects) reinforce turf dominance. Although these new locks on the degraded ecosystems are strong, a mechanistic understanding of feedback systems and interactions between global and local drivers of kelp loss will expose which processes are easier to control. This should provide management solutions to curb the pervasive trend of the flattening of kelp forests globally. |
| Author | FILBEE-DEXTER, KAREN WERNBERG, THOMAS |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: KAREN surname: FILBEE-DEXTER fullname: FILBEE-DEXTER, KAREN – sequence: 2 givenname: THOMAS surname: WERNBERG fullname: WERNBERG, THOMAS |
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| Snippet | Kelp forests are structurally complex habitats, which provide valuable services along 25% of the world’s coastlines. Globally, many kelp forests have... Abstract Kelp forests are structurally complex habitats, which provide valuable services along 25% of the world's coastlines. Globally, many kelp forests have... Kelp forests are structurally complex habitats, which provide valuable services along 25% of the world's coastlines. Globally, many kelp forests have... |
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| SubjectTerms | Algae Allee effect coasts Ecosystem degradation ecosystems Environmental conditions environmental factors Eutrophication Feedback Forests habitats herbivores Herbivory lawns and turf Locks macroalgae Overview Articles Sedimentation Turf turf algae |
| Subtitle | A New Battlefront for Globally Declining Kelp Forests |
| Title | Rise of Turfs |
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