Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System and Immunomodulation: A State-of-the-Art Review

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has long been described in the field of cardiovascular physiology as the main player in blood pressure homeostasis. However, other effects have since been described, and include proliferation, fibrosis, and inflammation. To illustrate the immunomodulatory propertie...

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Published inCells (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 10; no. 7; p. 1767
Main Authors Laghlam, Driss, Jozwiak, Mathieu, Nguyen, Lee S.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 13.07.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Aldosterone
Angiogenesis
Angiotensin
Angiotensin II
Antihypertensives
Apoptosis
Blood pressure
Cell growth
Cell migration
Cell proliferation
Cell survival
Diabetes
Disease
Enzymes
Fibrosis
Glucose
Graft rejection
Homeostasis
Hypertension
Immunomodulation
Inflammation
Insulin resistance
Kidneys
Kinases
Liver
Lymphocytes
Metabolic disorders
Metabolic syndrome
Neutrophils
oncology
Oxidative stress
Peptides
Physiology
Proteins
Renin
renin–angiotensin system
Review
shock
Signal transduction
Transplantation
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Abstract The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has long been described in the field of cardiovascular physiology as the main player in blood pressure homeostasis. However, other effects have since been described, and include proliferation, fibrosis, and inflammation. To illustrate the immunomodulatory properties of the RAS, we chose three distinct fields in which RAS may play a critical role and be the subject of specific treatments. In oncology, RAS hyperactivation has been associated with tumor migration, survival, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis; preliminary data showed promise of the benefit of RAS blockers in patients treated for certain types of cancer. In intensive care medicine, vasoplegic shock has been associated with severe macro- and microcirculatory imbalance. A relative insufficiency in angiotensin II (AngII) was associated to lethal outcomes and synthetic AngII has been suggested as a specific treatment in these cases. Finally, in solid organ transplantation, both AngI and AngII have been associated with increased rejection events, with a regional specificity in the RAS activity. These elements emphasize the complexity of the direct and indirect interactions of RAS with immunomodulatory pathways and warrant further research in the field.
AbstractList The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has long been described in the field of cardiovascular physiology as the main player in blood pressure homeostasis. However, other effects have since been described, and include proliferation, fibrosis, and inflammation. To illustrate the immunomodulatory properties of the RAS, we chose three distinct fields in which RAS may play a critical role and be the subject of specific treatments. In oncology, RAS hyperactivation has been associated with tumor migration, survival, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis; preliminary data showed promise of the benefit of RAS blockers in patients treated for certain types of cancer. In intensive care medicine, vasoplegic shock has been associated with severe macro- and microcirculatory imbalance. A relative insufficiency in angiotensin II (AngII) was associated to lethal outcomes and synthetic AngII has been suggested as a specific treatment in these cases. Finally, in solid organ transplantation, both AngI and AngII have been associated with increased rejection events, with a regional specificity in the RAS activity. These elements emphasize the complexity of the direct and indirect interactions of RAS with immunomodulatory pathways and warrant further research in the field.The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has long been described in the field of cardiovascular physiology as the main player in blood pressure homeostasis. However, other effects have since been described, and include proliferation, fibrosis, and inflammation. To illustrate the immunomodulatory properties of the RAS, we chose three distinct fields in which RAS may play a critical role and be the subject of specific treatments. In oncology, RAS hyperactivation has been associated with tumor migration, survival, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis; preliminary data showed promise of the benefit of RAS blockers in patients treated for certain types of cancer. In intensive care medicine, vasoplegic shock has been associated with severe macro- and microcirculatory imbalance. A relative insufficiency in angiotensin II (AngII) was associated to lethal outcomes and synthetic AngII has been suggested as a specific treatment in these cases. Finally, in solid organ transplantation, both AngI and AngII have been associated with increased rejection events, with a regional specificity in the RAS activity. These elements emphasize the complexity of the direct and indirect interactions of RAS with immunomodulatory pathways and warrant further research in the field.
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has long been described in the field of cardiovascular physiology as the main player in blood pressure homeostasis. However, other effects have since been described, and include proliferation, fibrosis, and inflammation. To illustrate the immunomodulatory properties of the RAS, we chose three distinct fields in which RAS may play a critical role and be the subject of specific treatments. In oncology, RAS hyperactivation has been associated with tumor migration, survival, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis; preliminary data showed promise of the benefit of RAS blockers in patients treated for certain types of cancer. In intensive care medicine, vasoplegic shock has been associated with severe macro- and microcirculatory imbalance. A relative insufficiency in angiotensin II (AngII) was associated to lethal outcomes and synthetic AngII has been suggested as a specific treatment in these cases. Finally, in solid organ transplantation, both AngI and AngII have been associated with increased rejection events, with a regional specificity in the RAS activity. These elements emphasize the complexity of the direct and indirect interactions of RAS with immunomodulatory pathways and warrant further research in the field.
Author Jozwiak, Mathieu
Nguyen, Lee S.
Laghlam, Driss
AuthorAffiliation Research and Innovation of CMC Ambroise Paré (RICAP), CMC Ambroise Paré, 25-27 Boulevard Victor Hugo, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France; driss_laghlam@hotmail.com (D.L.); mathieu.jozwiak@aphp.fr (M.J.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Research and Innovation of CMC Ambroise Paré (RICAP), CMC Ambroise Paré, 25-27 Boulevard Victor Hugo, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France; driss_laghlam@hotmail.com (D.L.); mathieu.jozwiak@aphp.fr (M.J.)
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  surname: Nguyen
  fullname: Nguyen, Lee S.
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Snippet The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has long been described in the field of cardiovascular physiology as the main player in blood pressure homeostasis. However,...
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has long been described in the field of cardiovascular physiology as the main player in blood pressure homeostasis. However,...
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StartPage 1767
SubjectTerms Aldosterone
Angiogenesis
Angiotensin
Angiotensin II
Antihypertensives
Apoptosis
Blood pressure
Cell growth
Cell migration
Cell proliferation
Cell survival
Diabetes
Disease
Enzymes
Fibrosis
Glucose
Graft rejection
Homeostasis
Hypertension
Immunomodulation
Inflammation
Insulin resistance
Kidneys
Kinases
Liver
Lymphocytes
Metabolic disorders
Metabolic syndrome
Neutrophils
oncology
Oxidative stress
Peptides
Physiology
Proteins
Renin
renin–angiotensin system
Review
shock
Signal transduction
Transplantation
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Title Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System and Immunomodulation: A State-of-the-Art Review
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8303450
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Volume 10
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