Has Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Increased the Time to Seroreversion in HIV Exposed but Uninfected Children?
Background. Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in pregnancy in the United States, the time of seroreversion in infants born to HIV-infected mothers has not been documented. The ob...
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Published in | Clinical infectious diseases Vol. 55; no. 9; pp. 1255 - 1261 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Oxford
Oxford University Press
01.11.2012
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Abstract | Background. Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in pregnancy in the United States, the time of seroreversion in infants born to HIV-infected mothers has not been documented. The objective of this study was to determine the timing of clearance of HIV antibodies and to identify any associated biological and clinical factors. Methods. A retrospective analysis of infants who remained uninfected after perinatal HIV exposure was performed. Infant and maternal medical records from January 2000 to December 2007 were reviewed and the time of seroreversion was estimated using methods for censored survival data. Results. In total, 744 infants were included in the study, with prenatal data available for 551 mothers. The median age of seroreversion was 13.9 months, and 14% of infants remained seropositive after 18 months, 4.3% after 21 months, and 1.2% after 24 months. Earlier age of seroreversion was associated with higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels at 3–7 months of age (P = .0029) and a higher rate of IgG change over the next 6 months of life (P = .003). Infants born by vaginal delivery were more likely to serorevert at a younger age (P = .0052), and maternal exposure to protease inhibitors was associated with a later age of seroreversion (P = .026). Conclusions. Clearance of HIV antibodies in uninfected infants was found to occur at a later age than has been previously reported. Fourteen percent of the infants had persistence of HIV antibodies at or beyond 18 months of age. |
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AbstractList | A retrospective analysis was performed to determine the time to seroreversion in human immunodeficiency virus–exposed but uninfected infants and to examine possible correlates of this timing based on biological and clinical factors of both mother and infant.
Background.
Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in pregnancy in the United States, the time of seroreversion in infants born to HIV-infected mothers has not been documented. The objective of this study was to determine the timing of clearance of HIV antibodies and to identify any associated biological and clinical factors.
Methods.
A retrospective analysis of infants who remained uninfected after perinatal HIV exposure was performed. Infant and maternal medical records from January 2000 to December 2007 were reviewed and the time of seroreversion was estimated using methods for censored survival data.
Results.
In total, 744 infants were included in the study, with prenatal data available for 551 mothers. The median age of seroreversion was 13.9 months, and 14% of infants remained seropositive after 18 months, 4.3% after 21 months, and 1.2% after 24 months. Earlier age of seroreversion was associated with higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels at 3–7 months of age (
P
= .0029) and a higher rate of IgG change over the next 6 months of life (
P
= .003). Infants born by vaginal delivery were more likely to serorevert at a younger age (
P
= .0052), and maternal exposure to protease inhibitors was associated with a later age of seroreversion (
P
= .026).
Conclusions.
Clearance of HIV antibodies in uninfected infants was found to occur at a later age than has been previously reported. Fourteen percent of the infants had persistence of HIV antibodies at or beyond 18 months of age. Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in pregnancy in the United States, the time of seroreversion in infants born to HIV-infected mothers has not been documented. The objective of this study was to determine the timing of clearance of HIV antibodies and to identify any associated biological and clinical factors. A retrospective analysis of infants who remained uninfected after perinatal HIV exposure was performed. Infant and maternal medical records from January 2000 to December 2007 were reviewed and the time of seroreversion was estimated using methods for censored survival data. In total, 744 infants were included in the study, with prenatal data available for 551 mothers. The median age of seroreversion was 13.9 months, and 14% of infants remained seropositive after 18 months, 4.3% after 21 months, and 1.2% after 24 months. Earlier age of seroreversion was associated with higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels at 3-7 months of age (P = .0029) and a higher rate of IgG change over the next 6 months of life (P = .003). Infants born by vaginal delivery were more likely to serorevert at a younger age (P = .0052), and maternal exposure to protease inhibitors was associated with a later age of seroreversion (P = .026). Clearance of HIV antibodies in uninfected infants was found to occur at a later age than has been previously reported. Fourteen percent of the infants had persistence of HIV antibodies at or beyond 18 months of age. Background. Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in pregnancy in the United States, the time of seroreversion in infants born to HIV-infected mothers has not been documented. The objective of this study was to determine the timing of clearance of HIV antibodies and to identify any associated biological and clinical factors. Methods. A retrospective analysis of infants who remained uninfected after perinatal HIV exposure was performed. Infant and maternal medical records from January 2000 to December 2007 were reviewed and the time of seroreversion was estimated using methods for censored survival data. Results. In total, 744 infants were included in the study, with prenatal data available for 551 mothers. The median age of seroreversion was 13.9 months, and 14% of infants remained seropositive after 18 months, 4.3% after 21 months, and 1.2% after 24 months. Earlier age of seroreversion was associated with higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels at 3–7 months of age (P = .0029) and a higher rate of IgG change over the next 6 months of life (P = .003). Infants born by vaginal delivery were more likely to serorevert at a younger age (P = .0052), and maternal exposure to protease inhibitors was associated with a later age of seroreversion (P = .026). Conclusions. Clearance of HIV antibodies in uninfected infants was found to occur at a later age than has been previously reported. Fourteen percent of the infants had persistence of HIV antibodies at or beyond 18 months of age. BACKGROUNDSince the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in pregnancy in the United States, the time of seroreversion in infants born to HIV-infected mothers has not been documented. The objective of this study was to determine the timing of clearance of HIV antibodies and to identify any associated biological and clinical factors.METHODSA retrospective analysis of infants who remained uninfected after perinatal HIV exposure was performed. Infant and maternal medical records from January 2000 to December 2007 were reviewed and the time of seroreversion was estimated using methods for censored survival data.RESULTSIn total, 744 infants were included in the study, with prenatal data available for 551 mothers. The median age of seroreversion was 13.9 months, and 14% of infants remained seropositive after 18 months, 4.3% after 21 months, and 1.2% after 24 months. Earlier age of seroreversion was associated with higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels at 3-7 months of age (P = .0029) and a higher rate of IgG change over the next 6 months of life (P = .003). Infants born by vaginal delivery were more likely to serorevert at a younger age (P = .0052), and maternal exposure to protease inhibitors was associated with a later age of seroreversion (P = .026).CONCLUSIONSClearance of HIV antibodies in uninfected infants was found to occur at a later age than has been previously reported. Fourteen percent of the infants had persistence of HIV antibodies at or beyond 18 months of age. Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in pregnancy in the United States, the time of seroreversion in infants born to HIV-infected mothers has not been documented. The objective of this study was to determine the timing of clearance of HIV antibodies and to identify any associated biological and clinical factors. A retrospective analysis of infants who remained uninfected after perinatal HIV exposure was performed. Infant and maternal medical records from January 2000 to December 2007 were reviewed and the time of seroreversion was estimated using methods for censored survival data. In total, 744 infants were included in the study, with prenatal data available for 551 mothers. The median age of seroreversion was 13.9 months, and 14% of infants remained seropositive after 18 months, 4.3% after 21 months, and 1.2% after 24 months. Earlier age of seroreversion was associated with higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels at 3-7 months of age (P = .0029) and a higher rate of IgG change over the next 6 months of life (P = .003). Infants born by vaginal delivery were more likely to serorevert at a younger age (P = .0052), and maternal exposure to protease inhibitors was associated with a later age of seroreversion (P = .026). Clearance of HIV antibodies in uninfected infants was found to occur at a later age than has been previously reported. Fourteen percent of the infants had persistence of HIV antibodies at or beyond 18 months of age. |
Author | Cotter, Amanda M. Chaparro, Aida A. Ludwig, David A. Scott, Gwendolyn B. Gutierrez, Mavel Khan, Safia S. Rivera, Delia M. |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Divisions of 1 Infectious Disease and Immunology 3 Perinatal HIV Service, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami, Florida 2 Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Perinatal HIV Service, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami, Florida – name: 1 Divisions of 1 Infectious Disease and Immunology – name: 2 Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mavel surname: Gutierrez fullname: Gutierrez, Mavel – sequence: 2 givenname: David A. surname: Ludwig fullname: Ludwig, David A. – sequence: 3 givenname: Safia S. surname: Khan fullname: Khan, Safia S. – sequence: 4 givenname: Aida A. surname: Chaparro fullname: Chaparro, Aida A. – sequence: 5 givenname: Delia M. surname: Rivera fullname: Rivera, Delia M. – sequence: 6 givenname: Amanda M. surname: Cotter fullname: Cotter, Amanda M. – sequence: 7 givenname: Gwendolyn B. surname: Scott fullname: Scott, Gwendolyn B. |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_12688_f1000research_19637_1 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2016_00576 crossref_primary_10_1080_14656566_2017_1377181 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1473_3099_13_70262_7 crossref_primary_10_3390_diagnostics13152563 crossref_primary_10_1097_INF_0000000000002196 crossref_primary_10_4269_ajtmh_17_0067 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000000677 crossref_primary_10_1128_JCM_00128_16 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000002254 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10995_016_2152_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2019_08_072 crossref_primary_10_1111_hiv_13026 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcv_2020_104352 crossref_primary_10_1111_hiv_12862 |
Cites_doi | 10.1097/00006454-199510000-00006 10.1097/00006454-199505000-00009 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.002 10.1086/314580 10.1016/0140-6736(91)90866-N 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)90063-3 10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.03.016 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181576860 10.1089/aid.2009.0241 10.1097/INF.0b013e31818e03b4 10.1097/01.aids.0000125985.94527.b2 10.1093/tropej/43.2.75 10.1097/00006454-200010000-00017 10.1084/jem.188.2.233 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | Copyright © 2012 Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2015 INIST-CNRS Copyright Oxford University Press, UK Nov 1, 2012 The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: . 2012 |
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Snippet | Background. Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency... Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in... BACKGROUNDSince the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus... A retrospective analysis was performed to determine the time to seroreversion in human immunodeficiency virus–exposed but uninfected infants and to examine... |
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SubjectTerms | AIDS Anti-HIV Agents - administration & dosage Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents Antibodies Antiretroviral drugs Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active - methods Antiviral agents Biological and medical sciences Chemoprevention - methods Child, Preschool Children Disease prevention Drug therapy Female Highly active antiretroviral therapy HIV HIV Antibodies - blood HIV infections HIV Infections - prevention & control HIV Seropositivity HIV/AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus Human viral diseases Humans Immunodeficiencies Immunodeficiencies. Immunoglobulinopathies Immunopathology Infant Infant, Newborn Infants Infections Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - prevention & control Infectious diseases Male Maternal & child health Medical sciences Pharmacology. Drug treatments Pregnancy Protease inhibitors Rates of change Retrospective Studies Time Factors United States Viral diseases Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids Viral load |
Title | Has Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Increased the Time to Seroreversion in HIV Exposed but Uninfected Children? |
URI | https://www.jstor.org/stable/23269450 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22851494 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1095716252 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1095632414 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4990822 |
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