Development of a 43 color panel for the characterization of conventional and unconventional T‐cell subsets, B cells, NK cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and innate lymphoid cells using spectral flow cytometry

• Published in: Cytometry. Part A Vol. 105; no. 5; pp. 404 - 410
• Main Authors: Sahir, Fairooz, Mateo, Jericha Miles, Steinhoff, Martin, Siveen, Kodappully Sivaraman
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.05.2024; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: CD223 antigen; CD25 antigen; CD27 antigen; CD28 antigen; CD38 antigen; CD45RA antigen; CD57 antigen; Chemokine receptors; Color; CXCR3 protein; CXCR5 protein; Data analysis; Dendritic cells; Dendritic structure; Emission spectra; Flow cytometry; Fluorophores; Hematopoietic stem cells; Hemopoiesis; Immune system; immunophenotyping; innate lymphoid cells; Invariants; Leukocytes (basophilic); Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes B; Lymphocytes T; Lymphoid cells; Monocytes; Natural killer cells; Peripheral blood; Phenotyping; spectral flow cytometry; Surface markers; Technical Note; Technical Notes; unconventional T cells; Workflow; dendritic cells; innate lymphoid cells; immunophenotyping; spectral flow cytometry; unconventional T cells
• DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24288
• ISSN: 1552-4922; 1552-4930

Although many flow cytometers can analyze 30–50 parameters, it is still challenging to develop a 40+ color panel for the phenotyping of immune cells using fluorochrome conjugated antibodies due to limitations in the availability of spectrally unique fluorochromes that can be excited by the commonly used laser lines (UV, Violet, Blue, Green/Yellow‐green, and Red). Spectral flowcytometry is capable of differentiating fluorochromes with significant overlap in the emission spectra, enabling the use of spectrally similar fluorochrome pairs such as Brilliant Blue 515 and FITC in a single panel. We have developed a 43 color panel to characterize most of the immune subsets within the peripheral immune system, including conventional T cells, unconventional T cells such as invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT), Gamma delta (γδ) T‐cell subsets (TCR Vδ2, TCR Vγ9) and mucosal‐associated invariant T cells (MAIT), B‐cell subsets, natural killer (NK) cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, dendritic cell subsets, hematopoietic progenitor cells, basophils, and innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets (CD117, CRTH2). The panel includes surface markers to analyze activation (CD38, HLA‐DR, ICOS/CD278), differentiation (CD45RA, CD27, CD28, CD57), expression of cytokine and chemokine receptors (CD25, CD127, CCR10, CCR6, CCR4, CXCR3, CXCR5, CRTH2/CD294), and co‐inhibitory molecules and exhaustion (PD‐1, CD223/LAG‐3, TIGIT), which enables a deep characterization of PBMCs from peripheral blood. Cells were analyzed on a 5‐laser Cytek Aurora and data analysis was done using FlowJo. This panel can help to make a thorough interpretation of immune system, specifically when specimen quantity is low. The panel has not been completely optimized but would rather act as a guide toward the development of a workflow for optimized multicolor immunophenotyping panel.