Nitrous oxide emissions associated with nitrogen fixation by grain legumes

• Published in: Soil biology & biochemistry Vol. 41; no. 11; pp. 2283 - 2291
• Main Authors: Zhong, Zhaozhan, Lemke, Reynald L., Nelson, Louise M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2009; Elsevier
• Subjects: agroecosystems; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Biochemistry and biology; Biological and medical sciences; Biological nitrogen fixation; Chemical, physicochemical, biochemical and biological properties; Denitrification; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; gas emissions; Grain legumes; interspecific variation; Lens culinaris; Lens esculenta; lentils; N 2O emissions; nitrate nitrogen; nitrogen fixation; nitrogen transformation; nitrogen-fixing bacteria; nitrous oxide; peas; Physics, chemistry, biochemistry and biology of agricultural and forest soils; Pisum sativum; Rhizobium; Rhizobium leguminosarum; soil inoculation; Soil science; species differences; spring wheat; strain differences; symbiosis; Triticum aestivum; Denitrification; N 2O emissions; Rhizobium; Grain legumes; Biological nitrogen fixation; Gas emission; O emissions; Symbiont; N; Grain legume; Biological fixation; Nitrogen fixation; Bacteria; Soil science; Rhizobiaceae; Nitrogen protoxide
• ISSN: 0038-0717; 1879-3428
• DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.08.009

Nitrous oxide (N 2O) emissions and biological nitrogen (N 2) fixation by grain legumes are two major processes of N transformation in agroecosystems. However, the relationship between these two processes is not well understood. The objective of this study was to quantify N 2O emissions associated with N 2 fixation by grain legumes under controlled conditions. The denitrifying capability of two Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae strains, 99A1 and RGP2, was tested in pure culture in the presence of nitrate and in symbiosis with lentil ( Lens esculenta Moench) and pea ( Pisum sativum L.), respectively, in sterile Leonard jars. Lentil and pea, either inoculated or N-fertilized, were grown in soil boxes under controlled conditions. Profile N 2O concentration and surface N 2O emissions were measured from soil–crop systems, and were compared with that of a cereal – spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ac. Barrie). Results indicated that: 1) neither R. leguminosarum strain, 99A1 or RGP2 was capable of denitrification in pure culture, nor in symbiosis with lentil and pea in sterile Leonard jars, suggesting that introducing these Rhizobium into soils through rhizobial inoculation onto lentil and pea will not increase denitrification or N 2O emissions; 2) soil-emitted N 2O from well-nodulated lentil and pea crops grown under controlled conditions was not significantly different than that from the check treatments, indicating that biological N 2 fixation by lentil and pea was not a direct source of N 2O emissions.