Reasons of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Chinese People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

• Published in: JMIR public health and surveillance Vol. 8; no. 6; p. e33995
• Main Authors: Chai, Ruiyu, Yang, Jianzhou, Zhang, Xiangjun, Huang, Xiaojie, Yu, Maohe, Fu, Gengfeng, Lan, Guanghua, Qiao, Ying, Li, Shuyue, Yao, Yan, Xu, Junjie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Canada JMIR Publications 01.06.2022
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AIDS; COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccines; Health surveillance; HIV; Human immunodeficiency virus; Immunization; Original Paper; Public health; Structural equation modeling; Vaccines; Beijing China; United States > US; China
• DOI: 10.2196/33995
• ISSN: 2369-2960

Background: Many countries and organizations recommended people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. However, vaccine hesitancy still exists and becomes a barrier for promoting COVID-19 vaccination among PLWHA. Objective: This study aims to investigate factors that contributed to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among PLWHA. Methods: The study used a multicenter cross-sectional design and an online survey mode. We recruited PLWHA aged 18-65 years old from five metropolitan cities in China between January and February 2021. Participants completed an online survey through the Golden Data, a widely used encrypted web-based survey platform. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the background characteristics in relation to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and structural equation modeling was performed to assess the relationships among perceived benefits, perceived risks, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Results: Among 1735 participants, 41.61% (722/1735) reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. An older age, no other vaccinations in the past 3 years, and having chronic disease history were positively associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Structural equation modeling revealed a direct relationship of perceived benefits, perceived risks, and subjective norms with self-efficacy and vaccine hesitancy and an indirect relationship of perceived benefits, perceived risks, and subjective norms with vaccine hesitancy. Moreover, the self-efficacy toward COVID-19 vaccination was low. PLWHA had concerns of HIV disclosure during COVID-19 vaccination. Family members support could have an impact on the COVID-19 vaccination decision-making. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was high among PLWHA in China. To reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, programs and strategies should be adopted to eliminate the concerns for COVID-19 vaccination, disseminate accurate information on the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine, encourage family members support for COVID-19 vaccination, and improve PLWHA's trust on medical professionals.