Biology of IDH mutant cholangiocarcinoma
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) are the most frequently mutated metabolic genes across human cancers. These hotspot gain‐of‐function mutations cause the IDH enzyme to aberrantly generate high levels of the oncometabolite, R‐2‐hydroxyglutarate, which competitively inhibits enzymes th...
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| Published in | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Vol. 75; no. 5; pp. 1322 - 1337 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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United States
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc
01.05.2022
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| Abstract | Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) are the most frequently mutated metabolic genes across human cancers. These hotspot gain‐of‐function mutations cause the IDH enzyme to aberrantly generate high levels of the oncometabolite, R‐2‐hydroxyglutarate, which competitively inhibits enzymes that regulate epigenetics, DNA repair, metabolism, and other processes. Among epithelial malignancies, IDH mutations are particularly common in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of mutant IDH (mIDH) 1 delays progression of mIDH1 iCCA, indicating a role for this oncogene in tumor maintenance. However, not all patients receive clinical benefit, and those who do typically show stable disease rather than significant tumor regressions. The elucidation of the oncogenic functions of mIDH is needed to inform strategies that can more effectively harness mIDH as a therapeutic target. This review will discuss the biology of mIDH iCCA, including roles of mIDH in blocking cell differentiation programs and suppressing antitumor immunity, and the potential relevance of these effects to mIDH1‐targeted therapy. We also cover opportunities for synthetic lethal therapeutic interactions that harness the altered cell state provoked by mIDH1 rather than inhibiting the mutant enzyme. Finally, we highlight key outstanding questions in the biology of this fascinating and incompletely understood oncogene. |
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| AbstractList | Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) are the most frequently mutated metabolic genes across human cancers. These hotspot gain‐of‐function mutations cause the IDH enzyme to aberrantly generate high levels of the oncometabolite, R‐2‐hydroxyglutarate, which competitively inhibits enzymes that regulate epigenetics, DNA repair, metabolism, and other processes. Among epithelial malignancies, IDH mutations are particularly common in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of mutant IDH (mIDH) 1 delays progression of mIDH1 iCCA, indicating a role for this oncogene in tumor maintenance. However, not all patients receive clinical benefit, and those who do typically show stable disease rather than significant tumor regressions. The elucidation of the oncogenic functions of mIDH is needed to inform strategies that can more effectively harness mIDH as a therapeutic target. This review will discuss the biology of mIDH iCCA, including roles of mIDH in blocking cell differentiation programs and suppressing antitumor immunity, and the potential relevance of these effects to mIDH1‐targeted therapy. We also cover opportunities for synthetic lethal therapeutic interactions that harness the altered cell state provoked by mIDH1 rather than inhibiting the mutant enzyme. Finally, we highlight key outstanding questions in the biology of this fascinating and incompletely understood oncogene. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) are the most frequently mutated metabolic genes across human cancers. These hotspot gain-of-function mutations cause the IDH enzyme to aberrantly generate high levels of the oncometabolite, R-2-hydroxyglutarate, which competitively inhibits enzymes that regulate epigenetics, DNA repair, metabolism, and other processes. Among epithelial malignancies, IDH mutations are particularly common in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of mutant IDH (mIDH) 1 delays progression of mIDH1 iCCA, indicating a role for this oncogene in tumor maintenance. However, not all patients receive clinical benefit, and those who do typically show stable disease rather than significant tumor regressions. The elucidation of the oncogenic functions of mIDH is needed to inform strategies that can more effectively harness mIDH as a therapeutic target. This review will discuss the biology of mIDH iCCA, including roles of mIDH in blocking cell differentiation programs and suppressing antitumor immunity, and the potential relevance of these effects to mIDH1-targeted therapy. We also cover opportunities for synthetic lethal therapeutic interactions that harness the altered cell state provoked by mIDH1 rather than inhibiting the mutant enzyme. Finally, we highlight key outstanding questions in the biology of this fascinating and incompletely understood oncogene.Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) are the most frequently mutated metabolic genes across human cancers. These hotspot gain-of-function mutations cause the IDH enzyme to aberrantly generate high levels of the oncometabolite, R-2-hydroxyglutarate, which competitively inhibits enzymes that regulate epigenetics, DNA repair, metabolism, and other processes. Among epithelial malignancies, IDH mutations are particularly common in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of mutant IDH (mIDH) 1 delays progression of mIDH1 iCCA, indicating a role for this oncogene in tumor maintenance. However, not all patients receive clinical benefit, and those who do typically show stable disease rather than significant tumor regressions. The elucidation of the oncogenic functions of mIDH is needed to inform strategies that can more effectively harness mIDH as a therapeutic target. This review will discuss the biology of mIDH iCCA, including roles of mIDH in blocking cell differentiation programs and suppressing antitumor immunity, and the potential relevance of these effects to mIDH1-targeted therapy. We also cover opportunities for synthetic lethal therapeutic interactions that harness the altered cell state provoked by mIDH1 rather than inhibiting the mutant enzyme. Finally, we highlight key outstanding questions in the biology of this fascinating and incompletely understood oncogene. |
| Author | Wu, Meng‐Ju Zhu, Andrew X. Bardeesy, Nabeel Shi, Lei Merritt, Joshua |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Meng‐Ju orcidid: 0000-0001-6847-7065 surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Meng‐Ju organization: Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology – sequence: 2 givenname: Lei orcidid: 0000-0003-1149-0474 surname: Shi fullname: Shi, Lei organization: Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology – sequence: 3 givenname: Joshua surname: Merritt fullname: Merritt, Joshua organization: Harvard Medical School – sequence: 4 givenname: Andrew X. surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Andrew X. organization: Jiahui International Cancer Center – sequence: 5 givenname: Nabeel surname: Bardeesy fullname: Bardeesy, Nabeel email: bardeesy.nabeel@mgh.harvard.edu organization: Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35226770$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Notes | Funding information This work was supported by the following sources: NCI SPORE P50 CA127003, the Gallagher Chair in Gastrointestinal Cancer Research, ProjectLiv, Massachusetts Life Sciences Center, Samuel Waxman Cancer Research Foundation, and TargetCancer Foundation (to N. Bardeesy), Cholangiocarcinoma Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship and American Cancer Society Postdoctoral Fellowship PF‐20‐136‐01‐TBG (to M.‐J. Wu), and the Cholangiocarcinoma Foundation Christopher J. Wilke Memorial Research Fellowship, MGH Fund for Discovery, MGH Excellence Award, NCI K99CA245194, and NCI SPORE P50CA127003 (to L. Shi). There are no restrictions with any of these funds ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 |
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| Snippet | Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) are the most frequently mutated metabolic genes across human cancers. These hotspot gain‐of‐function mutations... Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 ( IDH1 and IDH2 ) are the most frequently mutated metabolic genes across human cancers. These hotspot gain‐of‐function... Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) are the most frequently mutated metabolic genes across human cancers. These hotspot gain-of-function mutations... |
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| SubjectTerms | Bile Duct Neoplasms - genetics Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic - metabolism Biology Cell differentiation Cholangiocarcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma - genetics DNA repair Enzymes Epigenetics Hepatology Humans Isocitrate dehydrogenase Isocitrate Dehydrogenase - genetics Mutants Mutation Therapeutic targets Tumors |
| Title | Biology of IDH mutant cholangiocarcinoma |
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