From psychogenic movement disorder to functional movement disorder: It's time to change the name
ABSTRACT Successive attempts at rebranding may be behind at least some of the proliferation of terms we have at our disposal when describing patients with what are now most often referred to as “psychogenic,” “conversion,” or “somatoform” symptoms. The most popular term in the movement disorder lite...
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| Published in | Movement disorders Vol. 29; no. 7; pp. 849 - 852 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.06.2014
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | ABSTRACT
Successive attempts at rebranding may be behind at least some of the proliferation of terms we have at our disposal when describing patients with what are now most often referred to as “psychogenic,” “conversion,” or “somatoform” symptoms. The most popular term in the movement disorder literature, “psychogenic,” provides the aetiology of the disorder within the name, indicating that the symptoms are “born of the mind.” Here we argue that it is logical to stop using a term that defines the disorder with regard to a poorly defined aetiology that is not supported by current evidence, and, instead, to use a broad term—functional—not as a “polite eponym” but as a term that is freer from such assumptions and does not reinforce dualistic thinking. The main argument for change is not political or even practical, but scientific. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Successive attempts at rebranding may be behind at least some of the proliferation of terms we have at our disposal when describing patients with what are now most often referred to as "psychogenic," "conversion," or "somatoform" symptoms. The most popular term in the movement disorder literature, "psychogenic," provides the aetiology of the disorder within the name, indicating that the symptoms are "born of the mind." Here we argue that it is logical to stop using a term that defines the disorder with regard to a poorly defined aetiology that is not supported by current evidence, and, instead, to use a broad term-functional-not as a "polite eponym" but as a term that is freer from such assumptions and does not reinforce dualistic thinking. The main argument for change is not political or even practical, but scientific. Successive attempts at rebranding may be behind at least some of the proliferation of terms we have at our disposal when describing patients with what are now most often referred to as "psychogenic," "conversion," or "somatoform" symptoms. The most popular term in the movement disorder literature, "psychogenic," provides the aetiology of the disorder within the name, indicating that the symptoms are "born of the mind." Here we argue that it is logical to stop using a term that defines the disorder with regard to a poorly defined aetiology that is not supported by current evidence, and, instead, to use a broad term-functional-not as a "polite eponym" but as a term that is freer from such assumptions and does not reinforce dualistic thinking. The main argument for change is not political or even practical, but scientific.Successive attempts at rebranding may be behind at least some of the proliferation of terms we have at our disposal when describing patients with what are now most often referred to as "psychogenic," "conversion," or "somatoform" symptoms. The most popular term in the movement disorder literature, "psychogenic," provides the aetiology of the disorder within the name, indicating that the symptoms are "born of the mind." Here we argue that it is logical to stop using a term that defines the disorder with regard to a poorly defined aetiology that is not supported by current evidence, and, instead, to use a broad term-functional-not as a "polite eponym" but as a term that is freer from such assumptions and does not reinforce dualistic thinking. The main argument for change is not political or even practical, but scientific. ABSTRACT Successive attempts at rebranding may be behind at least some of the proliferation of terms we have at our disposal when describing patients with what are now most often referred to as “psychogenic,” “conversion,” or “somatoform” symptoms. The most popular term in the movement disorder literature, “psychogenic,” provides the aetiology of the disorder within the name, indicating that the symptoms are “born of the mind.” Here we argue that it is logical to stop using a term that defines the disorder with regard to a poorly defined aetiology that is not supported by current evidence, and, instead, to use a broad term—functional—not as a “polite eponym” but as a term that is freer from such assumptions and does not reinforce dualistic thinking. The main argument for change is not political or even practical, but scientific. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Successive attempts at rebranding may be behind at least some of the proliferation of terms we have at our disposal when describing patients with what are now most often referred to as “psychogenic,” “conversion,” or “somatoform” symptoms. The most popular term in the movement disorder literature, “psychogenic,” provides the aetiology of the disorder within the name, indicating that the symptoms are “born of the mind.” Here we argue that it is logical to stop using a term that defines the disorder with regard to a poorly defined aetiology that is not supported by current evidence, and, instead, to use a broad term—functional—not as a “polite eponym” but as a term that is freer from such assumptions and does not reinforce dualistic thinking. The main argument for change is not political or even practical, but scientific. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Successive attempts at rebranding may be behind at least some of the proliferation of terms we have at our disposal when describing patients with what are now most often referred to as "psychogenic," "conversion," or "somatoform" symptoms. The most popular term in the movement disorder literature, "psychogenic," provides the aetiology of the disorder within the name, indicating that the symptoms are "born of the mind." Here we argue that it is logical to stop using a term that defines the disorder with regard to a poorly defined aetiology that is not supported by current evidence, and, instead, to use a broad term--functional--not as a "polite eponym" but as a term that is freer from such assumptions and does not reinforce dualistic thinking. The main argument for change is not political or even practical, but scientific. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
| Author | Edwards, Mark J. Lang, Anthony E. Stone, Jon |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mark J. surname: Edwards fullname: Edwards, Mark J. email: m.j.edwards@ucl.ac.uk organization: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UCL, United Kingdom – sequence: 2 givenname: Jon surname: Stone fullname: Stone, Jon organization: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland – sequence: 3 givenname: Anthony E. surname: Lang fullname: Lang, Anthony E. organization: Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, Ontario, Toronto, Canada |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23843209$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| References | Friedman JH, LaFrance WC Jr. Psychogenic disorders: the need to speak plainly. Arch Neurol 2010;67:753-755. Carton S, Thompson PJ, Duncan JS. Non-epileptic seizures: patients' understanding and reaction to the diagnosis and impact on outcome. Seizure 2003;12:287-294. Stone J, Edwards MJ. Trick or treat: showing patients with functional (psychogenic) motor symptoms their physical signs. Neurology 2012;79:282-284. Kanaan R, Armstrong D, Barnes P, Wessely S. In the psychiatrist's chair: how neurologists understand conversion disorder. Brain 2009;132:2889-2896. Reynolds EH. Hysteria, conversion and functional disorders: a neurological contribution to classification issues. Br J Psychiatry 2012;201:253-254. Stone J, Colyer M, Feltbower S, Carson A, Sharpe M. "Psychosomatic": a systematic review of its meaning in newspaper articles. Psychosomatics 2004;45:287-290. Espay AJ, Goldenhar LM, Voon V, Schrag A, Burton N, Lang AE. Opinions and clinical practices related to diagnosing and managing patients with psychogenic movement disorders: an international survey of Movement Disorder Society members. Mov Disord 2009;24:1366-1374. Hughes JT. Neuropathology in Germany during World War II: Julius Hallervorden (1882-1965) and the Nazi programme of 'euthanasia.' J Med Biogr 2007;15:116-122. Jankovic J, Vuong KD, Thomas M. Psychogenic tremor: long-term outcome. CNS Spectr 2006;11:501-508. Edwards MJ, Adams RA, Brown H, Parees I, Friston KJ. A Bayesian approach to "hysteria.". Brain 2012;135(pt 11):3495-3512. Stone J. The bare essentials: functional symptoms in neurology. Pract Neurol 2009;9:179-189. Starcevic V. Somatoform disorders and DSM-V: conceptual and political issues in the debate. Psychosomatics 2006;47:277-281. Stone J, LaFrance WC Jr, Brown R, Spiegel D, Levenson JL, Sharpe M. Conversion disorder: current problems and potential solutions for DSM-5. J Psychosom Res 2011;71:369-376. Creed F, Guthrie E, Fink P, Henningsen P, Rief W, Sharpe M et al. Is there a better term than "medically unexplained symptoms?" J Psychosom Res 2010;68:5-8. Stone J, Wojcik W, Durrance D, et al. What should we say to patients with symptoms unexplained by disease? The "number needed to offend." BMJ 2002;325:1449-1450. Trimble MR. Functional diseases. BMJ 1982;285:1768-1770. Kranick S, Ekanayake V, Martinez V, Ameli R, Hallett M, Voon V. Psychopathology and psychogenic movement disorders. Mov Disord 2011;26:1844-1850. 2010; 67 2009; 24 2010; 68 2012; 201 2012; 135 2006; 11 2011; 71 2004; 45 2006; 47 2009; 132 1982; 285 2009; 9 2002; 325 2006 2011; 26 2012; 79 2007; 15 2003; 12 e_1_2_4_3_1 e_1_2_4_2_1 e_1_2_4_5_1 e_1_2_4_4_1 e_1_2_4_7_1 e_1_2_4_6_1 e_1_2_4_9_1 e_1_2_4_8_1 e_1_2_4_10_1 e_1_2_4_11_1 e_1_2_4_13_1 Fahn S. (e_1_2_4_12_1) 2006 e_1_2_4_14_1 e_1_2_4_15_1 e_1_2_4_16_1 e_1_2_4_18_1 e_1_2_4_17_1 e_1_2_4_19_1 25255973 - Mov Disord. 2014 Nov;29(13):1697-8 25255878 - Mov Disord. 2014 Nov;29(13):1696 25284581 - Mov Disord. 2014 Nov;29(13):1696-7; discussion 1699-701 24797587 - Mov Disord. 2014 Jun;29(7):853-6 25242623 - Mov Disord. 2014 Nov;29(13):1698-9 |
| References_xml | – reference: Starcevic V. Somatoform disorders and DSM-V: conceptual and political issues in the debate. Psychosomatics 2006;47:277-281. – reference: Hughes JT. Neuropathology in Germany during World War II: Julius Hallervorden (1882-1965) and the Nazi programme of 'euthanasia.' J Med Biogr 2007;15:116-122. – reference: Stone J. The bare essentials: functional symptoms in neurology. Pract Neurol 2009;9:179-189. – reference: Stone J, Wojcik W, Durrance D, et al. What should we say to patients with symptoms unexplained by disease? The "number needed to offend." BMJ 2002;325:1449-1450. – reference: Edwards MJ, Adams RA, Brown H, Parees I, Friston KJ. A Bayesian approach to "hysteria.". Brain 2012;135(pt 11):3495-3512. – reference: Kanaan R, Armstrong D, Barnes P, Wessely S. In the psychiatrist's chair: how neurologists understand conversion disorder. Brain 2009;132:2889-2896. – reference: Stone J, Colyer M, Feltbower S, Carson A, Sharpe M. 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Successive attempts at rebranding may be behind at least some of the proliferation of terms we have at our disposal when describing patients with what... Successive attempts at rebranding may be behind at least some of the proliferation of terms we have at our disposal when describing patients with what are now... |
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| SubjectTerms | conversion disorder Conversion Disorder - diagnosis Conversion Disorder - psychology functional Humans Movement Movement disorders Movement Disorders - diagnosis Movement Disorders - psychology psychogenic Psychophysiologic Disorders - diagnosis Psychophysiologic Disorders - psychology Somatoform Disorders - diagnosis Somatoform Disorders - psychology |
| Title | From psychogenic movement disorder to functional movement disorder: It's time to change the name |
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