A Review on Mycotoxins and Microfungi in Spices in the Light of the Last Five Years

Spices are imported worldwide mainly from developing countries with tropical and/or subtropical climate. Local conditions, such as high temperature, heavy rainfall, and humidity, promote fungal growth leading to increased occurrence of mycotoxins in spices. Moreover, the lack of good agricultural pr...

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Published inToxins Vol. 12; no. 12; p. 789
Main Authors Pickova, Darina, Ostry, Vladimir, Malir, Jan, Toman, Jakub, Malir, Frantisek
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI 11.12.2020
MDPI AG
Subjects
contamination
microfungi
mycotoxin
Review
spices
mycotoxin
microfungi
spices
contamination
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Abstract Spices are imported worldwide mainly from developing countries with tropical and/or subtropical climate. Local conditions, such as high temperature, heavy rainfall, and humidity, promote fungal growth leading to increased occurrence of mycotoxins in spices. Moreover, the lack of good agricultural practice (GAP), good manufacturing practice (GMP), and good hygienic practice (GHP) in developing countries are of great concern. This review summarizes recent data from a total of 56 original papers dealing with mycotoxins and microfungi in various spices in the last five years. A total of 38 kinds of spices, 17 mycotoxins, and 14 microfungi are discussed in the review. Worldwide, spices are rather overlooked in terms of mycotoxin regulations, which usually only cover aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA). In this paper, an extensive attention is devoted to the limits on mycotoxins in spices in the context of the European Union (EU) as well as other countries. As proven in this review, the incidence of AFs and OTA, as well as other mycotoxins, is relatively high in many spices; thus, the preparation of new regulation limits is advisable.
AbstractList Spices are imported worldwide mainly from developing countries with tropical and/or subtropical climate. Local conditions, such as high temperature, heavy rainfall, and humidity, promote fungal growth leading to increased occurrence of mycotoxins in spices. Moreover, the lack of good agricultural practice (GAP), good manufacturing practice (GMP), and good hygienic practice (GHP) in developing countries are of great concern. This review summarizes recent data from a total of 56 original papers dealing with mycotoxins and microfungi in various spices in the last five years. A total of 38 kinds of spices, 17 mycotoxins, and 14 microfungi are discussed in the review. Worldwide, spices are rather overlooked in terms of mycotoxin regulations, which usually only cover aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA). In this paper, an extensive attention is devoted to the limits on mycotoxins in spices in the context of the European Union (EU) as well as other countries. As proven in this review, the incidence of AFs and OTA, as well as other mycotoxins, is relatively high in many spices; thus, the preparation of new regulation limits is advisable.
Author Toman, Jakub
Malir, Frantisek
Pickova, Darina
Malir, Jan
Ostry, Vladimir
AuthorAffiliation 2 Center for Health, Nutrition and Food in Brno, National Institute of Public Health in Prague, Palackeho 3a, CZ-61242 Brno, Czech Republic
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, CZ-50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; ostry@chpr.szu.cz (V.O.); jakub.toman@uhk.cz (J.T.); frantisek.malir@uhk.cz (F.M.)
3 Department of Public Law, Institute of State and Law, Czech Academy of Sciences, Narodni 18, CZ-11600 Prague, Czech Republic; jan.malir@ilaw.cas.cz
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Issue 12
Keywords mycotoxin
microfungi
spices
contamination
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Snippet Spices are imported worldwide mainly from developing countries with tropical and/or subtropical climate. Local conditions, such as high temperature, heavy...
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SubjectTerms contamination
microfungi
mycotoxin
Review
spices
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Title A Review on Mycotoxins and Microfungi in Spices in the Light of the Last Five Years
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33322380
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7763258
https://doaj.org/article/cb1554a9977549be9cdb05302e97358a
Volume 12
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